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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), facilitated by antibiotic consumption, remains one of the biggest threats to global health and food security. The burgeoning AMR has an estimated forecast of 10 million deaths and 100 trillion USD economic losses annually worldwide by 2050 if no urgent actions are taken. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in food animal production plays an expressive role in the AMR crisis. This paper compiles information regarding antibiotics and AMR in animals, animal-derived products, and agriculture-impacted environment. A holistic approach is needed to mitigate the burden of AMR within the context of human-animal-environment. Currently there are few approaches to this problem such as nanotechnology, anaerobic digestion, biochar composting, and alternatives to antibiotic treatments (like herbal plant extracts, probiotics, vaccines, enzymes, and antimicrobial peptides) have been developed. However, there are gaps in knowledge about AMR and areas for improvement are obvious. There is no clear path to put an end to the persistent trends of AMR. Despite the trends for stricter regulation on the use of antibiotics worldwide, they find their way into food animal production, water, and soil as a result of misuses in many countries. We need to acknowledge the antibiotic contamination and/or AMR as a silent pandemic, and we are challenged to adopt a global approach to reducing and improving their use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Despite the rise of robotics and automation in industrial applications, the widespread adoption of collaborative robotics still needs to be improved due to the lack of interoperability between robots and the low adaptability of existing systems. Solving this problem would mean a significant advance in robotics and industrial automation. Under this context, an open-source MultiRobot Framework based on ROS2 was developed in the present research to effectively communicate and coordinate robotics agents and sensors in closed collaborative environments. A simulation-based control and software design was performed using the GAZEBO tool. A centralized architecture was obtained with an autonomous navigation module for the planning and robot routes monitoring, a computer vision module for the location and management of uncertainties, and a task controller module to assign mobilization mission objects. In conclusion, using ROS2 to communicate and coordinate various mechatronic systems effectively results in a robust, flexible, and scalable solution critical to industrial processes.