Search

The aim of this study was to evaluate the greatest drivers for development of lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) in relation to coronary, precerebral, or cerebral artery disease This prospective study (Malmö Diet and Cancer study) included 26,681 participants. The diagnosis of incident PAD, coronary artery disease (CoAD), atherothrombotic ischemic stroke (IS) free from atrial fibrillation or flutter, and carotid artery disease (CaAD) was validated. A modified Lunn-McNeil competing risk analysis was performed to compare the Hazard Ratio (HR) strength of PAD in relation to CoAD, IS, or CaAD. The estimated population attributable risk fractions (PAF) for each atherosclerotic manifestation were estimated by first fit an age and sex adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression, and then estimate the PAF using the Direct method. Male sex, age, and hypertension were risk factors for development of all atherosclerotic manifestations. Current smoking accounted for 45.6% (95% CI 41.1–47.2), 16.1%, 14.0%, and 23.3% of the risk for development of PAD, CoAD, IS, and CaAD, respectively. Hypertension was more associated with development of PAD than CoAD (p = 0.009). Smoking and diabetes mellitus were positively associated with all four manifestations, but these associations were significantly stronger for PAD than the other three manifestations. Smoking and diabetes mellitus had a larger impact on incident PAD than incident coronary, cerebral or precerebral artery manifestations. Since the lower extremity arteries are the easiest to access and examine, they may be considered as the first arterial bed to examine in patients at increased risk for atherosclerotic manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is life-threatening and difficult to diagnose in time. Unlike many cardiovascular diseases, the association between lifestyle factors such as diet, alcohol consumption, and physical activity and AMI is unknown. Methods: This study is a prospective cohort study with 28,098 middle-aged participants with a mean follow-up time of 23.1 years. Baseline characteristics were obtained with questionnaires regarding physical activity, lifestyle, and diet. The primary endpoint was a diagnosis of AMI identified through the Swedish National Patient Register. Follow-up times were decided by the date of diagnosis, death, or end of follow-up, 2022-12-31. Results: The total number of patients with AMI was 140. Current smoking (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.91–4.79) and those with the highest alcohol consumption (aHR 2.53, 95% CI 1.27–5.03) had a higher risk of developing AMI. Participants with high physical activity, 25.1–50.0 metabolic equivalent task hours per week (MET-h/week), had a lower risk (aHR 0.51, 95% CI 0.27–0.95). Diet quality and dietary components did not affect the risk of AMI. Conclusions: Smoking and higher alcohol consumption were associated with higher risk, while physical activity was associated with lower risk of AMI in this prospective cohort. Diet quality and dietary components were less relevant for the prediction of AMI than these traditional risk factors of atherosclerotic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]