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Background: Both attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are complicated illnesses that sometimes co-occur in children and adults with significant negative influence on a person's life and general well-being. Aim: This study aims to conduct a systematic review that investigates the comorbidity of PTSD and ADHD in the adult population. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across five electronic databases (PsycNET, Cochrane, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov) between October 5 and 20, 2023, using predefined keywords including "ADHD," "PTSD," and "comorbidity." Studies were included if they involved adult participants (≥ 18 years) with both ADHD and PTSD diagnoses. Two independent reviewers conducted screening and data extraction. No meta-analysis was performed due to heterogeneity in study designs. The results were synthesized qualitatively. Results: Out of 818 identified studies, 21 met the inclusion criteria. Studies reported an increased risk of developing PTSD in individuals with ADHD, with the prevalence of comorbidity ranging between 28 and 36%. ADHD in PTSD patients was associated with greater psychosocial impairment, more severe PTSD symptoms, and functional difficulties. Treatment approaches, including pharmacotherapy (atomoxetine, Vyvanse) and mindfulness training, showed potential benefits for managing comorbid symptoms. Conclusions: ADHD and PTSD commonly co-occur in adults, leading to more severe clinical outcomes. Early diagnosis and effective treatment of ADHD may reduce the risk of developing PTSD. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and optimal treatment strategies for individuals with ADHD/PTSD comorbidity. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42023479631. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

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Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical used in manufacturing epoxy resins, polycarbonate plastics. We aimed to evaluate the possible protective effect of modafinil (MOD) in BPA-induced lung injury., Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control group, MOD group: rats received modafinil 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks, BPA group: rats received Bisphenol A (500 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks, MOD/BPA group: rats received MOD+ BPA. We measured arterial blood gas (ABG), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NOx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interlukin-1b (IL-1b), Sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1), Keap1, Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), caspase-3 and forkhead-box transcription factor1 (FOXO1) levels, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), apoptotic Bcl-2-associated protein x (Bax) and anti-apoptotic B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl2) and Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression. Furthermore; histological changes, interlukin-6 (IL-6) immuno-expression were evaluated., Results: BPA group showed significant increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), MDA, NOx, IL-1b, keap1 and FOXO1, caspase-3 levels; TNF-α and NF-Κb, Bax and HO-1 gene expression, IL-6 exhibited a notable rise in immune-expression in the alveolar wall cells, interstitial cells, and infiltrating inflammatory cells. Moreover; it showed toxic histological changes of marked lung injury. Meanwhile, there is a significant decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), TAC, SIRT1, Nrf2 levels, and Bcl2 gene expression. MOD showed a significant improvement in all parameters., Conclusion: MOD possesses potent ameliorative effects against lung injury caused by BPA via reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory process, and apoptosis through regulation of SIRT1/Nrf2 and SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathways. more...

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) prevalence has risen significantly, affecting millions globally and posing a major healthcare burden. OSA is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as heart failure, stroke, and ischemic heart disease. However, trends in CVD-related mortality among individuals with OSA remain underexplored., Objective: This study aims to assess the trends of OSA and CVD related mortality rates and variations in mortality based on demographics and regions in the US., Methods: Mortality data for adults aged ≥25 with OSA and CVD were extracted from the CDC WONDER database. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 and annual percent change (APC) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, stratified by year, sex, race/ethnicity, age, urbanization, and Census regions., Results: Between 1999 and 2019, 168,111 OSA-related CVD deaths were recorded. Overall AAMRs rose significantly, particularly for hypertensive disease (1999-2006 APC: 13.2 %, 95 % CI: 11.6-15.7). Men consistently had higher AAMRs than women, and Black individuals showed the highest racial disparities. AAMRs varied geographically, with the Midwest recording the highest rates and rural areas showing notable increases. States like Oregon and Montana had rates three times higher than New York and Massachusetts., Conclusions: OSA-related CVD mortality has risen substantially, with marked disparities by sex, race, and region. These findings emphasize the need for targeted public health interventions to reduce mortality in high-risk groups., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None to declare., (Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...

Background: Recent research has shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased the burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the US aging population. However, trends in mortality from this comorbidity among adults aged ≥ 65 years have not been investigated., Objectives: This study examined trends and disparities in AD-related mortality among older US adults with T2DM from 1999 to 2019., Methods: Data from the CDC WONDER database were analysed to assess AD-related mortality in patients with T2DM aged ≥ 65 between 1999 and 2019. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 people and annual percent change (APC) were calculated and stratified by year, sex, race/ethnicity, age, urbanisation and geographical region., Results: From 1999 to 2019, there were 71,550 deaths with T2DM and AD among adults aged ≥ 65. AAMRs rose from 4.12 in 1999 to 11.65 in 2019, with the sharpest increase between 2014 and 2017 (APC: 10.81; 95% CI: -3.20 to 13.43). Women had slightly higher AAMRs than men, with rates increasing from 4.71 in 1999 to 11.61 in 2019 for women, and from 4.08 to 11.70 for men. Hispanic individuals saw the highest increase in AAMR (11.15), followed by non-Hispanic Black (9.30) and White populations (7.92). AAMRs were highest in the West (10.91) and the Midwest (9.62), while the Northeast (4.70) had the lowest. Nonmetropolitan areas had consistently higher AAMRs (10.74) than large metropolitan areas (6.68) and small/medium metropolitan areas (9.25). States in the top 90th percentile for T2DM-AD mortality included California, South Dakota and Kentucky, where rates were approximately eight times higher than in states in the lowest 10th percentile., Conclusions: This study reveals a significant rise in T2DM-AD comorbidity-related mortality among older adults, especially among Hispanics, women and rural residents. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to reduce the burden in vulnerable populations., (© 2025 The Author(s). Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.) more...

Background: Mistreatment by patients is a detrimental phenomenon predominant in healthcare organizations. However, there is a lack of nursing literature regarding the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions that exist between mistreatment by patients and its detrimental consequences., Aim: By integrating the Job Demands-Resources Model and the Conservation of Resources Theory, the study aimed to unveil the mediating role of psychological detachment from work in the relationship between mistreatment by patients and nurses' caring behaviors, as well as the moderating effect of supervisor positive gossip., Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study involved 341 nurses from five hospitals across two cities in Egypt. Data were collected using an introductory information form, the Mistreatment by Patients Scale, the Psychological Detachment Scale, the Caring Behaviors Scale, and the Supervisor Positive Gossip Scale. The study's hypotheses were tested using the PROCESS macro., Results: The results showed that mistreatment by patients was negatively related to nurses' caring behaviors via an increased psychological detachment. Further, higher levels of supervisor positive gossip were shown to weaken the direct effect of mistreatment by patients in increasing nurses' psychological detachment, as well as the indirect negative effect of mistreatment by patients on nurses' caring behaviors via psychological detachment., Conclusions: Mistreatment by patients contributes to nurses' psychological detachment and decreased caring behaviors; however, these negative outcomes can be mitigated by supervisor positive gossip., Implication for Nursing Policymaking: Nursing managers should adopt strategies to deter the rise of mistreatment by patients, and utilize positive gossip to support nurses exposed to such mistreatment to alleviate its consequences., (© 2024 International Council of Nurses.) more...

Background: Immunonutrition supplementation has been shown to reduce the risk of surgical infectious complications; however, its effect on decreasing anastomotic leak rates, in the context of an otherwise robust Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program, remains unclear. This study aims to assess the association between perioperative immunonutrition supplementation and anastomotic leak in an elective Enhanced Recovery After Surgery colorectal surgical population., Methods: We performed a retrospective single-institution cohort study consisting of adult patients enrolled in an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathway and undergoing elective colorectal surgery from 2018 to 2023. Immunonutrition supplementation was defined as a 10-day perioperative supply of commercially available nutritional shakes. Relevant demographic covariates, preoperative characteristics, and operative methods were identified and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the association of immunonutrition with anastomotic leak., Results: A total of 708 patients were included in the study, of which n = 400 (56.5%) received perioperative immunonutrition. Patients who received immunonutrition were more likely to be older (median age 57.9 vs 55.7), male (52.7% vs 44.8%), have a higher body mass index (27.7 vs 26.3), and less likely to be current smokers (9.8% vs 16.2%). On adjusted analysis, there was no association between immunonutrition use and anastomotic leak (odds ratio = 0.96, 95% confidence interval = 0.45, 2.08), 30-day readmission (odds ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval = 0.60, 1.57), or length of stay (β = .40, 95% confidence interval = -0.06, 0.86) CONCLUSION: We did not observe an association between perioperative immunonutrition supplementation and postoperative anastomotic leak, suggesting that the role of immunonutrition within a comprehensive Enhanced Recovery After Surgery program for elective colorectal surgery may warrant further evaluation., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest/Disclosures None., (Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...

Use of fossil fuels causes environmental issues due to its inefficiency and and imminent depletion. This has led to interest in identifying alternative and renewable energy sources such as biofuel generation from photosynthetic organisms. A wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, known as microalgae, have the potential to be economical and ecologically sustainable in the manufacture of biofuels such as bio-hydrogen, biodiesel, bio-oils, and bio-syngas. By using contemporary bioengineering techniques, the innate potential of algae to produce biomass of superior quality may be enhanced. In algal biotechnology, directed genome modification via RNA-guided endonucleases is a new approach. CRISPR/Cas systems have recently been frequently used to modify the genetic makeup of several aquatic and freshwater microalgae. The majority of research has used the Cas9-driven Type II system, one of two classes and six unique kinds of CRISPR systems, to specifically target desired genes in algae, and knock them out and down, or both. Using CRISPR technology to modify its genetic makeup, microalgae has produced more biomass and increased in lipid content. This review highlights the attempts made so far to target microalgae genome modification, discusses the prospects for developing the CRISPR platform for large-scale genome modification of microalgae, and identifies the opportunities and challenges in the development and distribution of CRISPR/Cas9 components. more...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a significant public health concern globally. This study aims to evaluate the impact of cutaneous leishmaniasis on the quality of life of patients in the Draa-Tafilalet region of Morocco. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 87 patients between December 2022 and July 2023 using the Skindex-16 questionnaire. The results revealed that cutaneous leishmaniasis has a mild to moderate impact on health-related quality of life, with 26.4 % of participants reporting a low impact and 73.6 % reporting a moderate impact. A significant gender difference was observed in Skindex-16 scores, with moderate impact being more prevalent among females (60.90 % vs. 30.10 %, p = 0.002). Furthermore, facial lesions were associated with a statistically significant reduction in quality of life, particularly in the emotional (p < 0.001) and functioning (p = 0.01) domains. These findings highlight the need for targeted management strategies that address the substantial impact of cutaneous leishmaniasis on patients' quality of life. Future studies with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods are warranted to further elucidate the effects of cutaneous leishmaniasis on patients' well-being., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...

Objective: The authors examined trends of individual career development awards from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to psychiatry faculty, especially physicians, in comparison to other departments., Methods: Data were obtained on 33,392 career development awards from 2013 to 2022. We examined the number of awards each year averaged for 46 non-psychiatry departments, and for departments of psychiatry, the number of awards to all faculty, physicians, and physicians without a PhD. Linear regressions determined whether number of career development awards increased with time and if estimated slopes differed between faculty in non-psychiatry departments and other groups., Results: In departments of psychiatry, 534 faculty received an NIH individual career development award during the 10-year period (534/33,392 or 1.6%), with 118 (22%) to physicians. The number of awards increased significantly over time for other departments and departments of psychiatry (estimated slopes of 3.05 and 2.38, respectively) and did not differ from one another. However, the number of awards to physicians and physicians without a PhD in departments of psychiatry (estimated slopes of 0.51 and - 0.07, respectively) have not increased. This lack of growth in awards for physicians and physicians without a PhD in departments of psychiatry differed significantly in comparison with the increase shown in awards to other departments over time (both p < 0.001)., Conclusions: The number of NIH career development awards has increased NIH-wide, and for non-physician faculty but not for physicians in departments of psychiatry. These trends raise concerns for the future of psychiatrists in academic research., Competing Interests: Declarations. Disclosures: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Academic Psychiatry, LLC.) more...

Aseptic filling of biopharmaceutical products requires a grade A cleanroom environment, preferably ensured by isolators in grade C surroundings. Isolators are decontaminated before the start of filling processes using vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) and filling starts at pre-defined residual VHP levels (e.g., below 0.5 ppm) depending on product sensitivity towards VHP oxidation. Manufacturing equipment and consumables, including filling assemblies, are exposed to VHP during or after the decontamination cycle or after line interruptions. We studied the VHP uptake by tubing in a lab-scale model isolator to evaluate the impact of tubing properties including contact material, tubing dimensions, suppliers, and VHP exposure (concentration and exposure time). Quantifying the release of H 2 O 2 from the tubing into solution using an Amplex Red Hydrogen Peroxide Assay, showed that H 2 O 2 concentrations decreased linearly with an increase in wall thickness and increased with higher surface to volume ratio. We further conclude that thermoplastic elastomer and thermoplastic vulcanizate tubing did not show any measurable VHP uptake for the tested conditions, whereas significant VHP uptake occurred in different platinum cured silicone tubing depending on tubing material and supplier. We further verified the results in a GMP manufacturing isolator setting. Based on our findings, we recommend to evaluate VHP uptake of filling tubing used for fill-finish manufacturing in isolators, to reduce the risk of oxidation for active pharmaceutical ingredients or excipients., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...

The microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technique has high potential in the development of bio-concrete, enhancing the strength, durability, and self-healing properties of construction materials. In this review work, we have explored the crucial role of microorganisms in carbon sequestration, microbial methods in CaCO 3 synthesis, and the application of bio-concrete formation, based on the SCOPUS database from 2010 to 2024. The production of construction materials consumes a significant amount of energy, which can emit high amounts of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into the atmosphere. As a sustainable solution, researchers are working to introduce novel construction biomaterials through MICP, which play a key role in CO 2 sequestration to address this issue. Herein, microorganisms (bacteria) can utilize CO 2 through multiple absorption processes, converting it into value-added compounds or inducing CaCO 3 precipitation. For example, specific bacteria like Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus pasteurii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus megatherium are known for their capability to thrive in alkaline conditions and play a key role in bio-concrete formation. Furthermore, it has been highlighted that the bio-concrete ability to sequester CO 2 through the carbonation process, emphasizes the roles of urease activity and carbonic anhydrase (CA) in bio-concrete. Overall, this paper provides a complete synopsis of recent research on the formation of bio-concrete through MICP and the various elements influencing the technique, including cementation solution, temperature, injection, pH, and bacteria. This suggests that emerging trends in bio-concrete utilization could significantly reduce CO 2 emissions while enhancing the strength of non-reinforced concrete., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...

Introduction: Unplanned, delayed readmissions (>30 ds) following oncologic surgeries can increase mortality and care costs and affect hospital quality indices. However, there is a dearth of literature on rectal cancer surgery. Hence, we aimed to assess the risk factors associated with delayed readmissions following rectal cancer surgery to improve targeted interventions, patient outcomes, and quality indices., Methods: For this case-control study, all adult patients in the US Rectal Cancer Consortium database who underwent surgery and subsequent readmission were included. Multivariable logistic regression described the association of factors associated with delayed readmission. Descriptive statistics were used to ascertain the most common causes of readmission., Results: Of the 1417 patients included in the analysis, 403 (28.4%) patients were readmitted postoperatively. Among these, 101 (25.1%) patients had delayed readmission. The median length of stay for early readmission was significantly longer when compared to delayed readmission (4 versus 2 ds, P < 0.01). American Society of Anesthesiologists-Physical Status score > II [odds ratio = 1.81] was associated with an increased risk of delayed readmissions, while intraoperative pelvic drain placement [odds ratio = 0.57] was associated with a reduced risk. Surgical site infection was the most common cause of delayed (18.4%) and early readmissions (27.4%)., Conclusions: The risk of readmission following surgery for rectal cancer extends beyond the commonly tracked 30 ds, with up to a quarter of readmissions happening more than 30 ds after surgery. Surgical site infection continues to be the leading cause of both early and delayed readmission, underscoring the need to double down on infection prevention bundles., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) serve as a valuable reservoir of multipotent stem cells important in the regulation of bone homeostasis and energy metabolism. Here, we present a protocol for isolating human BMSCs (hBMSCs) and characterizing their cellular metabolism related to hBMSC functional properties. We describe steps for bioenergetics, cell senescence, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), together with description of the data analysis. These assays provide information on hBMSC metabolic status valuable to regenerative medicine and therapeutic applications. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Tencerova et al. 1 ., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...