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The following review aims to delve into an article that examines teaching methods for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), emphasizing the importance of considering educational, familial, and social contexts, as well as the need for teacher training. Through methods like ABA and TEACCH, the importance of an inclusive approach and the role of technology are underscored, along with the ongoing involvement and training of educational and therapeutic staff. The final critique highlights the necessity for professionals with sufficient knowledge and ongoing training for educational personnel, emphasizing the importance of expanding the presence of occupational therapists in the school environment and improving their training to meet the needs of both students and teachers., Resumen: La siguiente recensión trata de profundizar en un artículo que revisa métodos de enseñanza para alumnos con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA), resaltando la importancia de considerar contextos educativos, familiares y sociales, y la necesidad de formación del personal docente. Mediante métodos como ABA y TEACCH, se subraya la importancia de un enfoque inclusivo y el papel de la tecnología, así como la implicación y formación continua del personal educativo y terapéutico. La crítica final señala la necesidad de profesionales con conocimientos suficientes y la formación continua del personal educativo, destacando la importancia de extender la presencia de terapeutas ocupacionales en el ámbito escolar y mejorar su formación para atender las necesidades de alumnos y docentes.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) allows the visualization of organs and tissues for medical diagnosis. This technique is non-invasive, does not require the use of radioactive agents or high-energy electromagnetic waves, and has a high spatial resolution and a great image depth. Despite these advantages, in order to increase the contrast in these images between the region of interest and its surroundings, it is often necessary to use contrast agents (CAs), which are composed of magnetically active substances that shorten T1 and T2 proton relaxation times. Although MRI is well established in clinics, several modifications of this technique are being currently addressed with the aim of improving diagnostic reliability. In particular, high-field MRI and T1-T2 dual mode MRI have been proposed. The first one improves image resolution by using higher magnetic fields than those involved in conventional scanners (? 3 T). T1-T2 dual mode MRI involves recording bright and dark images simultaneously. By so doing, cross-validation of both types of images can be carried out, so that false positives can be excluded, and complementary information can be also obtained. Both advantages allow to increase diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy. Unfortunately, the conventional CAs used in clinics are not suitable for these novel techniques, for which, it is imperative to develop new contrast agents. For the high-field MRI technique, several alternatives have been considered. The most promising candidates are compounds based on Dy3+, since this ion has a very high magnetic moment (10.6 ?B), which leads to high transverse relaxivity values. For T1-T2 dual mode MRI, compounds based on Dy3+ ions as T2 component are equally interesting, and as T1 component, Gd3+ ions are usually used, which have a high spin angular momentum (7/2) that allows high values of longitudinal relaxivity. Different CAs have been reported in the literature, both for high-field MRI and T1-T2 dual mode MRI, consisting of, La técnica de obtención de imágenes por Resonancia Magnética (MRI, siglas en inglés) permite la visualización de órganos y tejidos para el diagnóstico médico. Esta técnica destaca por ser no invasiva, no requerir el uso de agentes radiactivos u ondas electromagnéticas de alta energía, poseer una alta resolución espacial y una gran profundidad de imagen. A pesar de estas ventajas, a veces es necesario aumentar el contraste entre la región de interés y su entorno, empleando agentes de contraste (ACs) que están constituidos por sustancias magnéticamente activas que acortan los tiempos de relajación T1 y T2 del protón. Los ACs que acortan T2 oscurecen la región de interés, mientras que aquellos que disminuyen el valor de T1 dan lugar a un mayor brillo de dicha región. Entre los primeros destacan los óxidos superparamagnéticos basados en óxido de hierro, y entre los segundos, los compuestos de Gd3+ en los cuales están basados los agentes de contraste comerciales. Aunque la técnica MRI está muy bien establecida en el ámbito clínico, se están abordando en la actualidad diversas modificaciones de la misma con el objetivo de mejorar la fiabilidad del diagnóstico. En concreto, se han propuesto la técnica de MRI a alto campo y la técnica de MRI dual T1 - T2. La primera supone emplear campos magnéticos más altos que los implicados en los escáneres usados en clínica (≤ 3 T), con el objeto de mejorar la resolución. La segunda permite aumentar la sensibilidad y exactitud del diagnóstico registrando imágenes brillantes y oscuras de forma simultánea, ya que, mediante la validación cruzada de ambos tipos de imágenes, se pueden excluir falsos positivos y, además, obtener información complementaria. Desafortunadamente, los ACs convencionales que se usan en clínica no son adecuados para la obtención de imágenes mediante estas técnicas por lo que es imperativo desarrollar nuevos agentes de contraste. Para la técnica de MRI a alto campo, se han desarrollado diversas alternativas siendo lo

Memoria final del Proyecto Innova Docencia 2023-23 nº 58. GEODIVULGAR: Geología y Sociedad

Objectives: Identifying profiles of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and explore their association with different degrees of severity of COVID-19 outcomes (i.e. in-hospital mortality, ICU assistance, and invasive mechanical ventilation). The findings of this study could inform the development of multiple care intervention strategies to improve patient outcomes. Methods: Prospective multicentre cohort study during four different waves of COVID-19 from March 1st, 2020 to August 31st, 2021 in four health consortiums within the southern Barcelona metropolitan region. From a starting point of over 292 demographic characteristics, comorbidities, vital signs, severity scores, and clinical analytics at hospital admission, we used both clinical judgment and supervised statistical methods to reduce to the 36 most informative completed covariates according to the disease outcomes for each wave. Patients were then grouped using an unsupervised semiparametric method (KAMILA). Results were interpreted by clinical and statistician team consensus to identify clinically-meaningful patient profiles. Results: The analysis included nw1 = 1657, nw2 = 697, nw3 = 677, and nw4 = 787 hospitalized-COVID-19 patients for each of the four waves. Clustering analysis identified 2 patient profiles for waves 1 and 3, while 3 profiles were determined for waves 2 and 4. Patients allocated in those groups showed a different percentage of disease outcomes (e.g., wave 1: 15.9% (Cluster 1) vs. 31.8% (Cluster 2) for in-hospital mortality rate). The main factors to determine groups were the patient’s age and number of obese patients, number of comorbidities, oxygen support requirement, and various severity scores. The last wave is also influenced by the massive incorporation of COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion: Our study suggests that a single care model at hospital admission may not meet the needs of hospitalized-COVID-19 adults. A clustering approach appears to be appropriate for helping physicians to differe, "DF, NP, and GM have been supported by l’Agència de Gestio ´ d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain) [2020PANDE00148] (https://agaur.gencat. cat/en/inici/index.html). DF and NP have been supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacio ´n (Spain) [PID2019-104830RB-I00/ DOI (AEI): 10.13039/501100011033] (https://www.aei. gob.es/en/announcements/announcements-finder/ proyectos-idi-2019-modalidades-retosinvestigacion-generacion) and by grant 2021 SGR 01421 (GRBIO, https://agaur.gencat.cat/web/ shared/OVT/Departaments/REU/A_Universitats/ AGAUR/Documents/RECERCA/SGR/Resolucio_ definitiva_SGR-Cat_2021.pdf) administrated by the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain).", Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i Benestar, Postprint (published version)