741 results
Search Results
32. What factors are associated with public corruption perception? Evidence from Canada.
- Author
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Asomah, Joseph Yaw, Dim, Eugene Emeka, Li, Yiyan, and Cheng, Hongming
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POLITICAL corruption ,PUBLIC opinion ,POLITICAL participation ,CANADIANS ,PUBLIC officers - Abstract
Purpose: Corruption perception is essential to study because it can shape people's attitudes toward the government. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to address this key question: what factors are associated with a non-expert's judgment of whether Canada is corrupt? Design/methodology/approach: This study uses the World Value Survey conducted in Canada in October 2020. This survey is based on a nationally representative sample of a cross-section of adult Canadian residents, including Canadian citizens and permanent residents and those who are neither Canadian citizens nor permanent residents. Findings: Based on this study, some conclusions can be made. First, people accessing corruption news from the traditional news media are less likely than those receiving information from the new media to perceive the state (in this case, Canada) as corrupt. Second, people who have less confidence in public institutions are more likely to perceive a country as corrupt. Third, people who participate in electoral and non-electoral forms of political participation are more likely to perceive the state and its public officials as corrupt. Fourth, regardless of which political party is in power, individuals who lean right politically are more likely than those on the left to perceive the state as corrupt. Finally, immigrants are less likely than those born in Canada to perceive the state as corrupt. This work enriches the literature on the substantive understanding of the factors associated with corruption perception. Originality/value: Studies investigating factors associated with public perception of corruption tend to focus on developing countries. The current study contributes to filling this gap in knowledge by examining correlates of corruption perception in Canada. As a result, this study contributes to the literature on factors associated with corruption perception, especially in the developed country context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. "I Think Peer Support Helps to Demystify People Who Have Mental Health Issues and Helps to Remove That Stigma": Exploring the Defining Characteristics and Related Challenges of Youth Peer Support Through Participatory Research.
- Author
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Halsall, Tanya, Daley, Mardi, Hawke, Lisa D., Henderson, Jo, Wilson, Anne, and Matheson, Kimberly
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MENTAL illness prevention ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout ,RESEARCH funding ,FOCUS groups ,AFFINITY groups ,INTERVIEWING ,WORK environment ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,THEMATIC analysis ,RESEARCH methodology ,ACTION research ,SOCIAL support ,DATA analysis software ,SOCIAL stigma - Abstract
Despite the emerging body of literature on the benefits of youth peer support, there is also evidence that peer support can have unintended negative impacts on peers themselves. It is important to explore what aspects of the peer role contribute to these difficulties in order to mitigate risks. This paper uses a participatory approach to examine the unique attributes of youth peer practice and the related challenges. We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups with both peer and non-peer staff from a community-based youth mental health program that provides peer support services (N = 29). Thematic analyses were completed using QSR NVivo. Analyses capture the defining features and related challenges of the peer support role (self-disclosure, boundaries, role confusion and dynamic recovery), and risk factors that affect peers (stigma, exposure to harm and burnout). This paper contributes to the literature on peer support as well as youth participatory evaluation. The findings will be useful to support the development of improved organizational contexts for peer practice and more effective peer support programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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34. Declining nudes: Canadian teachers' responses to including sexting in the sexual health and human development curriculum.
- Author
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Oliver, Vanessa and Flicker, Sarah
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CURRICULUM ,GENDER role ,PSYCHOLOGY of teachers ,SEXTING ,HEALTH attitudes ,RESEARCH funding ,SEX education ,INTERVIEWING ,ATTITUDES toward sex ,HUMAN sexuality ,LGBTQ+ people ,DEVELOPMENTAL psychobiology ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,COLLEGE teacher attitudes ,STUDENT attitudes ,SOCIAL support ,SEXUAL health - Abstract
Addressing sexting in sexual health education classrooms is one way of supporting young people to become good sexual citizens and to emphasise respect and consent in their sexual practices and in their lives. While a fair amount of research has worked with youth to understand their motivations for sexting, less research has been conducted with in-service teachers to understand their perspectives, pedagogical approaches, and beliefs regarding young people and sexting. Set in this context, this paper discusses findings from interviews with Canadian teachers who were teaching a new Ontario Health and Physical Education curriculum that included discussions of sexting. Our findings suggest that many teachers are still engaging discourses of risk, shame and blame when they talk to their students about sexting. Likewise, longstanding gender norms and stereotypical sexual scripts are evident in the ways in which many teachers both understand and teach sexting. Some teachers, however, are engaging in more promising pedagogical practices that frame sexting as having a range of uses, outcomes, and purposes, painting a more holistic picture of young people's sexting landscapes. Findings from this paper may be useful for educators and policymakers creating sexting curriculum for young people in educational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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35. Whiteness and damage in the education classroom.
- Author
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Da Costa, Alexandre E.
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RACISM ,RACIAL identity of white people ,CRITICAL consciousness ,OPPRESSION ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,ANTI-racism education - Abstract
This paper analyses relationships between whiteness and damage in the university classroom through a focus on two contemporary areas of critical education in Canada: raising white racial consciousness and truth and reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. First, whiteness is damage-producing – it orients anti-racist education towards white students and their needs, there by harming the well-being and constraining the education of non-white students. Second, whiteness gravitates towards what Unangax scholar Eve Tuck calls "damage-centred approaches," which objectify non-white suffering, pathologising Indigenous peoples whilst obfuscating the ongoing reproduction of racism and colonialism. As such, white educators must remain assiduously vigilant about a key tension regarding whiteness and damage: that our pedagogical focus on racial and colonial oppression can simultaneously raise critical consciousness and divert attention away from more fundamental interrogations of whiteness, agency, and relationality within a systemically racist social order. The article closes with some considerations for educators in terms of addressing complicity in their institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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36. Gender Differences in Math and Science Academic Self-Concepts and the Association With Female Climate in 8th Grade Classrooms.
- Author
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Andersen, Ida Gran and Smith, Emil
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PSYCHOLOGY of middle school students ,SCHOOL environment ,STATISTICAL correlation ,MATHEMATICS ,PHILOSOPHY of education ,STEREOTYPES ,RESEARCH funding ,SEX distribution ,SCIENCE ,AFFINITY groups ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,SURVEYS ,ACADEMIC achievement ,RESEARCH ,COMPARATIVE studies ,SELF-perception - Abstract
Although women's representation in STEM fields and occupations has increased, science and math continue to be stereotyped as male domains. This paper links psychological and sociological explanations for gendered disparities in STEM by examining the relationship between the local "micro-situational" female learning environment and the gender gap in academic self-concept in math and science. We applied hybrid models to TIMSS 2015 data comprised of a pseudo-panel of repeated measures for individual student and peer achievement, academic self-concept, utility value, and interest-enjoyment value in math/science (at age 14). We analyzed data from three countries, including a subsample of students who were taught by the same teacher in both math and science, thus eliminating unobserved teacher heterogeneity. Results indicate that female peer climate in the classroom is important for understanding how girls' self-concept in math/science is formed, even though it was unrelated to the gender gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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37. Inequities in access to palliative and end-of-life care in the black population in Canada: a scoping review.
- Author
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Bassah, Nahyeni, Beranek, Julia, Kennedy, Megan, Onabadejo, Juliet, and Santos Salas, Anna
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HEALTH services accessibility ,HEALTH literacy ,PSYCHOLOGY of the terminally ill ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,HEALTH attitudes ,RESEARCH funding ,CINAHL database ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,CAREGIVERS ,LITERATURE reviews ,MEDICAL databases ,HEALTH equity ,TERMINAL care ,BLACK Canadians ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,HOSPICE care ,RELIGIOUS leaders - Abstract
Background: Improving equity and early access to palliative care for underserved populations in Canada is a priority. Little is known regarding access to palliative and end-of-life care in the Black population. Methods: We undertook a scoping review using the framework by Arksey and O'Malley to identify knowledge, access gaps, and experiences of palliative and end-of-life care among Blacks living with life-limiting illnesses in Canada. Primary studies, discussion papers, books, and reports were considered eligible. We followed a comprehensive search strategy developed by an information scientist. Searches were performed in the following bibliographic databases: Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO via OVID, CINAHL via EBSCOhost, Scopus and Cochrane Library via Wiley. The search strategy was derived from three main concepts: (1) Black people; (2) Canada and Canadian provinces; (3) Palliative, hospice, or end-of-life care. No publication date or language limits were applied. Titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility by one reviewer and full text by two independent reviewers. Results: The search yielded 233 articles. Nineteen articles were selected for full-text review, and 7 articles met the inclusion criteria. These studies were published between 2010 and 2021, and conducted in the provinces of Ontario and Nova Scotia only. Studies used both quantitative and qualitative methods and included cancer decedents, next of kin, family caregivers and religious leaders. Sample sizes in various studies ranged from 6 − 2,606 participants. Included studies reported a general lack of understanding about palliative and end-of-life care, positive and negative experiences, and limited access to palliative and end-of-life care for Blacks, across all care settings. Conclusion: Findings suggest limited knowledge of palliative care and inequities in access to palliative and end-of-life care for Blacks living with life-limiting illnesses in 2 Canadian provinces. There is an urgent need for research to inform tailored and culturally acceptable strategies to improve understanding and access to palliative care and end-of-life care among Blacks in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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38. A novel flexible exponent power-X family of distributions with applications to COVID-19 mortality rate in Mexico and Canada.
- Author
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Shah, Zubir, Khan, Dost Muhammad, Khan, Imad, Ahmad, Bakhtiyar, Jeridi, Mouna, and Al-Marzouki, Sanaa
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MONTE Carlo method ,AKAIKE information criterion ,ORDER statistics ,DEATH rate ,COVID-19 ,MAXIMUM likelihood statistics ,EXPONENTS - Abstract
This paper aims to introduce a novel family of probability distributions by the well-known method of the T–X family of distributions. The proposed family is called a "Novel Generalized Exponent Power X Family" of distributions. A three-parameters special sub-model of the proposed method is derived and named a "Novel Generalized Exponent Power Weibull" distribution (NGEP-Wei for short). For the proposed family, some statistical properties are derived including the hazard rate function, moments, moment generating function, order statistics, residual life, and reverse residual life. The well-known method of estimation, the maximum likelihood estimation method is used for estimating the model parameters. Besides, a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to assess the efficacy of this estimation method. Finally, the model selection criterion such as Akaike information criterion (AINC), the correct information criterion (CINC), the Bayesian information criterion (BINC), the Hannan–Quinn information criterion (HQINC), the Cramer–von-Misses (CRMI), and the ANDA (Anderson–Darling) are used for comparison purpose. The comparison of the NGEP-Wei with other rival distributions is made by Two COVID-19 data sets. In terms of performance, we show that the proposed method outperforms the other competing methods included in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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39. Canada's Geothermal Energy Update in 2023.
- Author
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Huang, Katherine, Dehghani-Sanij, Alireza, Hickson, Catherine, Grasby, Stephen E., Smejkal, Emily, Miranda, Mafalda M., Raymond, Jasmin, Fraser, Derek, Harbottle, Kass, Torres, Daniel Alonso, Ebell, John, Dixon, Julie, Olsen, Emily, Vany, Jeanine, Marcia, Kirsten, Colpron, Maurice, Wigston, Andrew, Brasnett, Gordon, Unsworth, Martyn, and Harms, Phil
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GROUND source heat pump systems ,GEOTHERMAL resources ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,POWER resources ,HEAT storage ,SEDIMENTARY basins ,HOT springs - Abstract
Geothermal energy exploration, development, and research have been ongoing in Canada for several decades. The country's cold climate and the push to develop renewable energy sources have driven interest in geothermal energy. Despite this drive, regulatory complexities and competition with other relatively inexpensive energy sources with existing infrastructure have hindered development. As such, interest has grown and waned with changes in the energy economy over several decades, leaving many projects at a standstill. As of January 2023, there are currently no operational geothermal power projects in Canada. Many hot spring pool and spa complexes remain active, and Canada is a leading country in the installation of ground source heat pumps (GSHPs; also called geo-exchange systems). However, in the last decade, the interest in deep geothermal systems has renewed, with many new projects starting up across several provinces and territories. Moreover, projects that had shown limited progress for many years—such as Mount Meager in British Columbia—have begun to renew their development efforts. Research is also expanding within prominent research groups and universities. The areas of focus include both building upon previous studies (such as thermal gradients and the heat flow in sedimentary basins) and researching new methods and resources (such as GSHPs, closed-loop systems, integrated geothermal operations, and hybrid systems, including heat storage). The development is supported by federal, provincial, and territorial governments through grants and the development of regulatory frameworks. Although challenges still remain for Canada to develop its geothermal energy resources, several power, thermal, and co-production projects, ongoing research, funding, and regulatory acts are all moving forward to support geothermal development. This paper aims to study Canada's geothermal energy update in 2023 regarding the aspects mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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40. The Canadian Breast Cancer Symposium 2023 Meeting Report.
- Author
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Cil, Tulin, Boileau, Jean-François, Chia, Stephen, DeCoteau, MJ, Jerzak, Katarzyna J., Koch, Anne, Nixon, Nancy, Quan, May Lynn, Roberts, Amanda, and Brezden-Masley, Christine
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BREAST cancer ,MEDICAL personnel ,CENTRAL nervous system ,ONCOLOGIC surgery ,DUCTAL carcinoma ,CARCINOMA in situ ,EXPERIMENTAL medicine ,ONCOLOGY nursing - Abstract
On 15–16 June 2023, healthcare professionals and breast cancer patients and advocates from across Canada met in Toronto, Ontario, for the 2023 Canadian Breast Cancer Symposium (CBSC.). The CBSC. is a national, multidisciplinary event that occurs every 2 years with the goal of developing a personalized approach to the management of breast cancer in Canada. Experts provided state-of-the-art information to help optimally manage breast cancer patients, including etiology, prevention, diagnosis, experimental biology, and therapy of breast cancer and premalignant breast disease. The symposium also had the objectives of increasing communication and collaboration among breast cancer healthcare providers nationwide and providing a comprehensive and real-life review of the many facets of breast cancer. The sessions covered the patient voice, the top breast cancer papers from different disciplines in 2022, artificial intelligence in breast cancer, systemic therapy updates, the management of central nervous system metastases, multidisciplinary management of ductal carcinoma in situ, special populations, optimization-based individual prognostic factors, toxicity management of novel therapeutics, survivorship, and updates in surgical oncology. The key takeaways of these sessions have been summarized in this conference report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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