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In the paper, the results of a numerical analysis of KCl and KF particles present in liquid aluminium assimilation to the slag are presented. The authors analysed particle movement in the slag model, which is based on buoyant, capillary, viscosity, Newton and repulsion forces, interfacial tensions at the interface of phases and surface energy during the particle movement through phases boundary. On the basis of the mathematical model, a computer programme was written to make simulations under different conditions. The results of particle position in the slag are presented for different particle radiuses: 1, 5, 10, 20 µm, and constant viscosity of the slag including velocity evolution of the velocity. Another approach was used to indicate the influence of slag viscosity on particle and slag penetration depth. During computations, selected viscosities of slag of 0.0012, 0.0015, 0.0018 [kg/m·s] were taken into account. Different comparisons were made for the chosen particle sizes. Each examination takes into account the impact of the particle type. The results clearly show that for larger particles the penetration depth is greater and viscosity of the slag has an impact on the velocity evolution during assimilation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A facile esterification of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with alcohols has been developed for the synthesis of esters by using bulky N-heterocyclic (NHC) carbene as a metal-free and eco-friendly organocatalyst. This new protocol has been proved to be effective with a wide substrate scope, giving selective esters in yields greater than 84% under mild conditions. Moreover, proposed synthetic strategy enables modification of various types of silsesquioxanes (SQ) which cannot or are technically difficult to be carried out with known protocols. For the first time, a one-pot sequential esterification/hydrosilylation has been successfully carried out.

Celem artykułu jest analiza wybranych aspektów znaczenia muzeum w postrzeganiu i odczuwaniu wspólnotowości (zwłaszcza europejskiej) w obliczu współczesnych przemian instytucji muzealnych. Zasadnicza refleksja odnosi się do problemu wspólnego świata w rozumieniu Hannah Arendt i pojęcia wspólnoty m.in. w duchu Thomasa Stearnsa Eliota oraz do roli społecznej i kulturowej muzeów jako heterotopii w ujęciu Michela Foucaulta i Petera Sloterdijka. Rozważania skoncentrowane są wokół kwestii „różnorodności w jedności” i pytania o to, jak ją zachować w obliczu ogromu i wielości w perspektywie nieskończoności gromadzenia dóbr.

The Tree Packing Conjecture (TPC) by Gyárfás states that any set of trees \(T_2,\dots,T_{n-1}, T_n\) such that \(T_i\) has \(i\) vertices pack into \(K_n\). The conjecture is true for bounded degree trees, but in general, it is widely open. Bollobás proposed a weakening of TPC which states that \(k\) largest trees pack. The latter is true if none tree is a star, but in general, it is known only for \(k=5\). In this paper we prove, among other results, that seven largest trees pack.

The article is dedicated to the architectural works in Viterbo commissioned by the pope Pius II (1458–1464) to prepare the city for the solemnity of Corpus Christi (June 17th 1462). These works will be presented in the context of relations between popes and the capital of Tuscia in the 1450s and 1460s. The aim of the paper is to present their symbolic dimension which was used by the Pope to manifest his domination over Viterbo.

In the paper, the results of a numerical analysis of KCl and KF particles present in liquid aluminium assimilation to the slag are presented. The authors analysed particle movement in the slag model, which is based on buoyant, capillary, viscosity, Newton and repulsion forces, interfacial tensions at the interface of phases and surface energy during the particle movement through phases boundary. On the basis of the mathematical model, a computer programme was written to make simulations under different conditions. The results of particle position in the slag are presented for different particle radiuses: 1, 5, 10, 20 μm, and constant viscosity of the slag including velocity evolution of the velocity. Another approach was used to indicate the influence of slag viscosity on particle and slag penetration depth. During computations, selected viscosities of slag of 0.0012, 0.0015, 0.0018 [kg/m·s] were taken into account. Different comparisons were made for the chosen particle sizes. Each examination takes into account the impact of the particle type. The results clearly show that for larger particles the penetration depth is greater and viscosity of the slag has an impact on the velocity evolution during assimilation process.

The required rail straightness is achieved by straightening with roller straighteners. The consequence of the straightening operation is the introduction of residual stresses to the straightened rail. An excessive level of residual stresses accumulated in the rail during use in the track may lead to its damage or fracture. ArcelorMittal Poland S.A., in cooperation with Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy, carried out a research project (POI R.01.02.00-00-0167/16) the aim of which was to reduce residual stresses in railway rails by changing the technological parameters of the straightening process. The results of the presented study relate to rails 60E1 and 60E2. The study includes the measurement, testing, calculations and analyses of the obtained results. The conducted research indicates the possibility of obtaining a low level of residual stress in the rails for a system consisting of a 7-roller vertical straightener and a 9-roller horizontal straightener by changing the roller settings, the shape of the rollers, the shape of the rail foot and its curvature.

Abstract Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the current standard treatment for strokes in the anterior cerebral circulation (AMT) and has recently been proven to be beneficial in the posterior circulation strokes (PMT). Our study aims to evaluate parameters for favorable outcomes in PMT-patients and to compare the clinical characteristics of individuals who received AMT and PMT. For this purpose, we confronted AMT and PMT-receipients and performed a multivariate regression analysis to assess the influence of factors on favorable outcomes in the study group and in the AMT and PMT subgroups. When analysing 623 MT-patients, those who received PMT had significantly lower admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (9 vs. 13; p

Astaxanthin is an organic fat-soluble compound from the xanthophyll group derived mainly from marine organisms. It has greater antioxidant properties than vitamins e, c and beta-carotene. It may have potential applications in various areas of medicine and dietetics. The safe daily dose appears to be 6-8 mg per day. Its use may be beneficial in cardiology by lowering insulin resistance, improving lipid profile and reducing the extent of myocardial infarction. In addition, it improves cognitive function and has beneficial effects on skin properties such as texture and hydration. Its positive effects on visual acuity have also been proven. Its use can increase fat burning during aerobic exercise and increase physical performance during exercise. Considering the available research results, astaxanthin seems to be a promising supplement with strong antioxidant properties. Most of the studies, however, were conducted on animals and more human studies are needed. The purpose of this work is to summarize the available knowledge regarding this unique substance. The article reviews studies and scientific papers available in PubMed databases on Astaxanthin for the period 2010-2023.

Background: In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 650 million adults worldwide are obese, and 2.8 billion individuals struggle with overweight. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, adverse effects on mental health, the development of certain cancers, and other conditions. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of melatonin, which has therapeutic potential in the treatment of obesity. Studies suggest that melatonin supplementation may lead to weight reduction and improvement in metabolic parameters, significantly reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors, and enhance insulin sensitivity in obese individuals. Aim of study: This review aims to present the latest scientific findings on the impact of melatonin supplementation on the development of obesity and its complications. We focus primarily on the mechanisms of melatonin's action in the context of obesity, particularly on potential pathways that have not yet been thoroughly explored. Our aim is to provide deeper insights into research on obesity and its prevention. Materials and Methods: Search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, utilizing the keywords "obesity," "melatonin," and "weight loss" in various configurations. The review primarily considers studies published after 2016 that are available online. Summary Melatonin supplementation leads to a statistically significant reduction in blood glucose levels and an increase in cellular insulin sensitivity. Its promising properties in the treatment of obesity have been demonstrated through the reduction of oxidative stress, indicating a potential adjunct for weight loss. Based on the cited studies, the beneficial effects of melatonin supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors have been confirmed. Melatonin could be considered as an adjunctive therapy for obese individuals who do not respond to other treatment modalities.

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE: Long non-coding RNAs are key regulators of gene expression and tumorigenesis. Deleted in leukemia 1 (DLEU1) is significant in cancer development. This article reviews DLEU1's role across cancers, assessing its diagnostic and therapeutic potential. METHODS: A review of scientific articles from PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted. DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE: DLEU1 drives tumor growth in glioblastoma, esophageal, colorectal, and oral cancers by interacting with key miRNAs and genes, promoting malignancy. In breast and ovarian cancers, DLEU1 modulates migration and invasion via specific pathways. In cervical cancer, DLEU1 is linked to immune modulation and serves as a prognostic marker. SUMMARY: DLEU1 is a vital regulator in various cancers, offering potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target.

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-strand DNA virus, member of the viral family known as Herpesviridae which is wide-spread. CMV infection is the most common congenital infection worldwide. Disease is mostly asymptomatic for healthy people, therefore is detected late, when the children start presenting symptoms. Unfortunately the congenital CMV infection leads to the serious health problems for infants. Detection of the virus is typically done through quantitative PCR assays. Infection especially affects nervous system and can present infant’s deafness. Earlier it was equivalent with the children being deaf till the end of life, but nowadays thanks to the development of laryngological methods (ex. cochlear implantation) patients have chance to grow up correctly. Material and methods: A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. We searched articles by entering key words in the appropriate configuration: “CMV”, “Congenital CMV infection”, “valganciclovir”, “infant’s deafness”. Scientific articles published between 1991–2023 were analyzed from all over the world and guidelines of Polish Society of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Conclusions: Currently we haven’t got prevention towards congenital CMV, only the treatment for infants: valganciclovir. It stops development of severe symptoms. There are available analysis, where using valganciclovir during pregnancy reduces the possibility or soften the course of the congenital CMV infection , but it’s not the obligatory guidelines. In many countries researchers want to conduct screening test for CMV IgG among the pregnant women.

Introduction and purpose Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease resulting from infection of the endocardium. In addition to cardiac symptoms, frequent complications of IE include various damage to the nervous system. The aim of this study is to describe the current state of knowledge about the neurological complications of infective endocarditis. Methods Medical publications were reviewed using the "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" databases. The obtained results were verified in terms of the following criteria: publication in 2016, retrospective analysis, obtaining 44 papaers covering a total of 8067 patients. The information was supplemented with case reports and meta-analyses. Description of the state of knowledge Neurologic complications occur in 20 to 60% of patients with IE. The most common is ischemic stroke, the symptoms of which may precede the diagnosis of IE. Less common complications that often remain asymptomatic include mycotic aneurysms and intracranial hemorrhages. Infectious material entering the brain may also cause meningitis and brain abscess. However, these complications do not occur often. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head is an effective test for detecting neurological damage in the course of IE. The recommendation for routine use of this test is debatable. In addition to antibiotic therapy, cardiac surgery is used to treat IE to remove bacterial vegetation. Research indicates the high effectiveness of this type of surgery in the prevention and treatment of neurological complications of infective endocarditis.

Background: Kallmann syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia. KS results from abnormalities in the migration of GnRH neurons from the nasal placode to the hypothalamus. The prevalence of KS is estimated to be approximately 1:30,000 in males and 1:125,000 in females. KS manifests at various stages of life, ranging from the neonatal period through adolescence to adulthood. In the neonatal period, boys may present with cryptorchidism and micropenis, while symptoms in girls may be less apparent. During adolescence, patients often experience the absence or incomplete development of secondary sexual characteristics. In adulthood, KS often leads to infertility, cardiovascular issues, and neurological symptoms. Diagnostic methods include olfactory tests and hormonal analysis, assessing levels of gonadotropins, testosterone, LH and FSH. MRI can reveal structural abnormalities in the olfactory system. Aim of study: The goal of this article was to gather information about the Kallmann syndrome, focusing on its epidemiology, etiology, characteristic features, and treatment strategies. Materials and Methods: A review of the literature available in the “PubMed”, Google Scholar and Medline databases. The search was performed by using following keywords: “kallmann syndrome”, “anosmia”, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism”. Results and conclusions: Kallmann syndrome is a complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to diagnosis and treatment. Early identification of the disorder is crucial, allowing for the timely initiation of appropriate hormonal therapy and psychological support, which significantly improves the quality of life for patients. Further research into the genetic and neurobiological mechanisms of KS is essential for the development of more effective therapeutic and diagnostic methods.

Background: This review analyzes current knowledge on the pathophysiology, prevention and art of treatment of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia (known as EPH-gestosis) is nowadays the leading cause of maternal and neonatal mortality in the world. According to statistics it affects up to 5% of pregnant women. The symptoms are high blood pressure, edema, proteinuria. The scientists all over the world are trying their best to know the pathogenesis to devise a cure for the disease. Aim of study: The goal of this article was to gather information about the pathophisiology and treatment of preeclempsia to prevent the risk of ilness’ development. Materials and methods: A review of the literature available in the “PubMed”, Google Scholar and Medline databases. The search was performed by using following keywords: “preeclampsia”, “ophthalmic artery doppler”, “PIGF”, “aspirin”, “placenta”. Results and conclusions: In spite of the progress of science the preeclampsia is still a serious threat for pregnant women all around the world. Thank to the advanced molecular and ultrasonographic techniques the doctors can estimate the risk of complications. The most important is screening, which helps the doctors to define the group of risk and then launch the treatment. That should decrease the amount of maternal and neonatal complications and deaths.

Colchicine, a lipid-soluble alkaloid derived from Colchicum autumnale, has a long history of use dating back to ancient Egypt. Traditionally used to alleviate pain and swelling, colchicine is now administered for various diseases, including gout and Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). Recent studies have expanded its applications to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, such as acute coronary syndromes and COVID-19. This review aims to summarize the diverse clinical applications of colchicine, with a particular focus on its role in athletes and the synergistic effects of physical exercise in these conditions. Colchicine exhibits broad anti-inflammatory effects primarily by disrupting microtubule functions, which impairs neutrophil migration and reduces cytokine production. Despite its narrow therapeutic window and potential for drug interactions, colchicine is considered safe and effective for managing conditions like gout, FMF, and acute coronary syndromes. Physical exercise complements colchicine treatment by enhancing symptom control and disease management. However, the role of colchicine in COVID-19 treatment remains inconclusive, necessitating further research.

Abstract Porous dental implants are clinically used, but the mechanism of load distribution for stepped implant shaft surrounded by compliance bushings is still not known, especially for different bone conditions. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the design of a dental implant with compliance bushings (CBs) on the occlusal load distribution during primary and secondary stability using finite element simulation (FEA), with a distinction between low and high quality cervical support under primary stability. The FEA of the oblique occlusal load transfer (250 N; 45°) was carried out for implants under variable bone conditions. The stepped shaft in the intermediate part of the dental implant was surrounded by CBs with an increasing modulus of elasticity of 2, 10 and 50 GPa. With a smaller Young's modulus of the bushings the increase of stress in the trabecular bone indicated that more bone tissue can be protected against disuse. The beneficial effect for the trabecular bone derived from the reduction of the stiffness of the bushings in relation to the loss of the implant's load bearing ability can be assessed using the FEM method.

Introduction: Infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) pose a significant clinical challenge due to increasing antibiotic resistance. This study analyzes the effectiveness of ceftazidime/avibactam treatment for KPC infections, focusing on 30-day mortality and comparing results with control groups treated with different antibiotics. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of six cohort studies, comparing thirty-day mortality in patients treated with ceftazidime/avibactam with control groups using other antibiotics. The studies included patients infected with KPC, and the analysis focused on therapeutic effectiveness. Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to compare the results in terms of 30-day mortality in groups treated with ceftazidime/avibactam compared to control groups using different antibiotics. Conclusions: Data analysis from various studies revealed varied 30-day mortality outcomes in groups treated with ceftazidime/avibactam compared to control groups using different antibiotics. Ceftazidime/avibactam proved to be more effective in all studies, reducing mortality rates compared to other treatment regimens. We emphasize that emerging antibiotic resistance, especially in the case of KPC, requires a comprehensive therapeutic approach. Despite promising ceftazidime/avibactam results, factors such as overall patient health and treatment delays may influence final therapy outcomes. We also highlight controversies regarding combination therapy vs. monotherapy, necessitating further research. Our work underscores the importance of monitoring the effectiveness of KPC infection treatment and exploring new therapeutic strategies. Further clinical studies are essential to develop a fuller understanding and optimal therapeutic protocols in the face of the growing antibiotic resistance problem.

In 2019, according to WHO estimates, 262 million people were affected by asta, resulting in 455,000 deaths. Asthma, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes reversible bronchoconstriction, making it difficult for patients to breathe. Exacerbations of the disease can be caused by a variety of factors but share similar symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath and chest tightness. Severe asthma exacerbations are defined as symptoms that do not respond to inhaled medications and improve only after oral or intravenous steroid administration. Asthma-related deaths often occur during exacerbations. Vitamin D, which is produced naturally in the body and found in some foods, is a steroid-derived vitamin. Adequate doses of this vitamin, administered through medication or supplements, can be used to maintain its proper levels in the organism. Vitamin D is essential for regulating calcium levels in the body and for bone remodeling. It also has immunomodulatory effects, affecting both innate and adaptive immunity. This partly explains its association with changes in the airway epithelium that occur as a result of inflammation in asthma. The study aims to summarize the current knowledge on the relationship of vitamin D with asthma symptom control. The present study is based on literature available in scientific databases from 2013-2016, such as PubMed, Corchane Library and Google Scholar, using the following keywords: "vitamin D" and "asthma." Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in children and adults worldwide. A critical analysis of the literature reveals that the therapeutic administration of vitamin D has no apparent advantage in treating asthma, especially in children. Nevertheless, for adults with mild asthma, vitamin D supplementation shows promise for improved outcomes. However, there is a pressing need for large-scale clinical trials to determine the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach for both age groups.

Introduction: Diagnosis of choledocholithiasis, a common manifestation of gallstone disease, is mainly based on advanced endoscopic techniques such as ERCP and EUS. Since the 1970s, ERCP has been a key method in the diagnosis and treatment of choledocholithiasis, allowing direct visualization and therapeutic interventions. However, technological developments have brought the emergence of EUS as a complementary tool, providing high-resolution imaging of the bile ducts. Understanding the diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic options and complications of both modalities is key to optimizing the care of patients with bile duct stones. Aim of the study: The aim of our study is to review and compare various diagnostic methods of bile duct stones, as well as to assess their effectiveness, accuracy, and potential complications. Materials and methods: We searched electronic sources, aspecially in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using keywords such as ,,endoscopic ultrasonography”, ,,endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography” and ,,choledocholithiasis”. Conclusions: With the use of modern technologies, such as endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and retrograde choleangiopancreatography (ERCP), it has become possible to diagnose bile duct stones more accurately and introduce more effective and less invasive therapies. The development of the availability of diagnostic tests, especially those that do not require invasive procedures, has helped reduce the risk of complications. EUS may be the preferred tool of choice for patients with gallstones, as it is associated with a lower risk of complications compared to ERCP alone. Decisions regarding the use of specific diagnostic and therapeutic modalities should be made on a case-by-case basis, taking into account medical and economic considerations.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease with an immunological basis. The estimated number of people suffering from psoriasis is 60 million. Despite the large number of patients with this diagnosis, the question of which mechanisms are mainly responsible for its development has not yet been answered. One theory is that a change in the patient's psychological state acts as a trigger for the manifestation and worsening of the disease. Another unresolved issue is the relationship between sports and psoriasis. While some studies suggest exercise might worsen symptoms, others highlight potential benefits like improved quality of life. Aim of the study : The aim of our study is to present connection between mental state of patients and occurance of psoriasis. Additionally, the study aims to elucidate the potential benefits of integrating psychological interventions and physical activity into psoriasis management strategies, with the goal of improving patient outcomes and enhancing overall quality of life. Material and methods : We searched electronic databases, using keywords such as „Psoriasis”, „Depression” and „Psoriasis and sport ”. Conclusions : Psoriasis stands as a profound example of the intricate interplay between physical health and mental well-being. The findings presented in this paper underscore the importance of a holistic approach to psoriasis management, integrating dermatological, psychological, and physical interventions.

Introduction: Depression is the most common mental disorder, affecting a significant percentage of the adult population. The disease is associated with many negative health consequences and is one of the leading causes of disability and inability to work worldwide. This neurological condition is commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). In recent decades, advancements have uncovered certain pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders. These revelations suggest that, although they exhibit unique characteristics, there are notable parallels in the neurobiological changes associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and the neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. In this article the relevance of non-pharmacological therapies in the management of neurodegenerative diseases have been rising. Almost absent from side effects, non-pharmacological alternatives, including physical exercise have shown promising benefits. Aim of the study: The study aims to evaluate the association between depression symptoms and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, we indicate sport as a way to preserve and improve cognitive function, and to maintain a proper quality of life. Material and methods: We conducted a review of scientific publications published in the years 1998-2024 in English and Polish in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. We used keywords such as "depression", "neurodegeneration” and “physical exercise”. Conclusions: Depression has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and suggested to be a possible prodrome for them. However, sport can alleviate behavioral symptoms in neurodevelopmental disorders, like anxiety, depression, indifference and sleep disruptions.

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression is the most common mental disorder, affecting a significant percentage of the adult population. The disease is associated with many negative health consequences and is one of the leading causes of disability and inability to work worldwide. Sports climbing can be a great method, complementary to psychotherapy, used to reduce the symptoms of depressive disorders. Aim of the study: The aim of our work is to review and summarize the most interesting conclusions from research on the impact of climbing as a complementary form of treatment for depressive disorders. Material and methods: We conducted a review of scientific publications published in the years 2004-2024 in English and Polish in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. We used keywords such as "depression" and "sport climbing". Conclusions: Research shows that sport climbing can alleviate depressive symptoms, have a positive impact on emotion regulation and lead to changes in brain functioning.

A new eco-friendly method for the synthesis of mono- and multifunctional organosulfur compounds, based on the process between ynals and thiols, catalyzed by bulky N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), was designed and optimized. The proposed organocatalytic approach allows the straightforward formation of a broad range of thioesters and sulfenyl-substituted aldehydes in yields above 86%, in mild and metal-free conditions. In this study, thirty-six sulfur-based derivatives were obtained and characterized by spectroscopic methods.

Zirconium-based alloys are highly regarded by the research community for their exceptional corrosion resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. In our work, we investigated two newly developed alloys, Zr42.42Cu41.18Al9.35Ag7.05 and Zr46.81Cu35.44Al10.09Ag7.66, in the form of ingots and ribbons. In the course of our investigation, we conducted a comprehensive structural and thermal analysis. In addition, an examination of the corrosion activity encompassing electrochemical studies and an analysis of the corrosion mechanisms was carried out. To further evaluate the performance of the materials, tests of their mechanical properties were performed, including microhardness and resistance to abrasive wear. Structural analysis showed that both alloys studied had a multiphase, crystalline structure with intermetallic phases. The samples in the form of ribbons showed improved corrosion resistance compared to that of the ingots. The ingot containing a higher content of copper Zr42.42Cu41.18Al9.35Ag7.05 was characterized by better corrosion resistance, while showing lower average hardness and a higher degree of abrasive wear based on SEM observations after pin-on-disc tests.

In the case of any pathologies arising in the hard palate, it is always important to exclude their possible odontogenic origins. Cone-beam computed tomography is mandatory. In cases where a possible non-teeth-related pathology is confirmed, each clinician should remember possible differential diagnostics. Many small salivary glands between the mucosa and bone are present in this palatal area. Both benign and malignant tumors arising from the small glands, and mucosa of the hard palate, might occur. The case presented here mimics a solid tumor because of the nodule consistency. Because of a healthy palatal mucosa without any erosions or irritations with firm attachment to the submucosal nodule, a possible malignant tumor of small salivary gland origins was suspected in this case. When the tumor diameter is small, an excisional biopsy is required to collect good and representative material for further histopathological evaluation. In most cases, bulky nodules present on the palate are hard on palpation, non-movable, and covered with healthy mucosa. Possible bone infiltrations with mucous membrane ulcerations could manifest a more expansive character of the lesion. In the presented case, an unusual occurrence of a traumatic neuroma without any past traumatic etiology of the palate was first differentiated from the occurrence of adenoid-cystic carcinoma (ACC), pleomorphic adenoma, other benign/malignant small gland tumors, or atypical, fibroma/schwannoma of the palate. This paper presents treatment options for this rare oral neural tumor occurrence in the palate and differential diagnosis between hard palate tumors in a 42-year-old male patient, furthermore highlighting the role of an excisional biopsy as a good source for a tissue sample.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen that causes severe infections in immunocompromised patients. The aim of the study was to conduct a microbiological and clinical analysis of K. pneumoniae infections in children with malignancies or undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation in Poland. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study including children and adolescents under 19 years old treated between 2012 and 2021. We analyzed patients’ characteristics, microbiological data, and the outcomes of antibiotic therapy. Results: A total of 9121 newly diagnosed children were treated for malignancy and 1697 pediatric patients underwent hematopoietic cell transplantation. K. pneumoniae infections were diagnosed in 527 patients. Their overall incidence was 4.86% in pediatric hematology and oncology patients and 4.95% in patients who underwent hematopoietic cell transplantation. The incidence of infection was higher in patients with acute leukemia than with solid tumors (7.8% vs. 4.1%; OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.6–2.4; p < 0.0001). The most frequent source of infection was in the urinary tract at 55.2%. More than 57% of K. pneumoniae strains were extended-spectrum β-lactamase-positive and almost 34% were multidrug-resistant. Infections with K. pneumoniae contributed to death in 3.22% of patients. Conclusions: K. pneumoniae is one of the most critical pathogens in children suffering from malignancies or undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation. The incidence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains is increasing and contributing to poor clinical outcome.

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) one of the most common chronic disease in Europe, can affect every part of the body including the skin. Metabolic changes during the progress of diabetes mellitus , influence the occurence of various dermatoses such as Acanthosis nigricans, Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, bullosis diabeticorum, eruptive xanthomatosis and diabetic dermopathy. On the other hand, there are allergic skin reactions as a consequence of insulin infusion, diabetic pills treatment and using diabetic devices like insulin pumps and glucose monitors that can improve patiens glycemic control and their quality of life. Aim of the study: The aim of our study is to present skin manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus patients. The importance of early detection skin changes and its significance are also analysed. Material and methods: We searched electronic databases, using keywords such as „Diabetes Mellitus” , „ Skin dermatoses assosiated with diabetes mellitus „ and „Acanthosis Nigricans” Conclusions: Human skin is a reflection of the processes that take place in the body. The characteristc dermatoses that appear on it, can be a clue for the doctor and help him in the diagnostic process and proper control of diabetes. Technological progress has led to the develompent of specialized devices to control the glycemia of patients, however, this is often associated with the deterioration in the well-being of patients and the benefits of treatment ,by reverse allergic skin reactions to contact with the equipment.

IntroductionThe complexity of the associations between religiosity and indicators of well-being suggests the presence of a mediating mechanism. Previous studies indicate that religion may influence subjective well-being because it helps to find meaning and purpose. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the mediating role of the presence and search dimensions of meaning in life in the relationship between religious meaning system and life satisfaction in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 600 MS patients recruited from Poland who completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Religious Meaning System Questionnaire (RMS) and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Model 6 of Hayes PROCESS was used to test the hypotheses.ResultsThe results of our research indicate that there was a significant indirect effect of religious meaning system on life satisfaction through the presence of meaning in life. The specific indirect effect of religious meaning system on life satisfaction through searching for meaning in life was not significant.DiscussionThe results of our study are relevant because they show that religion as a meaning system is positively related to the presence of meaning in life, which in turn positively predicts life satisfaction. This is particularly important in the case of incurable illness, where finding meaning in life is one of the natural stages of adaptation. By incorporating these findings into mental health practice, professionals can enhance the holistic well-being of people coping with MS and contribute to a more comprehensive and effective approach to mental health care.

Rhinophyma is defined as a progressive, deforming, nodular enlargement of the sebaceous glands caused by hypertrophy of the sebaceous follicles. It is assumed to be the final phase of chronic rosacea occurring mainly in Caucasian men. This disease negatively affects the quality of life of patients due to decreased self-esteem and depressive disorders. Nasal deformation by narrowing the nostrils impairs the physical performance of patients and even leads to the development of sleep apnea. Treatment is mainly based on surgery to remove pathological tissue. The literature also provides the possibility of therapy using ablative techniques and laser therapy.

The main aim of the following study is to review current knowledge on Influenza. Influenza, also known as the flu, is an acute, infectious disease which attacks the respiratory system. The disease is caused by the influenza virus, of which there are 3 types. The most common is type A of influenza virus. It is transmitted between people by the droplet route, with cases occurring particularly frequently during seasonal epidemics. This is why the most important form of prevention is maintaining personal hygiene and isolation of sick people. Another form of prevention is a vaccine for the influenza virus developed with new variants every year. The flu causes a variety of symptoms from many systems but can also be asymptomatic. Diagnosis of the illness is based on clinical criteria and the results of diagnostic tests for which there are established criteria of legitimacy. Most common and sufficient curation for an illness is a symptomatic treatment but there is also a causal treatment for influenza. However certain conditions are required for its implementation. Influenza is usually a mild disease, but there are present cases of serious complications. Groups particularly exposed to severe and complicated courses of the disease are pregnant women, children and patients with multimorbidities. Currently, the co-occurrence of influenza with Covid-19 infection is particularly dangerous, which constitutes a new challenge for the global health care system.

INTRODUCTION: Diet is an integral element of every individual's health. Its impact on the functioning of the human body has fascinated scientists for years. One of the diets that alters the mechanism of the body's functioning is the ketogenic diet. The impact of the ketogenic diet on various disorders is still under investigation. It is known to have shown numerous benefits in reducing epileptic seizures, but its impact on other neurological disorders is less known. In this literature review, the efficacy of ketogenic therapies was assessed in Alzheimer's disease. AIM OF STUDY: Review of the current literature (since 2018) on the effects of implementing a ketogenic diet in patients with Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The review was based on data gathered from the PubMed database using the keywords: 'ketogenic diet in Alzheimer’s disease,' 'ketogenic therapies Alzheimer disease,' and 'ketogenic diet in neurological disease’. SUMMARY: The ketogenic diet enhances the daily functioning of Alzheimer's patients. It significantly improves their cognitive functions, and changes in brain blood flow are visible in imaging studies. The ketogenic diet also positively modulates the gut microbiome in Alzheimer's patients. It represents a promising option in combating cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.

Optimizing the geometry for material savings, or heat transfer, can yield thin-walled additively manufactured parts. A wall thickness of only a few hatching spaces can be fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). However, the unmachined surface quality and subsurface defects in the low-thickness wall put the load-bearing capacity of the manufactured part under scrutiny. This study aimed to determine the fatigue and quasi-static strengths of nominally 0.5-mm thick tubular specimens of LPBF 18Ni300 maraging steel with respect to the aging temperature (AT). The experimental tests were conducted on six batches of unmachined specimens: non-aged and age-hardened for 6 h at different temperatures, i.e., 450, 470, 490, 530, and 585 °C. The void distribution and specimen surface were characterized using X-ray micro-computed tomography. The heterogeneous effect of AT on fatigue life was recognized by a novel application of the Gaussian process for regression. The mechanical properties of a 0.5-mm thick tubular specimen were equal to or higher than those of a full cross-section specimen. Furthermore, the optimal AT to obtain the highest fatigue strength was 520 °C for low-cycle fatigue, decreasing to 480 °C for high-cycle fatigue.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies against a lot of nuclear components. Despite many studies on the genetic background of this disease, the pathogenesis remains unclear. The aim of the study is to comprehensively evaluate the polymorphism of the IL-10 promoter gene, its mRNA expression, and the serum IL-10 concentration of SLE female patients and females age-matched controls. Analyzing the association between the level of the tested cytokine and the polymorphism genotype-1082; -819; -592, we found statistically higher serum IL-10 levels in SLE patients compared to in healthy controls (11.9 ± 2.2 pg/mL vs. 9.4 ± 1.7 pg/mL, accordingly; p < 0.0001). We did not find statistically significant differences in the gene polymorphism of IL-10 among SLE patients and controls. The most significant observation derived from our study is that IL-10 mRNA transcripts are upregulated in SLE patients compared to in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). According to our results, the presence of the IL-10 genetic polymorphism has no clinical significance for the development of SLE, and subsequent differences in mRNA and IL-10 concentration results from the influence of other factors which should be the subject of further research.