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To address the safety issues of bridge structures affected by local scouring from the Yellow River mudflows, this study employod bidirectional fluid-solid coupling theory and turbulence theory to establish a numerical analysis model for sand-laden mudflow impacting bridge piers, which was validated against experimental data from literature. Based on this, calculations were conducted for three different cross-sectional pillars to assess scouring effects. The results indicate that circular cross-section pillars exhibit better resistance to scouring, making them more suitable for the Yellow River bridge piers, while triangular cross-section pillars demonstrate superior diversion capabilities, rendering them more suitable for abutments. Building upon this, numerical simulations were conducted for circular cross-section bridge piers under four different sediment concentrations. Comparative analysis reveals that as sediment concentration increases, the likelihood of pier scouring by mudflows increases, corroborated by comparisons with impact forces. Moreover, within a certain range of sediment concentrations, the dynamic response of bridge piers increases with sediment concentration; however, beyond this range, the dynamic response sharply declines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]