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Kohlrabi is an important swollen-stem cabbage variety belonging to the Brassicaceae family. However, few complete chloroplast genome sequences of this genus have been reported. Here, a complete chloroplast genome with a quadripartite cycle of 153,364 bp was obtained. A total of 132 genes were identified, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes and eight ribosomal RNA genes. The base composition analysis showed that the overall GC content was 36.36% of the complete chloroplast genome sequence. Relative synonymous codon usage frequency (RSCU) analysis showed that most codons with values greater than 1 ended with A or U, while most codons with values less than 1 ended with C or G. Thirty-five scattered repeats were identified and most of them were distributed in the large single-copy (LSC) region. A total of 290 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were found and 188 of them were distributed in the LSC region. Phylogenetic relationship analysis showed that five Brassica oleracea subspecies were clustered into one group and the kohlrabi chloroplast genome was closely related to that of B. oleracea var. botrytis. Our results provide a basis for understanding chloroplast-dependent metabolic studies and provide new insight for understanding the polyploidization of Brassicaceae species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) has emerged as the predominant causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children. Since the declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic, the incidence of infectious diseases, including HFMD, has decreased markedly. When social mitigation was relaxed during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022, the re-emergence of HFMD was observed in Gwangju, South Korea, and seasonal characteristics of the disease appeared to have changed. To investigate the molecular characteristics of enterovirus (EV) associated with HFMD during 2022, 277 specimens were collected. Children aged younger than 5 years accounted for the majority of affected individuals. EV detection and genotyping were performed using real-time RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR followed by sequence analysis. The EV detection rate was found to be 82.3%, and the main genotype identified was CV-A6. Sixteen CV-A6 samples were selected for whole genome sequencing. According to phylogenetic analysis, all CV-A6 strains from this study belonged to the sub-genotype D3 clade based on VP1 sequences. Analysis of 3D polymerase phylogeny showed that only the recombinant RF-A group was identified. In conclusion, circulating EV types should be continuously monitored to understand pathogen emergence and evolution during the post-pandemic era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decapod hepandensovirus 1 (DHPV) is a viral pathogen that causes growth retardation and decreased feed conversion efficiency in penaeid shrimp. The virus exhibits high genetic variation between different hosts and geographical locations. It has been primarily reported in cultured Penaeus monodon , P. chinensis , and P. merguiensis , and a new type of DHPV has recently been reported in P. vannamei cultured in Korea and Taiwan. In this study, the genome of a recently reported new type of DHPV was fully sequenced by conventional Sanger sequencing combined with a next-generation sequencing approach. Similar to the other types of DHPVs infecting several shrimp species other than P. vannamei , a new type of DHPV contained a linear, single-stranded DNA genome of 6173 bp comprising three major open reading frames. However, by detailed comparative genome and phylogenetic analysis, the virus was not clustered with the pre-existing genotypes, suggesting the emergence of a possible novel genotype of DHPV in cultured shrimps. This study is the first to report the complete genomic sequence of DHPV identified in P. vannamei. • A new genotype of Decapod hepandensovirus 1 (DHPV) is found in Penaeus vannamei. • Complete genome sequence of DHPV infecting Penaeus vannamei presented in the study. • The DNA genome is 6173 bp in size, comprising 3 major open reading frames (ORFs). • ORF 3 region of the new DHPV shows notably low similarity to 9 historic viruses. • The phylogenetic tree shows the new DHPV doesn't cluster with existing genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]