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Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, el magisterio se convirtió en una opción laboral válida para las mujeres de Montevideo, impulsada por discursos y prácticas promovidas por las autoridades educativas. En un contexto laboral que excluía a las mujeres y las relegaba al trabajo no remunerado doméstico, la feminización del magisterio permitió que algunas mujeres se integraran al mercado laboral como maestras. Sin embargo, sus condiciones laborales estuvieron marcadas por la precariedad e inestabilidad de los ingresos, obligándolas a implementar diversas estrategias para sostener su subsistencia y la de sus familias. Este artículo se propone analizar los argumentos de las autoridades escolares para justificar la participación femenina en el magisterio y la brecha salarial por género, así como las estrategias empleadas por las maestras para enfrentar la inestabilidad económica. La investigación se enmarca en una historia social del trabajo con perspectiva de género, centrándose en las maestras como trabajadoras. A través del análisis de diversas fuentes, se busca responder preguntas sobre los discursos y prácticas que llevaron a la feminización del magisterio, la justificación de la brecha salarial por parte de las autoridades, el impacto de la inestabilidad salarial en las trabajadoras y sus familias, y las estrategias adoptadas por las maestras para contrarrestar la falta de ingresos. También se examina cómo sostuvieron su vida tras alcanzar la jubilación. La historiografía uruguaya ha abordado ampliamente la educación primaria en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, pero ha ignorado las condiciones de vida y trabajo de las maestras. Este estudio dialoga con una historiografía regional que ha problematizado estas cuestiones, explorando las consecuencias de la feminización del magisterio y la condición laboral de las maestras.

El artículo analiza la huelga de albañiles de 1895 en Montevideo, centrada en la reducción de la jornada laboral, reflejando las duras condiciones de trabajo de la época. Montevideo experimentaba un rápido crecimiento urbano y económico, con una clase trabajadora diversa enfrentando largas jornadas, bajos salarios y falta de protección social. Los trabajadores, organizados en “sociedades de resistencia”, buscaron mejorar sus condiciones a través de acciones colectivas. La Sociedad de albañiles lideró la huelga como ejemplo de estas luchas. El artículo explora los métodos de trabajo, las relaciones laborales y las estrategias de organización de los albañiles, destacando la limitada atención historiográfica sobre su historia en el siglo XIX. Se basa en una revisión exhaustiva de la prensa y diversas fuentes para iluminar este período.

Background: Fecal microbiota, live-jslm (RBL; REBYOTA ® ), is the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved, single-dose, rectally administered, microbiota-based live biotherapeutic product for preventing Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) recurrence. Alternative routes of administration are of clinical interest. Objectives: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of RBL administration via colonoscopy. Design: Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records of participants administered RBL via colonoscopy under FDA enforcement discretion. Methods: The number of participants with treatment and/or procedure-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was evaluated. Treatment success and sustained clinical response, defined as the absence of CDI recurrence within 8 weeks and 6 months, respectively, were evaluated. Results: TEAEs were experienced by 75% (6/8) of participants; most were mild to moderate in severity, and none due to RBL or its administration. Most participants had treatment success (80%; 8/10); 75% (6/8) had sustained clinical response. Conclusion: Real-world safety and efficacy of RBL administered via colonoscopy were consistent with clinical trials of rectally administered RBL. Graphical abstract

Background: Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergo the comprehensive stage 2 procedure as the second stage in the hybrid approach toward Fontan circulation. The complexity of comprehensive stage 2 procedure is considered a potential limitation, and limited information is available on its anesthetic management. This study aims to address this gap. Methods: A single‐center retrospective cohort study analyzed 148 HLHS patients who underwent comprehensive stage 2 procedure, divided into Group A (stable condition, n = 116) and Group B (requiring preoperative intravenous inotropic therapy, n = 32). Demographic data, intraoperative hemodynamics, anesthetic management, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Results: Etomidate (40%) was the most common induction agent, followed by esketamine (24%), midazolam (16%), and propofol (13%). Inhaled induction was rarely necessary (2%), occurring only in Group A patients. No statistical differences were found between groups for induction drug choice. Post‐cardiopulmonary bypass management included moderate hypoventilation, inhaled nitric oxide (100%), and hemodynamic support with milrinone (97%) and norepinephrine (77%). Group B patients more frequently required additional levosimendan (20%) and epinephrine (18%). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was necessary in 8 patients (5%) with no between‐group differences. Switching from fentanyl to remifentanil reduced postoperative ventilation time overall. However, Group B experienced significantly longer ventilation (6.3 vs. 3.5 h) and ICU stay (22 vs. 14 days). In‐hospital mortality was 5% overall (Group A: 4%, Group B: 9%). Long‐term survival analysis revealed a significant advantage for Group A. Conclusion: The use of short‐acting opioids and adjusted ventilation modes enables optimal pulmonary blood flow and rapid transition to spontaneous breathing. Differentiated hemodynamic support with milrinone, norepinephrine, supplemented by levosimendan and epinephrine in high‐risk patients, can mitigate the effects on the preoperatively volume‐loaded right ventricle. However, differences in long‐term survival probability were observed between groups. Trial Registration: Local ethics committee, Medical Faculty, Justus‐Liebig‐University‐Giessen (Trial Code Number: 216/14). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anaesthesiologie & Intensivmedizin is the property of DGAI e.V. - Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AbstractThis study explored differences in motivations and barriers for green physical activity (GPA) in a sample of U.S. adults (N = 205). Differences by identity (i.e. gender, sexual identity, disability status, and race/ethnicity) were examined. Participants (33.5 ± 9.2 years, 76.6% female and 7.8% genderqueer/non-conforming, 33.3% LGBTQIA+, 34.1% BIPOC, 10.7% individuals with disabilities) responded to survey measures for motivations/barriers and could provide open-ended motivations/barriers not covered by scales. Genderqueer/non-conforming participants were significantly less motivated by competition/ego, appearance, and others’ expectations (p’s < 0.05). LGBTQIA + participants were overall less motivated to do GPA (p = 0.02). Overall barrier scores were significantly higher for LGBTQIA + participants (p = 0.01) and participants with disabilities (p = 0.02). Qualitative analysis revealed themes outside of the scales for motivators (i.e. GPA integrated into daily life, active citizenship, mental health, and physical activity benefits) and further barriers at all levels (i.e. structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal). Historically excluded groups’ motivators/barriers should be prioritized in GPA-related campaigns and programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The role of selenium in cancer biology remains poorly understood. Our aim was to study the course of selenium serum levels and the use of selenium supplements during breast cancer therapy. (2) Methods: Serum selenium levels, clinical–pathological data, selenium supplementation, and lifestyle factors were monitored quarterly over one year. (3) Results: A total of 110 non-metastatic breast cancer patients were enrolled in the prospective observational “BEGYN-1” study. At baseline, 2.9% of patients were selenium-deficient (<50 ng/mL), 1.9% were overdosed (>120 ng/mL), and 6.4% received substitution. The median selenium level was 81.5 ng/mL and ranged between 78.7 and 84.5 ng/mL within the year. A total of 25.3% of the patients received supplementation, resulting in significantly higher selenium levels (p < 0.05). A total of 8.7–28.6% of the patients using supplements were overdosed. Selenium levels strongly correlated with mushroom consumption (p = 0.003), but no association was found with therapy or clinical characteristics. (4) Conclusions: Although selenium deficiency is rare, serum selenium levels should be assessed in breast cancer patients. Mushrooms and nuts should be preferred over supplements to correct selenium deficiency. Ruling out selenium deficiency helps prevent the risk of selenosis and avoid unnecessary, costly supplementation in patients who are often financially burdened due to their disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fecal microbiota, live-jslm (RBL; REBYOTA®), is the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved, single-dose, rectally administered, microbiota-based live biotherapeutic product for preventing Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) recurrence. Alternative routes of administration are of clinical interest. Objectives: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of RBL administration via colonoscopy. Design: Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records of participants administered RBL via colonoscopy under FDA enforcement discretion. Methods: The number of participants with treatment and/or procedure-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was evaluated. Treatment success and sustained clinical response, defined as the absence of CDI recurrence within 8 weeks and 6 months, respectively, were evaluated. Results: TEAEs were experienced by 75% (6/8) of participants; most were mild to moderate in severity, and none due to RBL or its administration. Most participants had treatment success (80%; 8/10); 75% (6/8) had sustained clinical response. Conclusion: Real-world safety and efficacy of RBL administered via colonoscopy were consistent with clinical trials of rectally administered RBL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case report of a neonate with severe left heart failure after neonatal myocardial infarction. The patient underwent various treatments, including thrombolysis, inotropic therapy, and prostaglandin E1, to stabilize their condition. A hybrid treatment involving stenting of the arterial duct and bilateral pulmonary banding was performed as a bridge to recovery or transplantation. Eventually, the patient received a successful heart transplant after a waiting time of ten months. The case highlights the importance of adjusting therapeutic strategies to maintain sufficient cardiac output and the need to avoid extracorporeal circulation in neonatal heart failure to reduce morbidity and mortality. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Claves. Revista de Historia is the property of Claves. Revista de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)