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Mohammad Abu Shaphe,1 Mohammed M Alshehri,1 Ramzi Abdu Alajam,1 Bushra Alfaifi,1 Ali Hakamy,2 Monira I Aldhahi,3 Ausaf Ahmad,4 Ashfaque Khan,5 Aafreen,5 Abdur Raheem Khan5 1Department of Physical Therapy, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 2Respiratory Therapy Department, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Community Medicine, Kalyan Singh Government Medical College Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, India; 5Department of Physiotherapy, Integral University, Lucknow, IndiaCorrespondence: Abdur Raheem Khan, Department of Physiotherapy, Integral University, Lucknow, India, Email abdul.fortis@gmail.comBackground: Hypertension (HTN) is prevalent in individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), doubling the risk of developing chronic complications. Despite normal routine checks, many patients with diabetes exhibit abnormal blood pressure (BP) profiles identified by 24-hour ambulatory Blood Pressure monitoring (ABPM). This study aimed to analyse blood pressure variability in patients with diabetes to enhance current knowledge and improve clinical practice.Methods: This cross-sectional study obtained ethical approval from Jazan University and involved 58 patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) who adhered to the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Comprehensive clinical and laboratory data, including demographic, clinical, and essential laboratory parameters, were collected using a standardized form. Blood Pressure (BP) was meticulously monitored using the Sun Tech Oscar 2 ABPMR device, with measurements commencing between 8 am and 10 am, extending over 24 hours. The study calculated averages and evaluated systolic and diastolic percentage dipping during 24-hour, daytime, and night-time intervals. Participants classified as “dippers” experienced a BP reductions of at least 10%.Results: Fifty-eight normotensive T2DM patients, with a mean age of 45.51 ± 6.7 years, were monitored over 24 months. Among the 58 individuals assessed using ABPM, a non-dipping pattern was observed in 45 participants (77.58%), whereas 13 (22.41%) exhibited a dipping pattern. Postprandial and fasting blood sugar levels were distinct; the dipper group demonstrated better post-meal glucose control (p=0.02), whereas the non-dipper group had superior fasting glucose control (p=0.04). The dipper group showed a higher 24-hour average systolic BP (p=0.00) and increased dipping percentages for systolic and diastolic BP during sleep.Conclusion: Over 77% of ABPM-evaluated individuals showed non-dipping patterns, with a higher BMI being strongly associated. Laboratory findings revealed distinct variations in the postprandial and fasting blood sugar levels, suggesting a potential genetic predisposition.Keywords: hypertension, T2DM, ABPM, cardiovascular, haemodynamic

We describe and assess the efficiency of a novel technique of placing implantable collamer lens (ICL) footplates in the sulcus in poorly dilated pupils utilizing perioptic holes and two instruments simultaneously (Sinskey hook and ICL manipulator). Twelve eyes of 10 patients underwent ICL implantation through this technique. The technique employs a bimanual approach engaging perioptic holes in the eyes with intraoperative miosis. Perioptic holes were engaged with a Sinskey hook and pulled slightly back, while the footplates were tucked under the iris by using an ICL manipulator. All patients had uneventful surgery. At 1 week follow-up, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) was −0.01 ± 0.04 logMAR with a mean vault of 606.17 ± 108.33 microns. No complications were noted. However, too small a pupil is a limiting factor; this technique can be of use in up to mid-dilated pupils. Bimanual placement of haptics of ICL may represent a safe and effective technique in insufficient mydriasis or intraoperative pupillary miosis.

Adel Alshahrani,1 Hussain Saleh H Ghulam,1 Raee S Alqhtani,1 Yousef Hamad Hassan Al Sharyah,1 Hashim Ahmed,1 Aafreen Aafreen,2 Abdur Raheem Khan,2 Ashfaque Khan,2 Ausaf Ahmad3 1Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences-Physiotherapy Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 55461, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Physiotherapy, Integral University, Lucknow, India; 3Department of Community Medicine, IIMSR, Integral University, Lucknow, IndiaCorrespondence: Abdur Raheem Khan, Department of Physiotherapy, Integral University, Lucknow, India, Tel +9616739965, Email abdul.fortis@gmail.comPurpose: Prolonged sitting during driving is linked to neck pain, uncomfortable body positions, and repetitive motions. Recognizing these challenges, this study aimed to investigate Cervical Health Parameters in Car Drivers.Methods: The sample consisted of 160 car drivers between 25 and 45 years. This subject was then divided into two groups based on neck pain. Participants met the required criteria, such as being between 25– 45 years of age, maintaining a BMI of 18– 24, and driving for at least 2 hours each day for at least 3– 5 years. To evaluate the results, we employed a clinometer and compass app on a smartphone to measure the Cervical Range of Motion (CROM). We used Surgimap software to estimate the Craniovertebral Angle (CVA), and a (Cervical range of motion) CROM device was used for proprioception assessment.Results: The result shows the participants in neck pain group displayed lower Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) values than without neck Pain Group. Similarly, the Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) was smaller in the neck Pain Group (mean difference of − 6.3°), indicating a more forward head posture. Neck pain resulted in a mean difference of − 4.5° in proprioception accuracy. This indicates that neck pain affects CROM, CVA, and proprioception in car drivers.Conclusion: Car driving significantly impacts cervical parameters in individuals with neck pain, reducing cervical range of motion, altered craniovertebral angle, and diminished proprioceptive accuracy. These findings emphasize the need for ergonomic interventions and proprioceptive training tailored for drivers. Future research should broaden demographic parameters and consider potential confounders to provide a holistic understanding of the relationship between car driving and neck health.Keywords: car driving, cervical range of motion, craniovertebral angle, proprioception, neck pain

IntroductionMechanical neck pain has become prevalent among computer professionals possibly because of prolonged computer use. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between neck pain intensity, anthropometric metrics, cervical range of motion, and related disabilities using advanced machine learning techniques.MethodThis study involved 75 computer professionals, comprising 27 men and 48 women, aged between 25 and 44 years, all of whom reported neck pain following extended computer sessions. The study utilized various tools, including the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain measurement, anthropometric tools for body metrics, a Universal Goniometer for cervical ROM, and the Neck Disability Index (NDI). For data analysis, the study employed SPSS (v16.0) for basic statistics and a suite of machine-learning algorithms to discern feature importance. The capability of the kNN algorithm is evaluated using its confusion matrix.ResultsThe “NDI Score (%)” consistently emerged as the most significant feature across various algorithms, while metrics like age and computer usage hours varied in their rankings. Anthropometric results, such as BMI and body circumference, did not maintain consistent ranks across algorithms. The confusion matrix notably demonstrated its classification process for different VAS scores (mild, moderate, and severe). The findings indicated that 56% of the pain intensity, as measured by the VAS, could be accurately predicted by the dataset.DiscussionMachine learning clarifies the system dynamics of neck pain among computer professionals and highlights the need for different algorithms to gain a comprehensive understanding. Such insights pave the way for creating tailored ergonomic solutions and health campaigns for this population.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the prevalence of Forward Head Posture (FHP) in car and bike drivers, and its potential correlation with neck and cardiopulmonary parameters.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 400 participants from urban and suburban areas around Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, including 200 car drivers and 200 bike drivers aged 18-65 years with a minimum five-year driving history. Neck health was assessed using measurements such as cervical range of motion and Neck Disability Index (NDI), cardiopulmonary parameters were evaluated through resting heart rate, blood pressure, and pulmonary function tests using the spirometry test, and FHP was assessed using Surgimap application. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 26.0) and included descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test for binary data, and correlation analyses.ResultsThe result show that difference in the mean FHP between car and bike drivers was statistically significant (p = 0.0001), indicating a higher prevalence of FHP among car drivers than among bike drivers. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between FHP and neck health metrics, especially cervical flexion (r = 0.71, pConclusionWe observed a higher incidence of FHP in car drivers, indicating that a prolonged static posture may lead to greater postural deviation than dynamic movement during biking. This association suggests that FHP could have wide-reaching implications for systemic health, beyond musculoskeletal issues. These findings have the potential to influence preventative strategies and interventions aimed at improving the overall health outcomes for drivers.

Introduction: Despite extensive research, comprehensive characterization of leukaemic stem cells (LSC) and information on their immunophenotypic differences from normal haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is lacking. Herein, we attempted to unravel the immunophenotypic (IPT) characteristics and heterogeneity of LSC using multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) and single‐cell sequencing. Materials and Methods: Bone marrow aspirate samples from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) were evaluated using MFC at diagnostic and post induction time points using a single tube‐10‐colour‐panel containing LSC‐associated antibodies CD123, CD45RA, CD44, CD33 and COMPOSITE (CLL‐1, TIM‐3, CD25, CD11b, CD22, CD7, CD56) with backbone markers that is, CD45, CD34, CD38, CD117, sCD3. Single‐cell sequencing of the whole transcriptome was also done in a bone marrow sample. Results: LSCs and HSCs were identified in 225/255 (88.2%) and 183/255 (71.6%) samples, respectively. Significantly higher expression was noted for COMPOSITE, CD45RA, CD123, CD33, and CD44 in LSCs than HSCs (p < 0.0001). On comparing the LSC specific antigen expressions between CD34+ (n = 184) and CD34‐ LSCs (n = 41), no difference was observed between the groups. More than one sub‐population of LSC was demonstrated in 4.4% of cases, which further revealed high concordance between MFC and single cell transcriptomic analysis in one of the cases displaying three LSC subpopulations by both methods. Conclusion: A single tube‐10‐colour MFC panel is proposed as an easy and reproducible tool to identify and discriminate LSCs from HSCs. LSCs display both inter‐ and intra‐sample heterogeneity in terms of antigen expressions, which opens the facets for single cell molecular analysis to elucidate the role of subpopulations of LSCs in AML progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid the rapid advancement of digital technology in India, there is a growing concern regarding data protection and digital privacy. The recent DPDP Act 2023 also reflects the significant emphasis on a robust privacy practice. This paper examines the effectiveness of consent, a crucial principle and a subject of many debates in data privacy regimes. Despite being a cornerstone of privacy regimes globally, the consent-based approach has significant limitations. For instance, its binary character allows for a yes or no response and its inability to guarantee data subjects to make an informed choice. The study is set against the prominent data breaches and the Indian Government’s effort to strengthen data protection measures. The study also examines the theoretical and legal aspects of consent by analysing the fundamental ideas that form the basis of the DPDP Act, 2023, protecting the consent framework. It questions whether the current form of the Act aligns with the landmark Privacy Judgement. It concludes by exploring alternative and more adaptable mechanisms for implementing informational privacy that might effectively address the specific issues in the Indian context while taking inspiration from other jurisdictions like the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dispersion of quantum dots (QDs) in liquid crystal (LC) medium can effectively modify their dielectric and electro-optical properties which can be useful in LC based display as well as non-display applications. Here, we reported the effect of doping of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) on the dielectric properties of a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) material namely ZLI-1565 throughout its nematic and isotropic phases. The dielectric parameters of pure NLC and its composites with PQDs (0.1 wt.%, 0.25 wt.% and 0.5 wt. %) were observed in the frequency range of 20 Hz - 2 MHz. The value of dielectric permittivity (ɛ') and dielectric loss (?") increases in composites as compared to pure NLC in the low frequency region due to the increment in the mobile ion density. The spectral peak of loss factor (tan d) of pure NLC shifts towards the high frequency region with the addition of PQDs. Moreover, the temperature dependent dielectric parameters were also evaluated for pure NLC and 0.25 wt.% PQDs-NLC composite (i.e. optimum concentration). Moreover, the dielectric anisotropy and threshold voltage were also evaluated for pure sample and 0.25 wt.% composite. A point to be noted here that the clearing temperature (TN-I) of 0.25 wt.% composite is reduced by ?4 °C as compared to pure NLC. The results obtained on such PQDs-NLC composites could be utilized in the fabrication of NLC based electrical devices with tunable dielectric features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's health and nutrition are of the utmost importance in India, where numerous nutritional programs and policies focus on them. Globally, women are the primary caretakers of their families, and rural women play a crucial role in sustaining their households by ensuring food and nutrition security, generating income, and improving rural livelihoods and overall well-being. The contribution of women to their societies from pre-natal to postnatal life regarding the growth and nutrition of their children is indisputable. It is crucial to protect women's health and nutritional status to ensure their own well-being, that of their children, their families, and future generations. This literature review offers a comprehensive appraisal of existing research on chronic energy deficiency (CED) among Indian women. The present review comprises 70 publications on the prevalence of undernutrition and body mass index (BMI). The mean weight, height, and BMI of the reviewed studies ranged from a minimum of 39.25 (kg), 147.28 (cm), and 16.2 (kg/m²) to a maximum of 64.0 (kg), 161.0 (cm), and 25.0 (kg/m²), respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of CED ranged from 4.2% (least) to 98% (highest). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mm-wave antenna, consisting of a reflector, a DGS structure, and two superstates using Taconic (CER-10) and silicon, has been presented in this article. In the proposed antenna, a DGS with a reflector and two superstates is implemented to improve the antenna performance characteristics. The designed configuration (ANT-S5) is resonating on four mm-wave bands m1=41.7241GHz (41.1102-42.347) GHz, m2=48.9655GHz (48.637-49.1061) GHz, m3=63.2414GHz (61.142-66.137) GHz, m4=76.069GHz (73.4655-78.859) GHz and the maximum achieved gain is 12.02dBi at the 41.3103GHz along with the AR<3dB bands (76.1777-77.2794) GHz, (69.662-70.509) GHz. The designed antenna has been simulated on HFSS software and is convenient for 5G mm-wave applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]