Search

To determine the distribution of keratometry and corneal astigmatism (CA) and their association with demographic factors, systemic parameters, anthropometric measures, ocular biometric indices, and refractive errors in people aged 60 years and above. In this cross-sectional study, 160 clusters were randomly selected from Tehran city (Iran) using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. All participants underwent optometric examinations including testing uncorrected and best-corrected distance visual acuity, non-cycloplegic autorefraction, and subjective refraction. Pentacam imaging for all participants was carried out using Pentacam AXL. Keratometry and CA were reported based on Pentacam's data. The average, standard deviation (SD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of flat keratometry (Kf), steep keratometry (Ks), mean keratometry (mean K), and CA were 44.02 ± 1.58 D (95% CI 43.94-44.1), 44.86 ± 1.67 D (95% CI 44.78-44.94), 44.44 ± 1.58 D (95% CI 44.36-44.52), and 0.84 ± 0.74 D (95% CI 0.81-0.87), respectively. The 95% and 99% percentiles of mean K were 47.1 and 48.6 D, respectively. According to the multiple generalized estimating equation model, the mean K was significantly higher in males, in myopes, and in those with higher systolic blood pressure. Moreover, the mean K was inversely related to the axial length, height, anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal diameter, and central corneal thickness (CCT). The prevalence of various types of CA based on a cut-off > 0.50 D was as follows; with-the-rule: 32.5% (95% CI 30.6-34.4), against-the-rule: 18.2% (95% CI 16.7-19.7), and oblique: 10.0% (95% CI 9.1-11.0). The present study investigated the normal distribution of keratometry and CA in individuals ≥ 60 years, and results can be used in clinical matters, especially in intraocular lens power calculation. Sex, systolic blood pressure, height, and some biometric components such as ACD, corneal diameter, and CCT were significantly related to keratometry and should be considered., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Corneal abnormalities are one of the important reasons for visual impairment. There is little evidence of the prevalence of different types of corneal abnormalities. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of various corneal abnormalities and identify the key risk factors associated with these abnormalities in an elderly population residing in Tehran., Methods: The Tehran Geriatric Eye Study (TGES) was conducted as a cross-sectional study, utilizing a population-based approach and employing stratified cluster random sampling. The study focused on individuals aged 60 years and above residing in Tehran. An ophthalmologist performed a slit lamp examination to evaluate the eyelid, cornea, and crystalline lens., Results: The prevalence of posterior embryotoxon (PE), punctate epithelial defect (PED), pigment on endothelium (POE), corneal dystrophy (CDys), corneal vascularization (CV), and corneal degeneration (CDeg) were estimated to be 0.08% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02 to 0.40), 8.77% (95% CI: 6.64 to 11.51), 0.57% (95% CI: 0.33 to 0.98), 0.53% (95% CI: 0.33 to 0.82), 0.95% (95% CI: 0.60 to 1.52), and 44.87% (95% CI: 41.80 to 47.98), respectively. Overall, approximately 49.08% of the participants exhibited some form of corneal abnormality in at least one eye. The multiple logistic regression model revealed that increasing age was significantly associated with PED, CV, and CD. Furthermore, illiterate participants had a significantly higher prevalence of PE., Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that approximately half of the elderly population aged 60 years and above in Tehran have at least one corneal abnormality, with corneal degeneration being the most prevalent. Age was identified as the primary determinant of corneal abnormalities., (© 2024 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)

Aim: To determine the prevalence of some retinal pathologies in people over 60y and their association with demographic and ocular factors., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran using multistage cluster sampling. After selecting subjects aged 60 and over, optometric, and ophthalmic examinations were done. For retinal examination, a 90 D lens was used and indirect ophthalmoscopy was performed after instilling tropicamide drops. Biometry was done using the IOL Master for all participants., Results: Of 3791 people that were invited through cluster sampling, 3310 participated in the study (response rate=82%). The prevalence of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) change, drusen, geographic atrophy (GA), hypertensive retinopathy (HTR), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), choroidal neovascularization (CNV), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), myopic retinopathy (MR), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) was 27.42%, 11.08%, 4.52%, 3.03%, 4.05%, 0.54%, 0.82%, 0.39%, 0.20%, 0.49%, and 0.19%, respectively. After removing the effect of age, the odds of NPDR were 1.68 times higher in women compared to men ( P =0.014). After removing the effect of sex, the odds of drusen, RPE change, GA, CNV, BRVO, and CRVO increased with age., Conclusion: There is a higher prevalence of RPE change, drusen, GA, CNV and a lower prevalence of MR and CRAO in the elderly population of Tehran aged over 60y compared to global average values. Considering the correlation of most of the diseases with age and their effects on vision, attention should be paid to these diseases and the related screening programs to prevent vision impairment., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: Mortazavi A, None; Hashemi A, None; Jamali A, None; Hashemi H, None; Aghamirsalim M, None; Khabazkhoob M, None., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)