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1. Neuromorphic Retina: An FPGA-based Emulator

Author

Phillip, Prince, Nath, Pallab Kumar, Jainwal, Kapil, van Schaik, Andre, and Thakur, Chetan Singh

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing
Abstract

Implementing accurate models of the retina is a challenging task, particularly in the context of creating visual prosthetics and devices. Notwithstanding the presence of diverse artificial renditions of the retina, the imperative task persists to pursue a more realistic model. In this work, we are emulating a neuromorphic retina model on an FPGA. The key feature of this model is its powerful adaptation to luminance and contrast, which allows it to accurately emulate the sensitivity of the biological retina to changes in light levels. Phasic and tonic cells are realizable in the retina in the simplest way possible. Our FPGA implementation of the proposed biologically inspired digital retina, incorporating a receptive field with a center-surround structure, is reconfigurable and can support 128*128 pixel images at a frame rate of 200fps. It consumes 1720 slices, approximately 3.7k Look-Up Tables (LUTs), and Flip-Flops (FFs) on the FPGA. This implementation provides a high-performance, low-power, and small-area solution and could be a significant step forward in the development of biologically plausible retinal prostheses with enhanced information processing capabilities

Published
2025

2. AIOpsLab: A Holistic Framework to Evaluate AI Agents for Enabling Autonomous Clouds

Author

Chen, Yinfang, Shetty, Manish, Somashekar, Gagan, Ma, Minghua, Simmhan, Yogesh, Mace, Jonathan, Bansal, Chetan, Wang, Rujia, and Rajmohan, Saravan

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Computer Science - Multiagent Systems, Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

AI for IT Operations (AIOps) aims to automate complex operational tasks, such as fault localization and root cause analysis, to reduce human workload and minimize customer impact. While traditional DevOps tools and AIOps algorithms often focus on addressing isolated operational tasks, recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and AI agents are revolutionizing AIOps by enabling end-to-end and multitask automation. This paper envisions a future where AI agents autonomously manage operational tasks throughout the entire incident lifecycle, leading to self-healing cloud systems, a paradigm we term AgentOps. Realizing this vision requires a comprehensive framework to guide the design, development, and evaluation of these agents. To this end, we present AIOPSLAB, a framework that not only deploys microservice cloud environments, injects faults, generates workloads, and exports telemetry data but also orchestrates these components and provides interfaces for interacting with and evaluating agents. We discuss the key requirements for such a holistic framework and demonstrate how AIOPSLAB can facilitate the evaluation of next-generation AIOps agents. Through evaluations of state-of-the-art LLM agents within the benchmark created by AIOPSLAB, we provide insights into their capabilities and limitations in handling complex operational tasks in cloud environments.

Published
2025

3. On the Impact of Requirements Smells in Prompts: The Case of Automated Traceability

Author

Vogelsang, Andreas, Korn, Alexander, Broccia, Giovanna, Ferrari, Alessio, Fischbach, Jannik, and Arora, Chetan

Subjects
Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate software artifacts, such as source code, tests, and trace links. Requirements play a central role in shaping the input prompts that guide LLMs, as they are often used as part of the prompts to synthesize the artifacts. However, the impact of requirements formulation on LLM performance remains unclear. In this paper, we investigate the role of requirements smells-indicators of potential issues like ambiguity and inconsistency-when used in prompts for LLMs. We conducted experiments using two LLMs focusing on automated trace link generation between requirements and code. Our results show mixed outcomes: while requirements smells had a small but significant effect when predicting whether a requirement was implemented in a piece of code (i.e., a trace link exists), no significant effect was observed when tracing the requirements with the associated lines of code. These findings suggest that requirements smells can affect LLM performance in certain SE tasks but may not uniformly impact all tasks. We highlight the need for further research to understand these nuances and propose future work toward developing guidelines for mitigating the negative effects of requirements smells in AI-driven SE processes., Comment: Accepted at 2025 IEEE/ACM 47th International Conference on Software Engineering: New Ideas and Emerging Results (ICSE-NIER)

Published
2025

9. Impact of upfront adjuvant chemoradiation on survival in patients with molecularly defined oligodendroglioma: the benefits of PCV over TMZ

Author

Rincon-Torroella, Jordina, Rakovec, Maureen, Kalluri, Anita L., Jiang, Kelly, Weber-Levine, Carly, Parker, Megan, Raj, Divyaansh, Materi, Josh, Sepehri, Sadra, Ferres, Abel, Schreck, Karisa C., Aldecoa, Iban, Lucas, Calixto-Hope G., Sair, Haris I., Redmond, Kristin J., Holdhoff, Matthias, Weingart, Jon, Brem, Henry, Sánchez, Josep J. González, Ye, Xiaobu, and Bettegowda, Chetan

Published
2025
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12. A Comparative Analysis of Aggregation Methods in Federated Learning on MNIST

Author

Agarwal, Vedik, Chandnani, Chirag Jitendra, Kulkarni, Shlok Chetan, Aren, Aditya, Srinivasan, Kathiravan, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, K, Hemachandran, editor, Rodriguez, Raul Villamarin, editor, Rege, Manjeet, editor, Ade-Ibijola, Abejide, editor, Ong, Kok-Leong, editor, and Piuri, Vincenzo, editor

Published
2025
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13. Acoustic Metamaterials for Noise Control Applications

Author

Singh, Sneha, Pavan, Golakoti, Chalurkar, Chetan, Yadav, Sanjay, Section editor, Agarwal, Ravinder, Section editor, Rab, Shanay, Section editor, Garg, Naveen, editor, Gautam, Chitra, editor, Rab, Shanay, editor, Wan, Meher, editor, Agarwal, Ravinder, editor, and Yadav, Sanjay, editor

Published
2025
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14. Efficient Shortest Path Computation for Electric Vehicles in Time-Dependent Networks

Author

Alam, Faisal, Shen, Bojie, Cheema, Muhammad Aamir, Arora, Chetan, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Chen, Tong, editor, Cao, Yang, editor, Nguyen, Quoc Viet Hung, editor, and Nguyen, Thanh Tam, editor

Published
2025
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15. GaitW: Enhancing Gait Recognition in the Wild Using Dynamic Information

Author

Thapar, Daksh, Chaudhari, Jayesh, Manchanda, Sunny, Nigam, Aditya, Arora, Chetan, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Cho, Minsu, editor, Laptev, Ivan, editor, Tran, Du, editor, Yao, Angela, editor, and Zha, Hongbin, editor

Published
2025
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16. Calibration Transfer via Knowledge Distillation

Author

Hebbalaguppe, Ramya, Baranwal, Mayank, Anand, Kartik, Arora, Chetan, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Cho, Minsu, editor, Laptev, Ivan, editor, Tran, Du, editor, Yao, Angela, editor, and Zha, Hongbin, editor

Published
2025
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17. Multi Criteria Decision Making for Selection of Best Fertilizer: An AHP Approach

Author

Kadlag, Chetan S., Gurav, Jyotiba B., di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Lu, Xinzheng, Series Editor, Pandey, Manish, editor, Jayakumar, K. V., editor, Pal, Manali, editor, and Singh, Vijay P., editor

Published
2025
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19. Accuracy Reconfigurable Carry Bypass Approximate Adder as Co-processor to RISC-V

Author

Sreedharan, Akhilesh, Vudadha, Chetan, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Tan, Kay Chen, Series Editor, Gupta, Anu, editor, Pandey, Jai Gopal, editor, Chaturvedi, Nitin, editor, and Dwivedi, Devesh, editor

Published
2025
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20. Utilizing Big Data Algorithms and Cloud Computing to Establish Centralized Electronic Health Records

Author

Sharma, Khushboo, Saxena, Kumud, Bargavi, Manju, Chaudhary, Chetan, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Tan, Kay Chen, Series Editor, Kumar, Amit, editor, Gunjan, Vinit Kumar, editor, Senatore, Sabrina, editor, and Hu, Yu-Chen, editor

Published
2025
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21. A Comprehensive Analysis of Self-Supervised Transfer Learning Techniques in Medical Image Segmentation

Author

Chaudhary, Chetan, Gill, Amandeep, Saxena, Kumud, Suneetha, K., Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Tan, Kay Chen, Series Editor, Kumar, Amit, editor, Gunjan, Vinit Kumar, editor, Senatore, Sabrina, editor, and Hu, Yu-Chen, editor

Published
2025
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22. Investigating the Benefits of Interoperability in 5G-Enabled Health Care Management Models

Author

Devrani, Rekha, Batra, Raman, Gobi, N., Chaudhary, Chetan, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Tan, Kay Chen, Series Editor, Kumar, Amit, editor, Gunjan, Vinit Kumar, editor, Senatore, Sabrina, editor, and Hu, Yu-Chen, editor

Published
2025
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23. A Comprahensive Analysis of Knowledge Transfer Techniques for Medical Image Segmentation with Deep Learning

Author

Singh, Vishvendra, Jain, Garima, Nidhya, M. S., Chaudhary, Chetan, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Tan, Kay Chen, Series Editor, Kumar, Amit, editor, Gunjan, Vinit Kumar, editor, Senatore, Sabrina, editor, and Hu, Yu-Chen, editor

Published
2025
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25. Mental Health Assessment Using EEG Sensor and Machine Learning

Author

Singh, Man, Vyas, Chetan, Mazumdar, Bireshwar Dass, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Hassanien, Aboul Ella, editor, Anand, Sameer, editor, Jaiswal, Ajay, editor, and Kumar, Prabhat, editor

Published
2025
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26. The visual outcomes and corneal biomechanical properties after PRK and SMILE in low to moderate myopia

Author

Joshi, Shivani, Bari, Aafreen, Shakkarwal, Chetan, Agarwal, Tushar, Dada, Tanuj, Sinha, Rajesh, Titiyal, Jeewan Singh, and Sharma, Namrata

Subjects
Biomechanics -- Research, Lasers in surgery -- Methods -- Patient outcomes -- Comparative analysis, Myopia -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

Purpose: To compare the corneal biomechanical parameters, visual outcome, and epithelial remodeling after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for low to moderate myopia. Design: Prospective, interventional, randomized, comparative study. Methods: Eighty eyes of 40 patients undergoing bilateral SMILE or PRK for low to moderate myopia ( Results: At 6 months follow-up, the corrected distance visual acuity as well as the postoperative spherical equivalent of both the groups were comparable (P = 0.13 and P = 0.32, respectively). The biomechanical parameters like deformation amplitude ratio (P < 0.01), inverse concave radius (P = 0.006), integrated ratio (P < 0.01), stress-strain index (P < 0.01), Ambrosio's relational thickness (ArTH) (P < 0.01), and corneal biomechanical index-laser vision correction (P = 0.02) were altered more in the SMILE group than in the PRK group, while the biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (P = 0.16) was comparable. Epithelial remodeling (P = 0.59), higher-order aberrations (P = 0.53), and stromal keratocyte loss (P = 0.16) in both the groups were comparable. Conclusion: Both SMILE and PRK are comparably effective procedures for correction of low to moderate myopia in terms of visual outcomes; however, the corneal biomechanical stability in PRK is superior than that in SMILE. Keywords: Corneal biomechanics, myopia, PRK, SMILE, Author(s): Shivani Joshi [1]; Aafreen Bari [1]; Chetan Shakkarwal [1]; Tushar Agarwal [1]; Tanuj Dada [1]; Rajesh Sinha [1]; Jeewan Singh Titiyal [1]; Namrata Sharma (corresponding author) [1] There are [...]

Published
2025
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34. Long-term follow-up after lens-sparing vitrectomy for complications of retinopathy of prematurity

Author

Gopal, Lingam, Bhende, Pramod, Rao, Chetan, Sen, Parveen, Sharma, Tarun, and Dasgupta, Debarati

Subjects
Vitrectomy -- Methods -- Patient outcomes, Retrolental fibroplasia -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

Purpose: To report the long-term anatomical and functional results of lens-sparing vitrectomy (LSV) for stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Design: Retrospective study. Methods: This is a study of 23 eyes of 16 patients with stage 4 ROP who underwent lens-sparing vitrectomy at a tertiary care center and had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. The main outcome measures are the retinal status and visual outcome at the final follow-up. Results: After a mean follow-up of 7.36 years, the lenses remained clear in 69.57%; anatomical success in terms of the attached retina was achieved in 19/23 eyes (82.61%) and vision of ≥6/24 was achieved in 8/23 eyes (34.78%), whereas navigational vision (≥1/60) was achieved in 16/23 (69.56%). The mean spherical equivalent was -8.50 + 6.39 diopters. High myopia (≥7 dsph) was noted in 43.47% of patients. The severity of myopia was not related to previous lasers and was less severe in eyes with posterior pole residual folds compared to normalized fundus or eyes with macular drag but no fold. At the final follow-up, 3/16 (18.75%) patients had bilateral blindness due to total retinal detachments and 11/16 (68.75%) had recorded functional vision in one or both eyes, whereas two others could potentially be having vision but could not be evaluated. Conclusions: The long-term results of lens-sparing vitrectomy for stage 4 ROP are favorable with a majority retaining clear lenses and attached retina and two-thirds having functional vision. Keywords: Lens-sparing vitrectomy, retinal detachment, retinopathy of prematurity, Author(s): Lingam Gopal (corresponding author) [1,2]; Pramod Bhende [1]; Chetan Rao [1]; Parveen Sen [1]; Tarun Sharma [3]; Debarati Dasgupta [1] Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vaso-proliferative retinal disease [...]

Published
2025
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36. Stress CMR Perfusion Imaging in the Medicare-Eligible Population: Insights From the SPINS Study

Author

Ge, Yin, Antiochos, Panagiotis, Bernhard, Benedikt, Heydari, Bobak, Steel, Kevin, Bingham, Scott, Mikolich, J. Ronald, Arai, Andrew E., Bandettini, W. Patricia, Patel, Amit R., Shanbhag, Sujata M., Farzaneh-Far, Afshin, Heitner, John F., Shenoy, Chetan, Leung, Steve W., Gonzalez, Jorge A., Shah, Dipan J., Raman, Subha V., Ferrari, Victor A., Schulz-Menger, Jeanette, Stuber, Matthias, Simonetti, Orlando P., and Kwong, Raymond Y.

Published
2025
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42. Theoretical elucidation of the effect of the linkage and orientation of carbazole and naphthalenediimide on the TADF and RTP propensities.

Author

Saini, Chetan, Gouthaman, Siddan, and Justin Thomas, K. R.

Abstract

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are most promising processes for harvesting triplet excitons in organic light-emitting diodes. In this work, the effect of the linkage between the carbazole (Cz) donor (D) and the naphthalenediimide (NDI) acceptor (A) on the TADF and RTP propensities is elucidated using density functional theory computations employing D–A, D–A–D, D–π–A, and D–π–A–π–D structural designs. The effects of the dihedral angle between the donor and acceptor units on the energy difference between the singlet and triplet excited states (ΔEST), the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) constants, and radiative (kr), intersystem crossing (kISC) and reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC) rates are unravelled. The molecules possessing a direct linkage between Cz and NDI exhibit large ΔEST values due to substantial overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). However, the insertion of a phenyl spacer between the Cz and NDI units led to disjoint HOMO and LUMO and consequently resulted in a small ΔEST. Furthermore, the presence of two donors with and without a phenyl spacer on NDI resulted in a high-lying triplet state (T2) that is energetically lower than the lowest singlet excited state (S1), hence providing additional channels to the TADF and RTP processes. Also, the orientation of Cz and NDI in the ortho-positions of the phenyl unit resulted in a T1 state with dominant LE character which led to moderate spin–orbit coupling constants and highest kr rates compared to the analogous meta- and para-linked derivatives. Thus, the ortho-derivatives possessed small ΔEST, charge transfer dominated S1, joint holes and electrons for the T1 state, characteristic of local excitation, high SOC, and promising rISC and kr rates. Overall, the phenyl linked derivatives possess TADF characteristics, while the directly linked analogues show RTP propensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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44. Differential encoding of mammalian proprioception by voltage-gated sodium channels.

Author

Espino, Cyrrus M., Nagaraja, Chetan, Ortiz, Serena, Dayton, Jacquelyn R., Murali, Akash R., Yanki Ma, Mann, Emari L., Garlapalli, Snigdha, Wohlgemuth, Ross P., Brashear, Sarah E., Smith, Lucas R., Wilkinson, Katherine A., and Griffith, Theanne N.

Abstract

Animals requiring purposeful movement for survival are endowed with mechanoreceptors, called proprioceptors, that provide essential sensory feedback from muscles and joints to spinal cord circuits, which modulates motor output. Despite the essential nature of proprioceptive signaling in daily life, the mechanisms governing proprioceptor activity are poorly understood. Here, we identified nonredundant roles for two voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs), NaV1.1 and NaV1.6, in mammalian proprioception. Deletion of NaV1.6 in somatosensory neurons (NaV1.6cKO mice) causes severe motor deficits accompanied by loss of proprioceptive transmission, which contrasts with our previous findings using similar mouse models to target NaV1.1 (NaV1.1cKO). In NaV1.6cKO animals, we observed impairments in proprioceptor end-organ structure and a marked reduction in skeletal muscle myofiber size that were absent in NaV1.1cKO mice. We attribute the differential contributions of NaV1.1 and NaV1.6 to distinct cellular localization patterns. Collectively, we provide evidence that NaVs uniquely shape neural signaling within a somatosensory modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025

45. Mechanical Thrombectomy Access Score: A Systematic Review and Modified Delphi of Global Barriers to Endovascular Therapy.

Author

Aroor, Sushanth R., Zevallos, Cynthia B., Asif, Kaiz S., Singh, Nishita, Potter-Vig, Jennifer, Rodriguez-Calienes, Aaron, Menon, Bijoy K., Ganesh, Aravind, Saver, Jeffrey L., Kamel, Hooman, Alexandrov, Anne W., Jauch, Edward C., Miao, Zhongrong, Huo, Xiaochuan, Ramakrishnan, Pankajavalli, Desai, Shashvat M., Limaye, Kaustubh, El-Ghanem, Mohammad, Toth, Gabor, and Rao, Chetan V.

Published
2025
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46. Characteristics and outcomes of people in suicidal crisis at two emergency departments: a service evaluation.

Author

Anstee, Lottie, Richards, Sabrina, Shah, Chetan, Magon, Rakesh, and Zia, Asif

Subjects
EVALUATION of medical care, NATIONAL health services, NURSE-patient relationships, SUICIDAL ideation, CRISIS intervention (Mental health services), TREATMENT effectiveness, HOSPITAL emergency services, RETROSPECTIVE studies, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CHI-squared test, SUICIDE prevention, EMERGENCY nursing, MEDICAL records, ACQUISITION of data, RESEARCH, SOCIAL support, EVALUATION, PSYCHOSOCIAL factors
Abstract

Why you should read this article: • To recognise the risk factors and common presentation characteristics of people in suicidal crisis • To be aware of the vulnerability of people in suicidal crisis • To enhance your understanding of how to support people in suicidal crisis. Emergency departments (EDs) provide critical opportunities for nurses to support suicide prevention. This article details a service evaluation that was undertaken to explore the characteristics and outcomes of people in suicidal crisis at two EDs in the East of England during June 2023. Data routinely collected by the ED mental health liaison team were combined with a retrospective case note review of the local NHS mental health trust’s electronic patient records. Attendees had a mean age of 35 years and seven months, and were often diagnosed with depression or emotionally unstable personality disorder. Most had a history of self-harm and were currently known to mental health services. Suicide-specific interventions were rarely recorded by nurses and relapse behaviours were prevalent after presentation. Local and national suicide prevention strategies should encourage nurses to address gaps in support, thereby improving patients’ experiences in and beyond the ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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47. Dicarbatriphyrin(2.1.1) and its Carbacalix[1]Phyrin Analogue: Structure‐Property Relationships and Application as a Fe(III) Chemosensor.

Author

Kayal, Adrija, Ranjan Pradhan, Sourav, Kumar Prasad, Chetan, Das, Mainak, and Srinivasan, A.

Subjects
GAUSSIAN curvature, CRYSTAL structure, PYRROLES, TOPOLOGY, CATIONS, FUNCTIONAL analysis
Abstract

The investigation of unsaturated or π‐conjugated hydrocarbons, particularly within the macrocyclic framework, has garnered significant interest due to their fundamental properties and practical applications. This research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a novel stable dicarbatriphyrin(2.1.1) which was constructed by amending the [14]triphyrin(2.1.1) framework by, replacing two pyrrole rings with meta‐connected phenyl rings and introducing an o‐benzene bridge at the C2 position. The structural modification resulted in a saddle‐shaped macrocyclic core with negative Gaussian curvature, as confirmed by crystal structure analysis. This unique molecular topology offers acumens into the structure‐property relationships in the curved locally π‐conjugated contracted porphyrinoids. The macrocycle exhibits fluorescent emission in solution, which is selectively quenched by Fe(III) ions, highlighting its potential as a chemosensor for Fe(III) cations. Additionally, the formation of carbacalix[1]phyrin(2.1.1), a phlorin analogue of dicarbatriphyrin(2.1.1), which exhibits a chair conformation in contrast to the saddle‐shaped structure of its oxidized counterpart. Remarkably, the emergence of a mono‐pyrrolic calixbenziphyrin marks an unprecedented advancement in the field of calixphyrin chemistry. Moreover, theoretical studies provide strong support for the experimental findings, reinforcing the conclusions drawn from the structural and functional analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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