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This study was conducted to determine the opinions of elementary teachers about the child abuse and neglect education program developed according to the quantum learning model. This study was carried out with the participation of 20 elementary teachers working in the Yozgat province of Turkey. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used together. Within the scope of the quantitative research, the "In-Service Training Programs Evaluation Scale" developed by Tekin and Yaman in 2008 was used. This scale had two factors and 28 items. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale in the original study was 0.95. Within the scope of the qualitative research, open-ended structured questions were asked to determine the opinions of elementary teachers on child abuse and neglect and the quantum learning model. Descriptive statistics and descriptive analysis were used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the opinions of teachers on the in-service training program were positive; they considered the quantum learning model as a physics-related model that developed the student in all aspects; they did not plan to implement the quantum learning model in the classroom; and they found it positive that the quantum learning model and child abuse and neglect were handled together. Teachers also reported that parents should participate in the training program on child abuse and neglect. The teachers acquired the learning outcome "Knows that he/she should call the Alo 183 social support line in case of child abuse and neglect" at the end of the training program. As a result of the study, recommendations were made regarding the nature of the courses to be organized for teachers, the arrangements that can be made in schools for the implementation of the quantum learning model, and the need to organize educational programs for parents.

School burnout is a growing problem among university students. This two-wave longitudinal study examined the mediating effects of academic self-efficacy, grit, and academic resilience in the relationship between academic perfectionism and helicopter parenting, and school burnout in university students based on the "Theory of Self- vs." Externally-Regulated Learning (SRL vs. ERL), and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). A total of 481 college students completed measurements at Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2) (M[subscript age] = 22.2; 61.5% female, 38.5% male). For analysis, the SPSS version 26 and Mplus version 7.0 were used. The results reveal that academic self-efficacy, grit, and academic resilience at Time 2 mediate the relationship between academic perfectionism and helicopter parent attitude at Time 1 and school burnout at Time 2. These findings reveal the key role of self-efficacy, grit, and academic resilience in reducing school burnout.

Abstract Background Chronic Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation has been associated with various cardiovascular alterations, including disruptions in antioxidant defense mechanisms, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of green tea extract (GTE) in mitigating these adverse effects. Methods A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were used in this study and divided into the control group (n = 8), Chronic-REM Sleep Deprivation (CRSD) Group (n = 8) and Chronic-REM SD + Green Tea 200 (CRSD + GTE200) Group (n = 8). After 21 days, a comprehensive analysis of paraoxonase (PON1), arylesterase (ARE), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NOx), proinflammatory cytokines, and lipid profiles in aortic tissue, heart tissue, and serum was conducted in a sleep-deprived rat model. Results Chronic REM sleep deprivation led to a significant reduction in PON1 and ARE levels in aortic (p = 0.046, p = 0.035 respectively) and heart tissues (p = 0.020, p = 0.019 respectively), indicative of compromised antioxidant defenses. MDA levels increased, and NOx levels decreased, suggesting oxidative stress and impaired vascular function. Lipid profile alterations, including increased triglycerides and total cholesterol, were observed in serum. Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) further indicated an inflammatory response (p = 0.007, p = 0.018 respectively). GTE administration demonstrated a protective role, restoring antioxidant enzyme levels, suppressing lipid peroxidation, and improving NOx levels. Conclusion These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of GTE in alleviating the cardiovascular impairments of chronic REM sleep deprivation, emphasizing its candidacy for further clinical exploration as a natural intervention in sleep-related disorders and associated cardiovascular risks.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus (HV) who underwent capsuloplasty and buniectomy with Lindgren-Turan osteotomy. Materials and Methods: The outcomes of 71 patients who underwent Modified Lindgren-Turan procedure were evaluated in the medium and long term. Clinically, assessment was done using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Radiologically, preoperative and postoperative measurements of hallux val-gus angle (HVA), distal metatarsal angle (DMAA), first-second intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and first metatarsal shortening were evaluated using X-ray. Patients with moderate (n=52) and severe (n=19) hallux valgus were divided into two groups. Results: The patients were followed up for an average of 52.76 ± 9.7 months (range: 38-78 months). Patients were divided into two groups: moderate HV (group 1) and severe HV (group 2). In both groups, statistically significant improvements were observed in HVA, IMA, and DMAA values (p < 0.001). There was a shortening observed in the first metatarsal in both groups, but no significant difference was found between the groups (p = 0.342). Clinically, significant improvements were also noted in AOFAS and VAS scores in both groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The Modified Lindgren-Turan osteotomy causes mild shortening of the metatarsal, which does not lead to any compli-cations. With this method, moderate and severe hallux valgus deformities can be corrected, and favorable clinical and radiological outcomes can be achieved.

Abstract Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is the most commonly used effective alkylating drug in cancer treatment, but its use is restricted because its toxic side effect causes testicular toxicity. CTX disrupts the tissue redox and antioxidant balance and the resulting tissue damage causes oxidative stress. In our study based on this problem, kefir against CTX-induced oxidative stress and testicular toxicity were investigated. Rats were divided into 6 groups: control, 150 mg/kg CTX, 5 and 10 mg/kg kefir, 5 and 10 mg/kg kefir + 150 CTX. While the fermented kefirs were mixed and given to the rats for 12 days, CTX was given as a single dose on the 12th day of the experiment. Testis was scored according to spermatid density, giant cell formation, cells shed into tubules, maturation disorder, and atrophy. According to our biochemical findings, the high levels of total oxidant status (TOS), and the low levels of total antioxidant status (TAS) in the CTX group, which are oxidative stress markers, indicate the toxic effect of CTX, while the decrease in TOS levels and the increase in TAS levels in the kefir groups indicate the protective effect of kefir. In the CTX-administered group, tubules with impaired maturation and no spermatids were observed in the transverse section of the testicle, while in the kefir groups, the presence of near-normal tubule structures and tubule lumens despite CTX showed the protective effect of kefir. In our study, it was observed that kefir had a protective and curative effect on CTX-induced toxicity and oxidative stress and could be a strong protector.

Industry 4.0, whose effects have been more and more noticeable in recent years, and the digital change it brings call for a new educational model that aligns university instructional processes and curricula with the demands of business. This approach, known as University 4.0, intends to promote more technology-based applications, the power of innovation, the training of skilled specialists to satisfy industrial needs, and the development of competences that can achieve multidisciplinary projects. It is of utmost importance to adapt late-industrializing nations' educational systems, such as Turkey's, to this change process. The aim of this research, which takes the Turkish context as a reference, is to reveal how the curricula and educational processes of business schools should be shaped with a perspective that takes into account the human resources requirements of industry 4.0. A decision-making technique that integrates QFD, Delphi, and DEMATEL methods was employed in the study. The results clearly show that the most important expectation for social stakeholders is to provide university-industry cooperation. However, some of the most pressing problems include applied learning through collaborative educational experiences, teamwork skills, changing roles and competencies of academics. The findings point out that the educational activities of business schools must be linked with industry expectations through technology-based training activities and teamwork.

The aim of this study was to examine the number sense performance of 8th-grade Turkish students. In this study, the students' performances on number sense were also examined in terms of gender, school location, parents' education level, maths achievement, perceived student satisfaction with the maths teacher, perceived importance of maths and perceived parental support for maths. Participants of this study consisted of 306 eighth-grade students (13- to 14-year-olds) from the western part of Anatolia in Turkey. The data were collected via the 'Number Sense Test (NST)' consisting of 38 multiple-choice questions and six number sense components. Data were analysed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 17.0. The results from this study revealed that most of the students performed poorly on the number sense test and its components. No significant difference was found between female and male performances in number sense, but their performances significantly differed according to school location and parents' education level. The results of this study also indicated that a significant positive correlation was between the number sense performances of students and their maths achievement, perceived student satisfaction with maths teachers, perceived importance of maths and perceived parental support for maths.

Introduction: Contrast nephropathy (CN) is characterized by oxidative stress, vasoconstriction, tubular toxicity, and hypoxia of the renal medulla. We aimed to test the therapeutic effects of an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, GTS-21, in an experimental CN model. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 40) were divided into 4 groups: saline-treated control, GTS-21-treated control, contrast, and GTS-21-treated contrast groups. Starting on the 1st day, GTS-21 (4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or saline was administered twice a day for 3 days. CN was induced on the second day by intravenous injection of indomethacin (10 mg/kg), l-NAME (10 mg/kg), and a contrast agent with high osmolarity (6 mL/kg; Urografin 76%). At the 72nd hour, blood and kidney samples were obtained for the determination of biochemical, histological, and gene expression parameters. Results: Compared to those in control rats, the elevated serum BUN level in the contrast group decreased with GTS-21 treatment, while H&E staining and TUNEL assays showed that contrast-induced renal injury was improved by GTS-21. Moreover, GTS-21 treatment in the CN also increased the antioxidant glutathione level. In the contrast group, a significant increase in IL-6 expression and a decrease in TGF-β expression were observed; however, GTS-21 treatment decreased IL-6 expression and increased TGF-β expression. Conclusion: GTS-21 significantly alleviated renal injury parameters through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms in the CN model.

In the archaeological excavations started in 2006 at Mount Nif (Olympos) in the east of Izmir, within the borders of Kemalpaşa, Torbalı, Buca and Bornova today, the evidence of different productions was found. Especially, data on metal, and agricultural productions are evaluated in detail. Various finds showing that metal was produced in the Antiquity were found with the excavations in Karamattepe, Kemalpaşa, Vişneli. Among the ancient metallurgical activities in Karamattepe, it has become certain that bronze casting, silver separation from ore, iron smelting and iron shaping workshops were carried out. Karamattepe is a unique example in terms of presenting finds related to different metallurgical activities in the same area. Archaeological evidence of this mining and metal production activity, which is understood to have at least two phases, provided us valuable information revealing the nature and history of this settlement between Lydia and Ionia, which is not mentioned in inscriptions and ancient sources. Lacks in the typology and the dating of the products obtained as a result of these metallurgical activities are clarified with Karamattepe finds. Around Mount Nif, the surface finds belonging to the installations showing that olive oil and wine production, were made in Antiquity as well as today. The first evaluations about these show that agricultural production areas are not located in the settlement but a little further outside. Determining the functions and distributions of these agricultural production traces will provide data for studies on understanding the road networks, trade capacity and demography of the region in Antiquity.

Subclinical mastitis is a significant issue in dairy farming due to its impact on milk production and quality, leading to economic losses despite the absence of visible symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the potential use of intramammary hypochlorous acid (HOCl) treatment as a viable substitute to antibiotics for the treatment of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in dairy cows. A total of 232 Holstein–Friesian dairy cows with 928 udder quarters were subjected to the California Mastitis Test (CMT) to identify the SCM. The results indicated that 141 cows had SCM in at least one udder quarter, with a rate of 60.78% in the herd. Among these cows, 259 udder quarters showed varying degrees of CMT–positive. Before the treatment, somatic cell counts (SCC) were determined, and bacterial cultures were performed on randomly selected 74 CMT–positive udder quarters. The HOCl was administered intramammary to these quarters for 5 days immediately after milking. The CMT, SCC, and bacterial culture were repeated on the 3rd and 5th days of the treatment. An increase in SCC was observed on the 3rd and 5th day of the treatment compared to before treatment (P

PurposeGM1-gangliosidosis (GM1) leads to extensive neurodegenerative changes and atrophy that precludes the use of automated MRI segmentation techniques for generating brain volumetrics. We developed a standardized segmentation protocol for brain MRIs of patients with type II GM1 and then assessed the inter- and intra-rater reliability of this methodology. The volumetric data may be used as a biomarker of disease burden and progression, and standardized methodology may support research into the natural history of the disease which is currently lacking in the literature.ApproachTwenty-five brain MRIs were included in this study from 22 type II GM1 patients of which 8 were late-infantile subtype and 14 were juvenile subtype. The following structures were segmented by two rating teams on a slice-by-slice basis: whole brain, ventricles, cerebellum, lentiform nucleus, thalamus, corpus callosum, and caudate nucleus. The inter- and intra-rater reliability of the segmentation method was assessed with an intraclass correlation coefficient as well as Sorensen-Dice and Jaccard coefficients.ResultsBased on the Sorensen-Dice and Jaccard coefficients, the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the segmentation method was significantly better for the juvenile patients compared to late-infantile (p < 0.01). In addition, the agreement between the two rater teams and within themselves can be considered good with all p-values < 0.05.ConclusionsThe standardized segmentation approach described here has good inter- and intra-rater reliability and may provide greater accuracy and reproducibility for neuromorphological studies in this group of patients and help to further expand our understanding of the natural history of this disease.

The purpose of this study is to examine the opinions of mathematics teachers comprehensively about measurement and evaluation. The study was conducted as a case study. The study group consists of 15 volunteer mathematics teachers working in schools in various regions of Turkey in the 2021-2022 academic year. Semi-structured interview method was used to collect research data, and content analysis technique was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that mathematics teachers do not have enough information about the purposes of measurement and evaluation, and they generally think product-oriented. It was determined that teachers mostly use multiple-choice and open-ended questions in written exams and they care most about in-class participation and homework while giving performance grades. Also, it was concluded that the teachers paid attention to one or a few issues in the evaluation of the project assignments and could not make the evaluation completely. It was determined that mathematics teachers used traditional measurement and evaluation techniques and did not have adequate knowledge about alternative measurement and evaluation techniques. Based on the results of the study, various suggestions were made to implementers and researchers.

Ultrasound elastography is a simple non-invasive method for measuring tissue elasticity in relation to tissue fibrosis. The aim of this study was to compare echogenicity, volume and shear wave velocities of undescended vs normally descended testes.