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Background: Multimorbidity, body pain, sleep disturbance, and depression are major clinical and public health challenges. This paper aimed to examine the associations of multimorbidity with body pain, sleep duration, and depression; and whether the associations varied by socioeconomic status. Methods: Data was derived from four waves of the nationally representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), including participants aged 45 years and older in 2011. 12 physical non-communicable diseases and 1 mental chronic disease were used to measure multimorbidity. Educational attainment and annual per-capita household consumption expenditure were employed as proxies for socioeconomic status. Results: Of the 16,931 participants aged 45 + years old, the proportion of people with multimorbidity was 37.87% at baseline. The number of multimorbidity increased with older age and higher socioeconomic status. Multimorbidity was associated with more body pain (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.45–1.61), and decreased sleep duration (β = -0.26, 95% CI = -0.36–-0.15). Furthermore, multimorbidity was associated with increased depression risks (odds ratio (OR) = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.44–1.64, adjusted for sociodemographic variables), with the mediating effects of the number of body pain and sleep duration. The associations between multimorbidity and depression persisted among different socioeconomic groups. Conclusions: Multimorbidity was associated with increased body pain, decreased sleep duration, and further led to increased depression risks. It is necessary to pay attention to the multimorbidity of middle-aged and older adults, relieve their body pain, guarantee sufficient sleep, so as to reduce depression risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral health is a major global public health problem, but its risk factors have not been fully identified. The limited evidence suggests that AL may affect oral health conditions, but most of these studies focus only on middle‐aged western populations. Objectives: To examine whether allostatic load is associated with oral health conditions later in life among middle‐aged and older adults in China and there there is a correlation in both middle‐aged and older people. Materials and methods: Data were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011–2018 (N = 10 890) and were analysed using logistic regressions for the overall sample and subsamples by age. Results: Results showed that higher inflammation load significantly increased the odds of edentulism (OR = 1.358, 95% CI = 1.020–1.809, p <.05). Higher metabolic load significantly increased the odds of denture use (OR = 1.375, 95% CI = 1.154–1.640, p < 0.001) and difficulty in chewing solid foods (OR = 1.100, 95% CI = 1.035–1.169, p <.01). These associations were manifested in older adults over 60 years of age, while in the middle‐aged subsample, the associations were not significant. Conclusion: The findings suggested that higher allostatic load was associated with poorer oral health conditions later in life. It is critical to lower allostatic load and improve oral health conditions, especially for older adults over 60 years of age. Prospective studies and intervention trials help to better understand whether allostatic load is causally linked to oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cholesterol gallstone (CG) disease is a worldwide common disease characterized by cholesterol supersaturation in gallbladder bile. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) has been shown to possess various beneficial effects against metabolic disorders. However, the role and underlying mechanism of GLP in CG formation are still unknown. This study aimed to determine the role of GLP in ameliorating lithogenic diet (LD)-induced CG formation. Methods: Mice were fed either a normal chow diet, a LD, or LD supplemented with GLP. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were used to detect the expression of genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid (BA) metabolism. The BA concentrations in the ileum were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The microbiota in cecal contents were characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing. Results: GLP effectively alleviated CG formation induced by LD. Specifically, GLP reduced the total cholesterol (TC) levels, increased the total BA levels, and decreased the cholesterol saturation index (CSI) in gallbladder bile. The protective effect of GLP was attributed to the inhibition of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling, increased hepatic BA synthesis and decreased hepatic cholesterol synthesis and secretion. GLP also altered the BA composition in the ileum, reducing FXR-agonistic BAs and increasing FXR-antagonistic BAs, which may contribute to the inhibition of intestinal FXR signaling. Additionally, GLP improved dysbiosis of the intestinal flora and reduced the serum levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a bacterial metabolite that can induce hepatic FXR, thereby inhibiting hepatic FXR signaling. Moreover, the protective effect of GLP against CG formation could be reversed by both the global and gut-restricted FXR agonists. Conclusions: Taken together, GLP ameliorates CG formation by regulating cholesterol and BA metabolism in an FXR-dependent manner. Our study demonstrates that GLP may be a potential strategy for the prevention against CG disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the association of ambient ozone with ovarian reserve. Based on a retrospective cohort study of 6008 women who attended a fertility center in Hubei, China, during 2018–2021, we estimated ozone exposure levels by calculating averages during the development of follicles (2-month [W1], 4-month [W2], 6-month [W3]) and 1-year before measurement (W4) according to Tracking Air Pollution in China database. We used multivariate logistic regression and linear regression models to investigate association of ozone exposure with anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), the preferred indicator of ovarian reserve. Each 10 μg/m3 increases in ozone were associated with 2.34% (0.68%, 3.97%), 2.08% (0.10%, 4.01%), 4.20% (1.67%, 6.67%), and 8.91% (5.79%, 11.93%) decreased AMH levels during W1-W4; AMH levels decreased by 15.85%, 11.90%, 16.92% in the fourth quartile during W1, W3, and W4 when comparing the extreme quartile, with significant exposure-response relationships during W4 (P < 0.05). Ozone exposure during W1 was positively associated with low AMH. Additionally, we detected significant effect modification by age, body mass index, and temperature in ozone-associated decreased AMH levels. Our findings highlight the potential adverse impact of ozone pollution on female ovarian reserve, especially during the secondary to small antral follicle stage and 1-year before measurement. [Display omitted] • Ambient ozone exposure was associated with diminished ovarian reserve. • Secondary to small antral follicle stage might be the susceptible exposure window. • Even below the current AQS, AMH levels decreased with increasing ozone exposure. • Age, BMI, and ambient temperature might modify the observed associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new Regional Geo-Statistics (RGS) Method is proposed to better extract remote sensing features for yield estimation. • Adding the surface reflectance bands to the vegetation index as features can improve the accuracy of yield estimation. • The multi-source data can realize the best yield estimation results. • LightGBM is capable of yield prediction on remote sensing data. • Quantitative analysis of the contribution of multi-source data. Timely and accurate estimation of maize yield is crucial for ensuring food security. This study integrated multi-source data (satellite, meteorological, and soil data) on Google Earth Engine (GEE) and used machine learning techniques to estimate summer maize yield across 469 counties in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China from 2010 to 2020. A novel method for extracting features from remote sensing images was proposed called the Regional Geo-Statistics (RGS) Method. We compared its performance with the traditional county-level averages method and explained the impact and contributions of incorporating multi-source data on yield estimation models. Firstly, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Near-Infrared Vegetation Reflectance (NIRv) were transformed into regional geostatistical vectors and county-level averages using GEE. Then, yield was estimated using LightGBM, RF and LASSO. The results highlighted the superiority of the RGS method, with LightGBM yielding the best model (R2 = 0.55, RMSE = 852.92 kg/ha, NRMSE = 13.66 %). Further improvements were achieved by gradually adding meteorological and soil variables, with R2 improvements of 0.03 and 0.20, respectively. The Comprehensive Factor Model (CFM), utilizing all data as features, achieved the best results (R2 = 0.76, RMSE = 629.33 kg/ha, NRMSE = 10.08 %). The interpretability analysis based on CFM model underscored the significance of soil-related variables, which contributed significantly (45.38 %) alongside remote sensing variables, emphasizing the crucial role of soil variables in maize yield estimation. This study presents a versatile and reliable method for integrating multi-source data for maize yield estimation, supporting agricultural management and food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• N-deficient citrus leaves and roots kept high abilities to detoxify ROS and MG. • N-deficiency (ND) affected ROS and MG metabolism more in roots than in leaves. • ND enhanced n distribution in roots and R/S, and delayed root senescence. • ND reduced MDA levels and electrolyte leakage in citrus leaves and roots. Nitrogen-deficiency (ND) usually occurs in some citrus orchard soils in China. The roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) generation and their detoxification systems in ND tolerance of horticultural woody plants still need to be revealed. For the first time, we examined the effects of ND on ROS and MG generation and their detoxification systems in leaves and roots of Citrus sinensis seedlings. The objectives are to test the hypotheses that N-deficient leaves and roots can keep high abilities to scavenge ROS and MG, thereby protecting them from oxidative damage, and that ND-induced alterations of ROS and MG formation and their detoxification systems in leaves and roots are different. ND augmented superoxide anion production rate and MG concentrations, but it decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and electrolyte leakage in leaves and roots. ND increased the activities of most enzymes involved in ROS (ascorbate-glutathione cycle-related enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, and sulfur metabolism-related enzymes) and MG (glyoxalases) detoxification expressed on a protein basis with a few exceptions, and the concentrations of ascorbate, phytochelatins, and total non-protein thiols in leaves and roots. These results suggested that nitrogen-deficient leaves and roots could keep high abilities to detoxify ROS and MG, and protect them from oxidative damage. Generally viewed, ND affected the production and removal of ROS and MG more in roots than in leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]