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Background: Leptin (LEP) is an anti-obesity hormone that regulates food intake, energy expenditure, and glucose metabolism. The genetic variants in LEP and the LEP receptor (LEPR) gene may play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. The current study aimed to investigate the association of serum LEP levels, and LEP polymorphisms in LEP (rs7799039, 2548 G/A) with T2DM in Egyptian patients. Methods: A total of 205 subjects were included in the present case-control study, consisting of 100 T2DM patients and 105 healthy controls. The anthropometric, psychometric, and biochemical measurements were taken from all the subjects. The genotyping of LEP gene variants was carried out by polymerase chain reaction TaqMan technology. Serum LEP levels were measured by the ELISA technique. Results: T2DM patients had significantly elevated levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), international normalisation ratio (INR), creatinine, urea, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and significantly decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to healthy subjects. serum LEP levels were significantly decreased p (<0.001) as compared to the control group. LEP gene SNP rs7799039 was associated with an increased diabetic risk with A allele being more frequent in T2DM patients than control subjects. The distribution of the AA genotype and GA genotype of LEP SNP rs7799039 was higher in the diabetic group than control one. In addition, AA + GA genotype carriers had significantly elevated HbA1c, FBS, PPBS, TG, and LDL levels and on the contrary, decreased serum LEP levels compared to GG homozygotes. Conclusion: The genetic polymorphism rs7799039 showed a highly significant correlation with blood LEP. The co-dominant and dominant models of the LEP genetic polymorphism (rs7799039, 2548 G/A) were shown to have a significant correlation with complicated and uncomplicated diabetes individuals, but we have found that serum LEP levels were inversely related with control and diabetes patients. A positive significant association was found between LEP genetic polymorphism (rs7799039, 2548 G/A) and serum LEP in patients and controls. LEP levels and its rs7799039 genetic variant may play a vital role in increasing T2DM susceptibility. KEY MESSAGE: The present study revealed a positive significant association between the leptin (LEP) genetic polymorphism rs7799039, fasting blood sugar, and post-prandial blood sugar. LEP levels might be utilised to predict T2DM. The AA genotype of LEP rs7799039, 2548G/A (co-dominant model) raises the risk of diabetes compared to the GA genotype, and the A alle is considered a risk factor OR = 1.66. A positive significant association was found between LEP genetic polymorphism (rs7799039, 2548G/A) and serum LEP in patients and controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer, causing worldwide mortality. Therefore, this study is necessary for continuing research into new effective and safe treatments. Recently, herbal medicines have been used for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-proliferative activity and investigate the mechanisms of hesperidin extract on the non-small lung cancer cells A549 and H460 vs. cisplatin via targeting the miR 34a/PD-L1/NF-κB signalling pathway. Material and methods: To determine the cytotoxic effects of the hesperidin extract on non-small lung cancer cells, sulphorhdamine B assay was performed. To show the inhibition of migration by hesperidin extract, wound healing assay was conducted. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction test was used to quantify the expressions of miR-34a, programmed cell death ligand-1 (PDL-1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and P53 genes, which are involved in apoptosis pathway. Also, cell cycle assay was performed by using a flow cytometer. Results: The hesperidin extract could significantly inhibit proliferation of non-small lung cancer cells A549 and H460. Western blot assay demonstrated that hesperidin induced suppression of nuclear factor κB signalling pathway. The messenger RNA expression levels of MiR-34a and P53 were up-regulated significantly by hesperidin treatment, while the EGFR and P53 genes were down-regulated. The flow cytometer confirmed that cell cycle arrest occurred at the sub-G1 and G2 phases in A549 and H460, respectively. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that hesperidin extract could significantly inhibit non-small lung cancer cell growth by induction of the apoptosis signalling pathway. Therefore, hesperidin might open novel strategies for effective and safe cancer treatment and reduce the adverse side effects of several chemotherapeutic treatments such as cisplatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundMethods and resultsConclusionCoronary artery spasm is among the etiology of myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm (CAS). Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an HDL-bound antioxidant enzyme that protects LDL from oxidative modification. Oxidative-stress-related genetic factors and certain polymorphisms in the paraoxonase 1 gene might influence the pathogenesis of CAS. We aimed to investigate the association between PON1 gene polymorphism and its enzymatic activity and coronary artery spasm during cardiac catheterization.The study population was 150 patients who underwent elective coronary angiography. Subjects were genotyped to the Q192R polymorphism (rs662) on the PON1 gene by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and PON1 activity was quantitatively analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results showed that the subjects carrying the RR genotype and R allele were significantly more likely to develop coronary artery spasm (OR=4.2, 2.03, P< 0.006, P˂0.02, respectively). Moreover, serum PON1 levels were significantly decreased (P˂0.001) in the CAS group. RR genotype of PON1 Q192R polymorphism, Tc, LDLc, TG, catheter size, and paroxonase-1 serum level are independent predictors of coronary spasm.We conclude that the PON1 (rs662) gene polymorphism is associated with CAS during cardiac catheterization in Egyptians. The PON1-192R allele and lower serum enzyme concentration may play an important role in coronary spasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer, causing worldwide mortality. Therefore, this study is necessary for continuing research into new effective and safe treatments. Recently, herbal medicines have been used for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-proliferative activity and investigate the mechanisms of hesperidin extract on the non-small lung cancer cells A549 and H460 vs. cisplatin via targeting the miR 34a/PD-L1/NF- κ B signalling pathway., Material and Methods: To determine the cytotoxic effects of the hesperidin extract on non-small lung cancer cells, sulphorhdamine B assay was performed. To show the inhibition of migration by hesperidin extract, wound healing assay was conducted. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction test was used to quantify the expressions of miR-34a , programmed cell death ligand-1 ( PDL-1 ), epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ), and P53 genes, which are involved in apoptosis pathway. Also, cell cycle assay was performed by using a flow cytometer., Results: The hesperidin extract could significantly inhibit proliferation of non-small lung cancer cells A549 and H460. Western blot assay demonstrated that hesperidin induced suppression of nuclear factor κB signalling pathway. The messenger RNA expression levels of MiR-34a and P53 were up-regulated significantly by hesperidin treatment, while the EGFR and P53 genes were down-regulated. The flow cytometer confirmed that cell cycle arrest occurred at the sub-G1 and G2 phases in A549 and H460, respectively., Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that hesperidin extract could significantly inhibit non-small lung cancer cell growth by induction of the apoptosis signalling pathway. Therefore, hesperidin might open novel strategies for effective and safe cancer treatment and reduce the adverse side effects of several chemotherapeutic treatments such as cisplatin., Competing Interests: None., (Copyright © 2024 Termedia.)