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1. Enriching GNNs with Text Contextual Representations for Detecting Disinformation Campaigns on Social Media

Author

da Silva, Bruno Croso Cunha, Ferraz, Thomas Palmeira, and Lopes, Roseli De Deus

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Disinformation on social media poses both societal and technical challenges, requiring robust detection systems. While previous studies have integrated textual information into propagation networks, they have yet to fully leverage the advancements in Transformer-based language models for high-quality contextual text representations. This work addresses this gap by incorporating Transformer-based textual features into Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for fake news detection. We demonstrate that contextual text representations enhance GNN performance, achieving 33.8% relative improvement in Macro F1 over models without textual features and 9.3% over static text representations. We further investigate the impact of different feature sources and the effects of noisy data augmentation. We expect our methodology to open avenues for further research, and we made code publicly available., Comment: Work still in progress. Accepted as Extended Abstract Poster at LoG Conference 2024

Published
2024

2. Tilt-to-length coupling in LISA Pathfinder: long-term stability

Author

Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M de Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M-S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Johann, U, Johlander, B, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Killow, C J, Korsakova, N, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, Martino, J, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Sanjuan, J, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P J, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The tilt-to-length coupling during the LISA Pathfinder mission has been numerically and analytically modeled for particular timespans. In this work, we investigate the long-term stability of the coupling coefficients of this noise. We show that they drifted slowly (by 1\,$\mu$m/rad and 6$\times10^{-6}$ in 100 days) and strongly correlated to temperature changes within the satellite (8\,$\mu$m/rad/K and 30$\times10^{-6}$/K). Based on analytical TTL coupling models, we attribute the temperature-driven coupling changes to rotations of the test masses and small distortions in the optical setup. Particularly, we show that LISA Pathfinder's optical baseplate was bent during the cooldown experiment, which started in late 2016 and lasted several months.

Published
2024
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3. Precision measurements of the magnetic parameters of LISA Pathfinder test masses

Author

Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M De Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Korsakova, N, Killow, C J, Liu, L, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martino, J, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Pivato, P, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Sala, L, Serrano, D, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

A precise characterization of the magnetic properties of LISA Pathfinder free falling test-masses is of special interest for future gravitational wave observatory in space. Magnetic forces have an important impact on the instrument sensitivity in the low frequency regime below the millihertz. In this paper we report on the magnetic injection experiments performed throughout LISA Pathfinder operations. We show how these experiments allowed a high precision estimate of the instrument magnetic parameters. The remanent magnetic moment was found to have a modulus of $(0.245\pm0.081)\,\rm{nAm}^2$, the x-component of the background magnetic field within the test masses position was measured to be $(414 \pm 74)$ nT and its gradient had a value of $(-7.4\pm 2.1)\,\mu$T/m. Finally, we also measured the test mass magnetic susceptibility to be $(-3.35\pm0.15)\times$10$^{-5}$ in the low frequency regime. All results are in agreement with on-ground estimates.

Published
2024

4. Magnetic-induced force noise in LISA Pathfinder free-falling test masses

Author

Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M De Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Korsakova, N, Killow, C J, Liu, L, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martino, J, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Pivato, P, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Sala, L, Serrano, D, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

LISA Pathfinder was a mission designed to test key technologies required for gravitational wave detection in space. Magnetically driven forces play a key role in the instrument sensitivity in the low-frequency regime, which corresponds to the measurement band of interest for future space-borne gravitational wave observatories. Magnetic-induced forces couple to the test mass motion, introducing a contribution to the relative acceleration noise between the free falling test masses. In this Letter we present the first complete estimate of this term of the instrument performance model. Our results set the magnetic-induced acceleration noise during the February 2017 noise run of $\rm 0.25_{-0.08}^{+0.15}\,fm\,s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ at 1 mHz and $\rm 1.01_{-0.24}^{+0.73}\, fm\,s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ at 0.1 mHz. We also discuss how the non-stationarities of the interplanetary magnetic field can affect these values during extreme space weather conditions.

Published
2024

6. SSPOT-VR: An Immersive and Affordable Mobile Application for Supporting K-12 Students in Learning Programming Concepts

Author

Gustavo Martins Nunes Avellar, Maria Lydia Fioravanti, William Simao de Deus, Kalinka Regina Lucas Jaquie Castelo Branco, and Ellen Francine Barbosa

Abstract

High-resolution displays on mobile devices, accurate motion sensors, and efficient mobile processors have taken virtual reality (VR), essentially employed in laboratory, to everyday environments, including homes, workplaces, and classrooms. Regarding programming education, it has been investigated in conjunction with various educational strategies, such as block-based programming (BBP), metaphors, and storytelling. However, studies that adopt VR predominantly employ high-end head-mounted displays (HMDs) and powerful computers to deliver interactive and immersive learning experiences. Conversely, investigations involving mobile platforms and low-cost HMDs often lack user interactivity. Towards filling that gap, this study introduces SSPOT-VR (Space Station for Programming Training in Virtual Reality), a cost-effective solution tailored for children and teenagers that integrates interactive methods for the teaching and learning of programming concepts and the simulated experience of an immersive digitally created world. Three surveys, namely S[subscript 1], S[subscript 2] and S[subscript 3], involving SSPOT-VR and K-12 students were conducted. S[subscript 1] and S[subscript 2] focused on user acceptance (n[subscript 1] = 124 and n[subscript 2] = 16 ) and S[subscript 3] centered on knowledge retention (n[subscript 3] = 31 ). The results indicate students are inclined to accept SSPOT-VR as a valuable educational tool, since it effectively facilitates the retention of programming knowledge through its engaging and interactive learning experiences. By choosing more cost-effective equipment, this research supports the existing body of knowledge while also providing a detailed description of how an effective solution is designed, developed, and used. The approach enhances both affordability and potential applications of immersive VR in programming education.

Published
2024
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7. In-depth analysis of LISA Pathfinder performance results: Time evolution, noise projection, physical models, and implications for LISA

Author

Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Chiavegato, V., Cruise, A. M., Bosco, D. Dal, Danzmann, K., Silva, M. De Deus, Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E. D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Giardini, D., Gibert, F., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Hartig, M. S., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Johlander, B., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Lobo, J. A., Lopez-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martın, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martin-Porqueras, F., Martino, J., McNamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Meshksar, N., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Rivas, F., Robertson, D. I., Russano, G., Sala, L., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., Zanoni, C., and Zweifel, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present an in-depth analysis of the LISA Pathfinder differential acceleration performance over the entire course of its science operations, spanning approximately 500 days. We find that: 1) the evolution of the Brownian noise that dominates the acceleration amplitude spectral density (ASD), for frequencies $f\gtrsim 1\,\text{mHz}$, is consistent with the decaying pressure due to the outgassing of a single gaseous species. 2) between $f=36\,\mu\text{Hz}$ and $1\,\text{mHz}$, the acceleration ASD shows a $1/f$ tail in excess of the Brownian noise of almost constant amplitude, with $\simeq 20\%$ fluctuations over a period of a few days, with no particular time pattern over the course of the mission; 3) at the lowest considered frequency of $f=18\,\mu\text{Hz}$, the ASD significantly deviates from the $1/f$ behavior, because of temperature fluctuations that appear to modulate a quasi-static pressure gradient, sustained by the asymmetries of the outgassing pattern. We also present the results of a projection of the observed acceleration noise on the potential sources for which we had either a direct correlation measurement, or a quantitative estimate from dedicated experiments. These sources account for approximately $40\%$ of the noise power in the $1/f$ tail. Finally, we analyze the possible sources of the remaining unexplained fraction, and identify the possible measures that may be taken to keep those under control in LISA.

Published
2024
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8. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT Campaign including a Very High Energy Flaring Episode

Author

Algaba, J. C., Balokovic, M., Chandra, S., Cheong, W. Y., Cui, Y. Z., D'Ammando, F., Falcone, A. D., Ford, N. M., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Gurwell, M. A., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Kerby, S., Kim, J. Y., Kino, M., Kravchenko, E. V., Lee, S. S., Lu, R. S., Markoff, S., Michail, J., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Ripperda, B., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Sheridan, C., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Anantua, R., Asada, K., Azulay, R., Bach, U., Baczko, A. -K., Ball, D., Bandyopadhyay, B., Barrett, J., Bauböck, M., Benson, B. A., Bintley, D., Blackburn, L., Blundell, R., Bouman, K. L., Bower, G. C., Boyce, H., Bremer, M., Brissenden, R., Britzen, S., Broderick, A. E., Broguiere, D., Bronzwaer, T., Bustamante, S., Carlstrom, J. E., Chael, A., Chan, C. -K., Chang, D. O., Chatterjee, K., Chatterjee, S., Chen, M. -T., Chen, Y., Cheng, X., Cho, I., Christian, P., Conroy, N. S., Conway, J. E., Crawford, T. M., Crew, G. B., Cruz-Osorio, A., Dahale, R., Davelaar, J., De Laurentis, M., Deane, R., Dempsey, J., Desvignes, G., Dexter, J., Dhruv, V., Dihingia, I. K., Doeleman, S. S., Dzib, S. A., Eatough, R. P., Emami, R., Falcke, H., Farah, J., Fish, V. L., Fomalont, E., Ford, H. A., Foschi, M., Fraga-Encinas, R., Freeman, W. T., Friberg, P., Fromm, C. M., Fuentes, A., Galison, P., Gammie, C. F., García, R., Gentaz, O., Georgiev, B., Gold, R., Gómez-Ruiz, A. I., Gómez, J. L., Gu, M., Hesper, R., Heumann, D., Ho, L. C., Ho, P., Honma, M., Huang, C. -W. L., Huang, L., Hughes, D. H., Ikeda, S., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., Inoue, M., Issaoun, S., James, D. J., Jannuzi, B. T., Janssen, M., Jeter, B., Jiang, W., Jiménez-Rosales, A., Johnson, M. D., Jones, A. C., Joshi, A. V., Jung, T., Karuppusamy, R., Keating, G. K., Kettenis, M., Kim, D. -J., Kim, J., Koay, J. Y., Kocherlakota, P., Kofuji, Y., Koch, P. M., Koyama, S., Kramer, C., Kramer, J. A., Kramer, M., Krichbaum, T. P., Kuo, C. -Y., La Bella, N., Levis, A., Li, Z., Lico, R., Lindahl, G., Lindqvist, M., Lisakov, M., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liuzzo, E., Lo, W. -P., Lobanov, A. P., Loinard, L., Lonsdale, C. J., Lowitz, A. E., MacDonald, N. R., Mao, J., Marchili, N., Marrone, D. P., Marscher, A. P., Martí-Vidal, I., Matsushita, S., Matthews, L. D., Medeiros, L., Menten, K. M., Mizuno, I., Mizuno, Y., Montgomery, J., Moran, J. M., Moriyama, K., Moscibrodzka, M., Mulaudzi, W., Müller, C., Müller, H., Mus, A., Musoke, G., Myserlis, I., Nagai, H., Nagar, N. M., Nair, D. G., Nakamura, M., Narayanan, G., Natarajan, I., Nathanail, A., Fuentes, S. Navarro, Ni, C., Oh, J., Okino, H., Olivares, H., Oyama, T., Özel, F., Palumbo, D. C. M., Paraschos, G. Filippos, Park, J., Parsons, H., Patel, N., Pen, U. -L., Pesce, D. W., Piétu, V., PopStefanija, A., Porth, O., Prather, B., Psaltis, D., Pu, H. -Y., Rao, R., Rawlings, M. G., Raymond, A. W., Rezzolla, L., Ricarte, A., Roelofs, F., Romero-Cañizales, C., Ros, E., Roshanineshat, A., Rottmann, H., Roy, A. L., Ruiz, I., Ruszczyk, C., Rygl, K. L. J., Sánchez, S., Sánchez-Argüelles, D., Sánchez-Portal, M., Satapathy, K., Savolainen, T., Schloerb, F. P., Schonfeld, J., Schuster, K. -F., Shao, L., Shen, Z., Small, D., Sohn, B. W., SooHoo, J., Salas, L. D. Sosapanta, Souccar, K., Stanway, J. S., Sun, H., Tazaki, F., Tetarenko, A. J., Tiede, P., Tilanus, R. P. J., Titus, M., Toma, K., Torne, P., Toscano, T., Traianou, E., Trent, T., Trippe, S., Turk, M., van Bemmel, I., van Langevelde, H. J., van Rossum, D. R., Vos, J., Wagner, J., Ward-Thompson, D., Wardle, J., Washington, J. E., Weintroub, J., Wharton, R., Wielgus, M., Wiik, K., Witzel, G., Wondrak, M. F., Wong, G. N., Wu, Q., Yadlapalli, N., Yamaguchi, P., Yfantis, A., Yoon, D., Young, A., Younsi, Z., Yu, W., Yuan, F., Yuan, Y. -F., Zensus, J. A., Zhang, S., Zhao, G. -Y., Zhao, S. -S., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bruel, P., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cheung, C. C., Ciprini, S., Orestano, P. Cristarella, Cutini, S., Di Lalla, N., Dinesh, A., Di Venere, L., Domínguez, A., Fegan, S. J., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasbarra, C., Germani, S., Giliberti, M., Grenier, I. A., Hays, E., Horan, D., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Liodakis, I., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Maldera, S., Mazziotta, M. N., Mereu, I., Michelson, P. F., Mirabal, N., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Negro, M., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Persic, M., Rainò, S., Rani, B., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Sánchez-Conde, M., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Torres, D. F., Zaharijas, G., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brown, A., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Czerny, T., Dainotti, M., Dubus, F., Dumm, J., D'Urso, G., Drouhin, A., Durouchoux, P., Fabbian, D., Franczak, D., Funk, M., Gabanyi, J., Gaggero, G., Garcia, N., Geiger, A., Giorgi, M. G., Gleeson, S., Gonzalez, S., Gauthier, G. T., Grasso, P., Hovatta, T., Hyman, J., Kaaret, C., Kirk, D., Lal, S., Lesch, T. M., Lohmann, K., Massaro, C., Mayer, M., Meintjes, P. J., Miral, E., Mirra, A., Neronov, J., Padovani, E., Paccagnella, F., Parisi, E., Piotrowska, A., Pohl, S., Puga, G., Ramirez, L. R., Reville, S., Rowell, D. S., Rudge, M., Rybka, G., Schlenstedt, M. S., Seo, E. S., Svirski, J., Taylor, J. R., Torres, F., Tsujimoto, K., Tosti, F., Volpi, S., Walraven, N. A., Welker, L., Zietkiewicz, M., Abdalla, G., Aleva, C., Benkhali, H. A. Ait, Aldous, M., Amin, M., Aschieri, M. A., de Deus, E., Santos, J. de Los, Fontanot, D., Jorfi, S., Levens, P., Zwart, A. E. E., Oliviero, S., Puglisi, D., Thiel, M., Zaharijas, C., Amaral, F., Boella, L., Holincheck, L., Queiroz, R., Sofue, H., Tellis, G., Wagner, G., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zywucka, N., Abe, S., Abhir, J., Abhishek, A., Acciari, V. A., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Babic, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batkovic, I., Bautista, A., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Bronzini, E., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cifuentes, A., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Escudero, J., Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fröse, S., Fukami, S., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Gradetzke, T., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Günther, P., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hrupec, D., Imazawa, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kayanoki, T., Kerszberg, D., Kluge, G. W., Kobayashi, Y., Kouch, P. M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Laínez, M., Lamastra, A., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Martínez-Chicharro, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., González, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Neustroev, V., Nickel, L., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nikolic, L., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peresano, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Saturni, F. G., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sciaccaluga, A., Silvestri, G., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suutarinen, S., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verna, G., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Acharyya, A., Adams, C. B., Bangale, P., Bartkoske, J. T., Benbow, W., Christiansen, J. L., Duerr, A., Errando, M., Feng, Q., Foote, G. M., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Hanlon, W., Hervet, O., Hinrichs, C. E., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Johnson, M. N., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Kleiner, T. K., Korzoun, N., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., McGrath, C. E., Millard, M. J., Mooney, C. L., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ning, W., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Roache, E., Ryan, J. L., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Splettstoesser, M., Talluri, A. K., Tucci, J. V., Valverde, J., Vassiliev, V. V., Williams, D. A., Wong, S. L., Chen, Z., Cui, L., Hirota, T., Li, B., Li, G., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Ma, J., Niinuma, K., Ro, H., Sakai, N., Sawada-Satoh, S., Wajima, K., Wang, J., Wang, N., Xia, B., Yan, H., Yonekura, Y., Zhang, H., Zhao, R., Zhong, W., group, The Event Horizon Telescope - Multi-wavelength science working, Collaboration, The Event Horizon Telescope, Collaboration, The Fermi Large Area Telescope, Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Collaboration, MAGIC, Collaboration, VERITAS, and Collaboration, EAVN

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The nearby elliptical galaxy M87 contains one of the only two supermassive black holes whose emission surrounding the event horizon has been imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). In 2018, more than two dozen multi-wavelength (MWL) facilities (from radio to gamma-ray energies) took part in the second M87 EHT campaign. The goal of this extensive MWL campaign was to better understand the physics of the accreting black hole M87*, the relationship between the inflow and inner jets, and the high-energy particle acceleration. Understanding the complex astrophysics is also a necessary first step towards performing further tests of general relativity. The MWL campaign took place in April 2018, overlapping with the EHT M87* observations. We present a new, contemporaneous spectral energy distribution (SED) ranging from radio to very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays, as well as details of the individual observations and light curves. We also conduct phenomenological modelling to investigate the basic source properties. We present the first VHE gamma-ray flare from M87 detected since 2010. The flux above 350 GeV has more than doubled within a period of about 36 hours. We find that the X-ray flux is enhanced by about a factor of two compared to 2017, while the radio and millimetre core fluxes are consistent between 2017 and 2018. We detect evidence for a monotonically increasing jet position angle that corresponds to variations in the bright spot of the EHT image. Our results show the value of continued MWL monitoring together with precision imaging for addressing the origins of high-energy particle acceleration. While we cannot currently pinpoint the precise location where such acceleration takes place, the new VHE gamma-ray flare already presents a challenge to simple one-zone leptonic emission model approaches, and emphasises the need for combined image and spectral modelling., Comment: 46 pages, 23 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics on August. 29, 2024

Published
2024

13. Treatment Outcomes for Tuberculosis Infection and Disease Among Persons Deprived of Liberty, Uganda, 2020

Author

Lukoye, Deus, Kalamya, Julius N., Awor, Anna Colletar, Gustavson, Gail, Kabanda, Joseph, Ferroussier-Davis, Odile, Kajoba, Charles, Kanyamibwa, Azaria, Marungu, Leonard, Turyahabwe, Stavia, Muchuro, Simon, Mills, Lisa, Dirlikov, Emilio, and Nelson, Lisa J.

Subjects
Uganda -- Health aspects -- Social aspects, Prisoners -- Health aspects, Tuberculosis -- Drug therapy -- Patient outcomes -- Social aspects, Health, Drug therapy, Social aspects, Patient outcomes, Health aspects
Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge and the most frequent cause of illness and death among persons living with HIV (PLHIV) (1). Globally, TB occurs in congregate settings [...]

Published
2024
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19. Population genomics of Plasmodium ovale species in sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Carey-Ewend, Kelly, Popkin-Hall, Zachary R., Simkin, Alfred, Muller, Meredith, Hennelly, Chris, He, Wenqiao, Moser, Kara A., Gaither, Claudia, Niaré, Karamoko, Aghakanian, Farhang, Feleke, Sindew, Brhane, Bokretsion G., Phanzu, Fernandine, Kashamuka, Melchior Mwandagalirwa, Aydemir, Ozkan, Sutherland, Colin J., Ishengoma, Deus S., Ali, Innocent M., Ngasala, Billy, Kalonji, Albert, Tshefu, Antoinette, Parr, Jonathan B., Bailey, Jeffrey A., Juliano, Jonathan J., and Lin, Jessica T.

Published
2024
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30. High prevalence and risk of malaria among asymptomatic individuals from villages with high prevalence of artemisinin partial resistance in Kyerwa district of Kagera region, north-western Tanzania

Author

Mandai, Salehe S., Francis, Filbert, Challe, Daniel P., Seth, Misago D., Madebe, Rashid A., Petro, Daniel A., Budodo, Rule, Kisambale, Angelina J., Chacha, Gervas A., Moshi, Ramadhan, Mbwambo, Ruth B., Pereus, Dativa, Bakari, Catherine, Aaron, Sijenunu, Mbwambo, Daniel, Lusasi, Abdallah, Kajange, Stella, Lazaro, Samuel, Kapologwe, Ntuli, Mandara, Celine I., and Ishengoma, Deus S.

Published
2024
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36. How different attributes are weighted in professionals’ decision-making in Pediatric Dentistry—a protocol for guiding discrete choice experiment focused on shortening the evidence-based practice implementation for dental care

Author

Machado, Gabriela Manco, Luca, Ana Clara Falabello, Pereira, Renata Paz Leal, Fernandez, Ana Yne, Rodrigues, Lucas Gabriel Santini, Leite, Isabella Petroline, Cenci, Maximiliano Sergio, Cenci, Tatiana Pereira, Santos, Ana Paula Pires, Oliveira, Branca Heloisa, Nadanovsky, Paulo, Lima, Marina Deus Moura, Moura, Marcoeli Silva, Lucena, Edson Hilan Gomes, Lenzi, Tathiane Larissa, Crispim, Ana Carla, Carrer, Fernanda Campos Almeida, Gabriel, Mariana, Lira, Claudia Cazal, Gurgel, Carla Vecchione, Pinheiro, Helder Henrique Costa, Pucca, Gilberto Alfredo, Martins, Fábio Carneiro, Calvasina, Paola Gondim, Tricoli, Maria Fernanda Montezuma, Branco, Camila Menezes Costa Castelo, Freitas, Raiza Dias, Imparato, José Carlos Pettorossi, Raggio, Daniela Prócida, Tedesco, Tamara Kerber, Mendes, Fausto Medeiros, and Braga, Mariana Minatel

Published
2024
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38. Epidemiological, clinical, and genomic landscape of coccidioidomycosis in northeastern Brazil

Author

Eulálio, Kelsen Dantas, Kollath, Daniel R., Martins, Liline Maria Soares, Filho, Antonio de Deus, Cavalcanti, Maria do Amparo Salmito, Moreira, Lucas Machado, Tenório, Bernardo Guerra, Alves, Lucas Gomes de Brito, Yamauchi, Danielle, Barrozo, Ligia Vizeu, Thompson III, George R., Nacher, Mathieu, Stajich, Jason E., Benard, Gil, Bagagli, Eduardo, Felipe, Maria Sueli Soares, Barker, Bridget M., Trilles, Luciana, and Teixeira, Marcus de Melo

Published
2024
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39. Efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in mainland Tanzania, 2019

Author

Ngasala, Billy E., Chiduo, Mercy G., Mmbando, Bruno P., Francis, Filbert T., Bushukatale, Samwel, Makene, Twilumba, Mandara, Celine I., Ishengoma, Deus S., Kamugisha, Erasmus, Ahmed, Maimuna, Mahende, Muhidin K., Kavishe, Reginald A., Muro, Florida, Molteni, Fabrizio, Reaves, Erik, Kitojo, Chonge, Greer, George, Nyinondi, Ssanyu, Kabula, Bilal, Lalji, Shabbir, Chacky, Frank, Njau, Ritha J., Warsame, Marian, and Mohamed, Ally

Published
2024
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40. Plasmodium falciparum pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions among patients enrolled at 100 health facilities throughout Tanzania: February to July 2021

Author

Rogier, Eric, Battle, Nastassia, Bakari, Catherine, Seth, Misago D., Nace, Douglas, Herman, Camelia, Barakoti, Achut, Madebe, Rashid A., Mandara, Celine I., Lyimo, Beatus M., Giesbrecht, David J., Popkin-Hall, Zachary R., Francis, Filbert, Mbwambo, Daniel, Garimo, Issa, Aaron, Sijenunu, Lusasi, Abdallah, Molteni, Fabrizio, Njau, Ritha, Cunningham, Jane A., Lazaro, Samwel, Mohamed, Ally, Juliano, Jonathan J., Bailey, Jeffrey A., Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam, and Ishengoma, Deus S.

Published
2024
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42. The spleen is the graveyard of CD4+ cells in patients with immunological failure of visceral leishmaniasis and AIDS

Author

Reinaldo, Luis Gustavo Cavalcante, Araújo Júnior, Raimundo José Cunha, Diniz, Thiago Melo, Moura, Rafael de Deus, Meneses Filho, Antônio José, Furtado, Caio Victor Verçosa de Macedo, dos Santos, Washington Luis Conrado, Costa, Dorcas Lamounier, Eulálio, Kelsen Dantas, Ferreira, Gabriel R., and Costa, Carlos Henrique Nery

Published
2024
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43. Microsatellites reveal high polymorphism and high potential for use in anti-malarial efficacy studies in areas with different transmission intensities in mainland Tanzania

Author

Ishengoma, Deus S., Mandara, Celine I., Madebe, Rashid A., Warsame, Marian, Ngasala, Billy, Kabanywanyi, Abdunoor M., Mahende, Muhidin K., Kamugisha, Erasmus, Kavishe, Reginald A., Muro, Florida, Mandike, Renata, Mkude, Sigsbert, Chacky, Frank, Njau, Ritha, Martin, Troy, Mohamed, Ally, Bailey, Jeffrey A., and Fola, Abebe A.

Published
2024
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44. Trends of Plasmodium falciparum molecular markers associated with resistance to artemisinins and reduced susceptibility to lumefantrine in Mainland Tanzania from 2016 to 2021

Author

Bakari, Catherine, Mandara, Celine I., Madebe, Rashid A., Seth, Misago D., Ngasala, Billy, Kamugisha, Erasmus, Ahmed, Maimuna, Francis, Filbert, Bushukatale, Samwel, Chiduo, Mercy, Makene, Twilumba, Kabanywanyi, Abdunoor M., Mahende, Muhidin K., Kavishe, Reginald A., Muro, Florida, Mkude, Sigsbert, Mandike, Renata, Molteni, Fabrizio, Chacky, Frank, Bishanga, Dunstan R., Njau, Ritha J. A., Warsame, Marian, Kabula, Bilali, Nyinondi, Ssanyu S., Lucchi, Naomi W., Talundzic, Eldin, Venkatesan, Meera, Moriarty, Leah F., Serbantez, Naomi, Kitojo, Chonge, Reaves, Erik J., Halsey, Eric S., Mohamed, Ally, Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam, and Ishengoma, Deus S.

Published
2024
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45. Green Supply Chain Management Practices towards Sustainable Development: The Case of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies

Author

John M Selestini and Deus P Kabelele

Subjects
green supply chain, supply chain management, sustainable development, Social Sciences
Abstract

The urgent need to address climate change has propelled businesses worldwide to adopt sustainable practices, including the implementation of green supply chains. This study explores the concept of green supply chain management (GSCM) and its adoption in the developing countries context, with a specific focus on Tanzania. Despite the growing awareness of sustainability, the adoption of GSCM practices is still in its nascent stages. Drawing from the Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV) theory, the study identifies key drivers and barriers to the adoption of GSCM practices. While factors like consumer demand, supplier collaboration, and technology innovation positively influence adoption, challenges such as lack of awareness, financial constraints, and weak infrastructure impede progress. The study underlines the importance of targeted interventions to overcome barriers and promote the holistic adoption of GSCM practices. Recommendations include enhancing awareness through training programs, providing financial incentives for SMEs, investing in infrastructure development, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and fostering collaborative partnerships among supply chain stakeholders. By addressing these challenges and implementing the recommended strategies, stakeholders can advance environmental sustainability and resilience within supply chains, contributing to a more sustainable future for all.

Published
2024

46. Managing Public Procurement Practices to Enhance Supply Chain Innovation: Public Procurement as a Policy Tool

Author

John M Selestini and Deus P Kabelele

Subjects
public procurement, supply chain, innovation, Social Sciences
Abstract

Public procurement plays a significant role in driving innovation within supply chains, yet there are substantial challenges hindering its effective utilisation as a policy tool to enhance innovation. This article explores the role of public procurement in promoting innovation among supply chain practitioners, focusing on the context of Tanzania. Findings reveal limited awareness among stakeholders regarding the potential of public procurement to foster innovation, with prevailing perceptions prioritising compliance objectives over innovation promotion. Strategies to promote innovation, such as alternative bidding, are underutilised, and regulatory frameworks often lack support for innovative procurement approaches. Recommendations emerge to address these challenges, including enhancing awareness through capacity-building programs, revising regulatory frameworks to support innovative procurement, addressing budgetary limitations, fostering a culture of innovation within procuring entities, and streamlining procurement processes. Implementing these recommendations can unlock the full potential of public procurement as a driver of innovation, contributing to economic growth and sustainable development.

Published
2024

47. The Effects of Supply Chain Management Practices on Customer Satisfaction: A Case of Brewery Manufacturing Companies in Tanzania

Author

Eunice Frank Nyange and Deus Paul Kabelele

Subjects
strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship management, information sharing, customer satisfaction, Social Sciences
Abstract

In the context of East Africa's competitive landscape, particularly in Tanzania's brewery manufacturing sector, effective supply chain management (SCM) practices are essential for enhancing customer satisfaction. This study investigates the impact of three key SCM practices, strategic supplier partnerships (SSP), customer relationship management (CRM), and information sharing (IS) on customer satisfaction. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 106 employees of Tanzania Breweries Limited through questionnaires and interviews. The results indicate that CRM is the most significant predictor of customer satisfaction, highlighting the necessity of personalized customer interactions and efficient service delivery. Furthermore, both SSP and IS demonstrate considerable positive impacts on customer satisfaction, with effective collaboration with suppliers and timely information exchange contributing to enhanced operational efficiency. Consequently, the study emphasizes the need for breweries to prioritize CRM, foster strategic supplier partnerships, and improve information sharing to meet customer expectations. These insights not only contribute to the theoretical framework of SCM but also offer practical implications for industry practitioners and policymakers aiming to strengthen the manufacturing sector's competitiveness in Tanzania. The study concludes that adopting these SCM practices can significantly improve customer satisfaction, thereby driving loyalty and long-term success in the marketplace.

Published
2024

48. Population genomics of Plasmodium ovale species in sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Kelly Carey-Ewend, Zachary R. Popkin-Hall, Alfred Simkin, Meredith Muller, Chris Hennelly, Wenqiao He, Kara A. Moser, Claudia Gaither, Karamoko Niaré, Farhang Aghakanian, Sindew Feleke, Bokretsion G. Brhane, Fernandine Phanzu, Melchior Mwandagalirwa Kashamuka, Ozkan Aydemir, Colin J. Sutherland, Deus S. Ishengoma, Innocent M. Ali, Billy Ngasala, Albert Kalonji, Antoinette Tshefu, Jonathan B. Parr, Jeffrey A. Bailey, Jonathan J. Juliano, and Jessica T. Lin

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Plasmodium ovale curtisi (Poc) and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri (Pow) are relapsing malaria parasites endemic to Africa and Asia that were previously thought to represent a single species. Amid increasing detection of ovale malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, we present a population genomic study of both species across the continent. We conducted whole-genome sequencing of 25 isolates from Central and East Africa and analyzed them alongside 20 previously published African genomes. Isolates are predominantly monoclonal (43/45), with their genetic similarity aligning with geography. Pow shows lower average nucleotide diversity (1.8×10−4) across the genome compared to Poc (3.0×10−4) (p

Published
2024
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49. Farmer’s literacy and contract farming participation in Tanzania’s cash crops agriculture: application of human capital theory

Author

Finias Dogeje, Deus Ngaruko, and Daniel Mpeta

Subjects
Contract farming, Farmer’s literacy, Contract farming participation, Cash crops, Human capital theory, Tanzania, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Abstract Participation in contract farming has the potential to enhance farmers’ income and livelihoods both in developed and developing countries, yet the influence of literacy levels on such agri-systems remains insufficiently explored. This study investigated the effect of farmers’ literacy and other socio-economic variables on farmers’ engagement in contract farming within Tanzania’s cash crops agriculture, framed within the Human Capital Theory. A cross-sectional study used a closed-ended questionnaire to survey 393 smallholder tea farmers in Mbeya and Njombe regions. Using binary logistic regression, quantitative analysis assessed the null hypothesis that literacy and selected socio-economic variables do not significantly influence contract farming participation. The results reveal that higher farmer literacy levels influence positively and significantly the likelihood of contract farming participation. This finding underscores the relevance of education in contract farming dynamics. Additionally, farmer’s gender and land size found to have a significant positive influence on participation likelihood. Other variables, including income, market information access, farming experience, and technology access, showed a positive but insignificant association with participation, while age had a negative but insignificant effect. These findings suggest that contract farming is influenced by multifaceted factors however, education appears to be a key determinant factor in fostering effective contracts. The government and other stakeholders should thus focus on targeted literacy policy and programs for successful contract farming involvement. Future research may delve into localities nuances, unravelling intricate links between literacy, socio-economic factors, and contract farming dynamics.

Published
2024
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50. Perceptions of the neighbourhood food environment and food insecurity of families with children during the Covid-19 pandemic

Author

Irene Carolina Sousa Justiniano, Matheus Santos Cordeiro, Hillary Nascimento Coletro, Adriana Lúcia Meireles, Raquel de Deus Mendonça, and Mariana Carvalho de Menezes

Subjects
Covid-19, Food insecurity, Food environment, Fruits and vegetables, Ultra-processed foods, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Changes to the food environment during the Covid-19 pandemic significantly influenced food acquisition and consumption, contributing to a higher prevalence of food insecurity. We assessed the perception of the food environment and its association with food insecurity in households of Brazilian schoolchildren during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey between March and May 2021 with adults (n = 475) responsible for purchasing and/or preparing food at the students' homes aged between 6 months and 17 years enrolled in public school from two Brazilian municipalities. We assessed outcomes using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA). We measured perceptions of the food environment by evaluating the perceived availability, price, and quality of fruits and vegetables (FV) and ultra-processed foods (UPF) sold in the neighbourhood. Results The results indicate that 55.1% of respondents experienced mild food insecurity, and 14.5% experienced moderate or severe food insecurity. The perception of the ease of purchase (8.5% vs. 64.2%) and variety (78.9% vs. 57.9%) of UPF was higher at all levels of food security and insecurity compared to the same questions on FV. The level of food insecurity was associated with the perceived price of FV (p

Published
2024
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