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Abstract Deterministic photon sources allow long-term advancements in quantum optics. A single quantum emitter embedded in a photonic resonator or waveguide may be triggered to emit one photon at a time into a desired optical mode. By coherently controlling a single spin in the emitter, multi-photon entanglement can be realized. We demonstrate a deterministic source of three-qubit entanglement based on a single electron spin trapped in a quantum dot embedded in a planar nanophotonic waveguide. We implement nuclear spin narrowing to increase the spin dephasing time to $${T}_{2}^{*}\simeq 33$$ T 2 * ≃ 33 ns, which enables high-fidelity coherent optical spin rotations, and realize a spin-echo pulse sequence for sequential generation of spin-photon and spin-photon-photon entanglement. The emitted photons are highly indistinguishable, which is a key requirement for scalability and enables subsequent photon fusions to realize larger entangled states. This work presents a scalable deterministic source of multi-photon entanglement with a clear pathway for further improvements, offering promising applications in photonic quantum computing or quantum networks.

We propose a type of phase transition in quantum many-body systems that occurs in highly excited quantum many-body scar states while most of the spectrum is largely unaffected. Such scar-state phase transitions can be realized by embedding a matrix product state, known to undergo a phase transition, as a scar state into the thermal spectrum of a parent Hamiltonian. We find numerically that the mechanism for the scar-state phase transition involves the formation or presence of low-entropy states at energies similar to the scar state in the vicinity of the phase transition point.

Abstract Organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (OMIECs) have emerged as promising materials for biological sensing, owing to their electrochemical activity, stability in an aqueous environment, and biocompatibility. Yet, OMIEC‐based sensors rely predominantly on the use of composite matrices to enable stimuli‐responsive functionality, which can exhibit issues with intercomponent interfacing. In this study, an approach is presented for non‐enzymatic glucose detection by harnessing a newly synthesized functionalized monomer, EDOT‐PBA. This monomer integrates electrically conducting and receptor moieties within a single organic component, obviating the need for complex composite preparation. By engineering the conditions for electrodeposition, two distinct polymer film architectures are developed: pristine PEDOT‐PBA and molecularly imprinted PEDOT‐PBA. Both architectures demonstrated proficient glucose binding and signal transduction capabilities. Notably, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) architecture demonstrated faster stabilization upon glucose uptake while it also enabled a lower limit of detection, lower standard deviation, and a broader linear range in the sensor output signal compared to its non‐imprinted counterpart. This material design not only provides a robust and efficient platform for glucose detection but also offers a blueprint for developing selective sensors for a diverse array of target molecules, by tuning the receptor units correspondingly.

Background: Oxygen supplementation is ubiquitous in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute hypoxaemia, but the optimal oxygenation target has not been established. Methods: This was a pre-planned subgroup analysis of the Handling Oxygenation Targets in the ICU (HOT-ICU) trial, which allocated patients with acute hypoxaemia to a lower oxygenation target (partial pressure of arterial oxygen [Pao2] of 8 kPa) vs a higher target (Pao2 of 12 kPa) during ICU admission, for up to 90 days; the allocation was stratified for presence or absence of COPD. Here, we report key outcomes for patients with COPD. Results: The HOT-ICU trial enrolled 2928 patients of whom 563 had COPD; 277 were allocated to the lower and 286 to the higher oxygenation group. After allocation, the median Pao2 was 9.1 kPa (inter-quartile range 8.7–9.9) in the lower group vs 12.1 kPa (11.2–12.9) in the higher group. Data for arterial carbon dioxide (Paco2) were available for 497 patients (88%) with no between-group difference in time-weighted average; median Paco2 6.0 kPa (5.2–7.2) in the lower group vs 6.2 kPa (5.4–7.3) in the higher group. At 90 days, 122/277 patients (44%) in the lower oxygenation group had died vs 132/285 patients (46%) in the higher (relative risk 0.98; 95% confidence interval 0.82–1.17; P=0.67). No statistically significant differences were found in any secondary outcome. Conclusions: In ICU patients with COPD and acute hypoxaemia, a lower vs a higher oxygenation target did not reduce mortality. There were no between-group differences in Paco2 or in secondary outcomes. Clinical trial registration: NCT 03174002, EudraCT number 2017-000632-34.

With our very limited memories, we provide a brief review of Paul Frampton’s memories of the discovery of the Veneziano model, with this indeed being string theory, with Y. Nambu, and, secondly, his 3-3-1 theory. The latter is, indeed, a non-excluded replacement for the Standard Model with triangle anomalies being cancelled, as they must in a truly viable theory. It even needs (essentially) three as the family number! Moreover, primordial black holes as dark matter is mentioned. We end with a review of my own very speculative, utterly recent idea that for the purpose of the classical approximation, we could, using the functional integral as our rudimentary assumption taken over from quantum mechanics, obtain the equations of motion without the, in our opinion, very mysterious imaginary unit i, which usually occurs as a factor in the exponent of the functional integrand, which is this i times the action. The functional integral without the mysterious i leads to the prediction of some of the strongest features in cosmology, and also seems to argue for as few black holes as possible and for the cosmological constant being zero.

Background In older adults, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with several cardiovascular complications. Whether young patients diagnosed with OSA also are at higher risk of developing subsequent cardiovascular disease is uncertain. We aimed to estimate the risk of developing an incident cardiovascular event among young patients diagnosed with OSA. Methods and Results We linked nationwide Danish health registries to identify a cohort of patients aged ≤50 years with OSA using data from 2010 through 2018. Cases without OSA from the general population were matched as controls (1:5). The main outcome was any cardiovascular event (including hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, heart failure, and venous thromboembolism). All‐cause mortality was a secondary outcome. The study included 20 240 patients aged ≤50 years with OSA (19.6% female; mean±SD age 39.9±7.7 years) and 80 314 controls. After 5‐year follow‐up, 31.8% of the patients with OSA developed any cardiovascular event compared with 16.5% of the controls, with a corresponding relative risk (RR) of 1.96 (95% CI, 1.90–2.02). At 5‐year follow‐up, 27.3% of patients with OSA developed incident hypertension compared with 15.0% of the controls (RR, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.78–1.90]). Incident diabetes occurred in 6.8% of the patients with OSA and 1.4% of controls (RR, 5.05 [95% CI, 4.60–5.54]). Conclusions Similar to older adults, young adults with OSA demonstrate increased risk of developing cardiovascular events. To prevent cardiovascular disease progression, accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors, and mortality, risk stratification and prevention strategies should be considered for these patients.

Objective: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a congenital condition affecting 2–3% of all infants. DDH increases the risk of osteoarthritis, is the cause of 30 ​% of all total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in adults

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) affects millions worldwide, leading to pain and reduced quality of life. Conventional treatments often fail to provide adequate relief, necessitating new therapeutic approaches. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of genicular artery embolization (GAE) using permanent microspheres in patients with mild-to-moderate knee OA. In this prospective, single-center study, 17 participants underwent GAE. KOOS (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score), WOMAC (The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index), and IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) scores, along with physical performance tests, medication use, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans, were assessed at baseline and at multiple follow-up points over six months. The primary endpoint, VAS at six months, showed significant improvement (median reduction from 66 mm to 40 mm, p = 0.0004). All pain and function scores, as well as physical performance tests, improved significantly. No clinically relevant changes in medication use or DEXA parameters were observed after six months. Only minor, self-limiting adverse events occurred. This study indicates that GAE is a promising minimally invasive treatment for knee OA, providing significant pain relief and functional improvement. However, further long-term, randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings and establish optimal patient selection criteria.

The solar-type subgiant β Hyi has long been studied as an old analog of the Sun. Although the rotation period has never been measured directly, it was estimated to be near 27 days. As a Southern Hemisphere target, it was not monitored by long-term stellar activity surveys, but archival International Ultraviolet Explorer data revealed a 12 yr activity cycle. Previous ground-based asteroseismology suggested that the star is slightly more massive and substantially larger and older than the Sun, so the similarity of both the rotation rate and the activity cycle period to solar values is perplexing. We use two months of precise time-series photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite to detect solar-like oscillations in β Hyi and determine the fundamental stellar properties from asteroseismic modeling. We also obtain a direct measurement of the rotation period, which was previously estimated from an ultraviolet activity–rotation relation. We then use rotational evolution modeling to predict the rotation period expected from either standard spin-down or weakened magnetic braking (WMB). We conclude that the rotation period of β Hyi is consistent with WMB and that changes in stellar structure on the subgiant branch can reinvigorate the large-scale dynamo and briefly sustain magnetic activity cycles. Our results support the existence of a “born-again” dynamo in evolved subgiants—previously suggested to explain the cycle in 94 Aqr Aa—which can best be understood within the WMB scenario.