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The aryl-azaindole-pyrimidine-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (12a–j) were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction between bromo-azaindole-1,3,4-oxadiaole intermediate 10 and various aryl boronic acids (11a–j) by using of Pd(dppf)Cl2 and K2CO3 in 1,4-dioxane/H2O. Here, the Suzuki coupling mechanism starts with the oxidative addition followed by transmetallation and ends with reductive elimination. These derivatives were screened in vitro anticancer applications against four human cancer cell lines including MCF-7, A549, Colo-205, and A2780 by employing of MTT method, the well-known chemotherapeutic agent as etoposide used as positive control. Among them, compound 12a bearing 3,4,5-trimethoxy substituent on the aryl moiety displayed good activity as compared with positive control against MCF-7, A549, Colo-205, and A2780 cell lines with IC50 values of 1.10 ± 0.84 µM, 1.07 ± 0.067 µM, 1.20 ± 0.95 µM, and 1.34 ± 0.66 µM respectively. Compounds 12a and 12b primarily engage in hydrophobic interactions such as pi-pi stacked, amide-pi stacked, pi-alkyl, and alkyl interactions. Specifically, nucleotides DG13, DA12, and arg503 display pi-pi stacked and amide-pi stacked interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future generation of heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs) will combine various radio access technologies for connecting various mobile subscribers (MS) based on the quality of service (QoS) and wireless network parameters, connecting MS to the best possible wireless network (WN) has been a trending research topic in HWNs. Existing resource optimization methods are designed to meet the QoS of network criteria and user preferences are neglected. Very limited work is done for resource optimization considering user preferences. However, these models are designed considering multi-mode terminals (MMTs) running a single service at a time under a low-density network; as a result, cannot be adopted to run multiple services simultaneously and; thus, fail to meet current users' service dynamics requirement. Further, fails to bring good tradeoffs between reducing interference and improving performance. In addressing the research problem this work introduced a hybrid resource optimization strategy (HROS) to reduce interference by establishing channel availability and enhancing resource utilization through game theory. The HROS proves the existence of nash equilibrium (NE) improves throughput by 16.32% and reduces collision by 26.16% over the existing resource optimization-based network selection (RONS) scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a case of a 6-year-old boy with COVID-19 who developed prolonged blistering following erythema multiforme major. The boy presented with fever, pruritic blistering, and oral erosions, and was found to have typical target lesions, palmoplantar, and mucosal involvement. Despite initial treatment with antibiotics, corticosteroids, and acyclovir, the boy experienced a recurrence of blistering, leading to a diagnosis of subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease. The case highlights the potential for COVID-19 to trigger autoimmune responses, such as bullous pemphigoid, in children, emphasizing the importance of considering rare complications in COVID-19 cases with prolonged blistering. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the disruption in the balance between free radical generation and antioxidant defenses, leading to potential tissue damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can interact with biological components, triggering processes like protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, or DNA damage, resulting in the generation of several volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Recently, VOCs provided new insight into cellular metabolism and can serve as potential biomarkers. The objective is to investigate the impact of OS on cell metabolism by analyzing the release or alterations of VOCs in the headspace of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. An OS model in differentiated 3T3-L1 cell lines was constructed using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. The effect of OS on cell metabolism was analyzed by detecting VOCs in the headspace of the cells using solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Our findings indicate that H2O2 concentrations exceeding 300 µM induce significant OS, leading to adipocyte apoptosis, as evidenced by various assays. Of the twenty VOCs identified, ten were upregulated in the cells. VOCs such as diphenyl ether, 1,3,5-trioxane, 5-methyl tridecane, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and 2,4-di-tert-butyl phenol emerged as potential biomarkers for OS. This study demonstrates that elevated OS alters VOC profiles in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, providing insights into the effects of OS on adipose tissue and identifying potential OS biomarkers.

Abstract Recycled engine oil was produced from used engine oil (15W-40) using a combination of MEK and 1-butanol solvents with an activated carbon adsorbent through the adsorption process. The experimental design matrix was prepared using Box-Behnken design (BBD) package within RSM, and recycled engine oil is optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). By varying solvent-to-oil ratio, the temperature and contact duration optimal conditions were identified as a 5.5:1 MEK and 1-butanol solvent-to-oil ratio, 50 min of contact, 42.5 °C, and constant 1 g of activated carbon adsorbent, yielding (65.20%, 65.20%) numerically and experimentally, respectively. Process factors (solvent-to-oil ratio, the temperature, and contact duration) influencing the yield of recycled engine oil are indicated by both contour and surface plots. The characterization of recycled oil indicates that its physiochemical properties, such as density, viscosity, flash point, pour point, and total base number, met the ASTM standards. GC–MS analysis further identified the presence of natural base oil, additives (polymeric, metallic, and non-metallic), and oxidation compounds, indicating the efficacy of the recycling process in recovering valuable components from the used engine oil. Before and after adsorption, FTIR is used to analysis the effect of optimized engine oil adsorption on the activated carbon adsorbent. The recycling method that has been optimized indicates potential for sustainable resource consumption and conservation, which may help the vehicle industry practice environmental stewardship.

This study aimed to enhance the existing vehicle’s structural reaction to a frontal and side impact collision. Energy-absorbing parts, a sturdy frame design, and enhanced crash performance are used to produce improvements based on the outcomes of the current model. When conducting the analysis, 3D modeling is done using CATIA, and FEM analysis is done using LS-DYNA. After adjustment, the ability to stabilize the momentum, the impact force during a crash, and the relation between internal energy and deformation is discussed; in doing so, the impact force is reduced by 7.82% and a 3.52% increment of energy is absorbed during a frontal collision. The side structure of the modified model also provided additional 162 mm space protection for the occupant, a reduction of impact force by 14.4%, and absorbed additional 7.6% energy. The new model generates more moment force that stabilizes fast as compared to the current, and also the relationship between energy absorbed and deformation is seen that with less deformation, the new model absorbs more energy. In conclusion, it can be claimed that the updated model considerably improved the pickup vehicle’s safety and crashworthiness without affecting the vehicle’s weight or appearance.