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Agricultural activities in Japan have been limited to the aging and diminishing labor force, as well as the small plots of cultivated land in mountainous regions. Therefore, smart agriculture has been launched to ensure food security in Japan. A systematic framework has been provided to support the digitization of forestry and aquaculture, including the basic Law and national strategy. Numerous technological innovations have also involved machinery automation, information systems, rural network transformation, agricultural aviation, and plant factories. Modern agriculture has allowed the 1 404 000 core farmers and the majority of the elderly population to achieve nearly 130 million people self-sufficient in the major food. Among them, the Japan Agricultural Association has played a pivotal role in this transformation, covering the various processes at multiple levels and departments. These fundamental facilitates have provided crucial support to implement smart agriculture. This study aims to analyze the trajectory and efficacy of smart agriculture in Japan. The valuable insights were then obtained for the several suggestions. Firstly, it was very necessary to innovate the agricultural system and mechanism, in order to create the channels for the seamless circulation of information, manpower, and resources. The agricultural environment was sustained to leverage the strengths of diverse entities, such as local governments, universities, and enterprises. Long-term empirical research was performed on smart agricultural technology in rural revitalization. These insights should be adapted to the local conditions in the agricultural production, sales, promotion, and management from the Japanese Farmers' Association's experience. The findings can greatly contribute to the revitalization of rural areas in China. In turn, the trajectory of rural modernization can be accelerated to position as a formidable force in the realm of smart agriculture. These lessons can also be incorporated into sustainable and technologically advanced agricultural systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrical contact materials are widely used in various low-volt age switching devices such as electrical switches, relays, contactors and circuit breakers, and their characteristics are of great importance to the switching capacity, reliability, stability and service life of the overall electrical system. The conventional Ag- based contact materials have good performance, but still suffer from defects such as high contact resistance, low interfacial bonding strength, and poor plasticity, and their applications are limited to some extent. Tn recent years, domestic and foreign researchers have reported new group element contact materials such as Ag-Sn()2- Me(), Ag-GNPs, Ag-MAX and Ag-RE on the basis of the traditional Ag-based contact materials. This paper will review the current research status of new Ag-based contact materials in terms of their organization and properties as well as arc erosion performance, and finally summarize the key scientific issues and challenges facing new Ag-based contact materials and look forward to their future development trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, type-Ib diamond single crystals, using two different sizes of synthesis cavities of ϕ15 mm and ϕ30 mm, were synthesized under 5. 7 GPa, 1 560 ~ 1 600 K, and the temperature field distributions of the two sizes of synthesis cavities were studied using finite element method (FEM). Firstly, the temperature field distributions of two different sizes of synthesis cavities were simulated using finite element method. The average radial temperature gradient and average axial temperature gradient of the ϕ15 mm synthesis cavity are 0. 573 and 5. 700 K/mm, respectively. The average radial temperature gradient and average axial temperature gradient of the ϕ30 mm cavity are 0. 093 and 2. 280 K/mm, respectively. The simulation results reveal that the uniformity of the temperature field in the ϕ30 mm synthesis cavity is significantly better than that in the ϕ15 mm synthesis cavity. Secondly, the reproducible growth of high-quality type-Ib diamond large single crystals was achieved using both synthesis cavities mentioned above. The ϕ15 mm synthetic cavity is difficult to achieve the growth of high-quality type-Ib diamond single crystals weighing more than 1. 2 ct (1 ct =0. 2 g), while the ϕ30 mm synthetic cavity is more suitable for the growth of large-size high-quality type-Ib diamond single crystals. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test results show that the surface flatness of high-quality type-Ib diamond single crystals grown using two different sizes of synthesis cavities in this study is good, and the expansion of the synthesis cavity has no significant effect on the crystal quality of Ib diamond single crystal surface. Finally, Raman spectrum test results show that the crystal quality of polycrystalline diamond deteriorates, and other diamond single crystal samples synthesized by two kinds of synthesis cavity in this study have better crystal quality. This research has certain academic reference value for the design of large size synthesis cavity of gem grade diamond single crystal, the growth of large size diamond single crystal, and the perfection of polycrystalline diamond single crystal synthesis technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]