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ObjectivesBlood transfusion is an important mode of infectious disease transmission in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study describes a model to determine the prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) and the associated burden of disease.MethodsA five-step model was developed to determine the TTI-related burden of disease measured by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Uganda was selected as the study country.ResultsApproximately 298,266 units of blood were transfused in Uganda in 2019, yielding an estimated TTI incidence of 6,858 new TTIs (2.3% of transfused units) and prevalence of 19,141 TTIs (6.4% of transfused units). The total burden of disease is 2,903 DALYs, consisting of approximately 2,590 years of life lost (YLLs), and 313 years lived with disability (YLDs).ConclusionThe incidence and prevalence of TTIs and the associated burden of disease can be calculated on a local and national level. The model can be applied by health ministries to estimate the impact of TTIs in order to develop blood safety strategies to reduce the burden of disease.

Summary: Background: Severe anaemia is associated with high in-hospital mortality among young children. In malaria-endemic areas, surviving children also have an increased risk of mortality or readmission after hospital discharge. We conducted a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of monthly post-discharge malaria chemoprevention in children recovering from severe anaemia. Methods: This analysis was conducted according to PRISMA-IPD guidelines. We searched multiple databases on Aug 28, 2023, without date or language restrictions, for randomised controlled trials comparing monthly post-discharge malaria chemoprevention with placebo or standard of care among children (aged