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A new, moderately large shell of a fossil species from the family Fasciolariidae Gray, 1853 is described from the Middle Miocene at Bengbreng Hill, West Java, Indonesia. The shell of this new species is related to species of the genus Clavilithes Swainson, 1840. The characteristics of a globular body whorl, low spire, and moderately long siphonal canal, distinguish it from species of the genus Clavilithes that have a fusiform shape, high spire, and usually long siphonal canal. This leads to its placement in a new genus Indolithes new genus. The new fossil species is compared with two other fossil species of Fasciolariidae from Java, Clavilithes fennemai (K. Martin, 1906) and C. verbeeki (K. Martin, 1895). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two moderate earthquakes struck the South-Central part of Java Island (in Indonesia's archipelago) with Mw 5.7 and Mw 5.9 on June 06 and June 30, 2023, respectively. Both earthquakes were followed by ~100 aftershocks with widespread and strong impacts along Java Island where some regions suffered several damages. In this study, both earthquake mechanisms were derived from the Bayesian moment tensor inversion and configure a unique faulting with a thrusting mechanism that is striking perpendicularly with the trench in the N–S direction. The results of the hypocenter relocation, using an updated 1-D velocity model, show that the aftershocks of the Mw 5.9 occurred deeper than the interface zone, while the aftershocks of the Mw 5.7 were located shallower above the slab. Both earthquakes can robustly confirm possible evidence of different faulting vertically clustered above the intraslab zone. The Mw 5.9 can be assumed as the backstop system dipping to the east–west direction, while Mw 5.7 is the backthrust system with south-dipping. Furthermore, a broad impact of both earthquakes on the resilience of MMI VI intensity with PGA value > 100 gal can be used to update the mitigation plan for the intraslab earthquake in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the human toll of the 1944–1945 famine in Java, Indonesia's main island. It estimates birth and death rates for the Indonesian population in Java during 1941–1951. Using the net population loss method, the article approximates a net loss of 3.3 million people during the 1942–1945 Japanese occupation period. This includes 1.8 million excess deaths; 0.7 million during 1944 and 1.1 million during 1945. The remainder are 1.4 million missing births in 1944 and 1945, associated with the malnutrition of women of childbearing ages and physical separation of wives from husbands recruited by Japanese authorities for forced labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The genus Neosimnia P. Fisher, 1884, is reported for the first time from Indonesia in the form of several fossil species, recovered together from the Miocene deposits of Tasikmalaya, West Java. The species described closely resemble their current Atlantic counterparts, of which they exhibit all the modern characteristics. Nevertheless, they are undoubtedly new to science, as no living or fossil specimens of this genus are known from the Indian Ocean or the Western Pacific Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the recent evolution of street-level, small-scale Muslim economies in Java, Indonesia, and the role they have been playing as cultural and material infrastructure for Islamic morality discourses in the wake of the pivotal Aksi Bela Islam 212 (Defend Islam Action 212) rally in Jakarta on 2 December 2016. These small-scale economies are instances of the devolution of halal consumerism in Indonesia, which flows in turn from changes in the landscape of political Islam. These street-level economies provide political Islam with the solidarity of a Muslim cooperative structure, commodifying symbols associated with the rally. Three case studies are presented in support of these arguments. The first is the 212 Cooperative, a chain of minimarts known as '212 Marts' designed as a Muslim alternative to the ubiquitous market forerunners such as Indomaret and Alfamart. Second, we describe an ecosystem of exchange that has evolved around new mosque-based programmes that have invigorated human traffic in and around mosques in Bandung and Yogyakarta. Our third case study is the small-scale lapak traders who follow particular celebrity preachers as they tour, and who operate after Friday prayers. These cases reveal the growing importance of low-end economies (involving low-priced commodities, consumers with relatively low buying capacity, and small-scale traders) in the development of halal consumerism in Indonesia and point to their role in perpetuating morality discourses associated with the 212 rally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Bistolida Cossmann, 1920 is described fromthe Miocene of theCibalong area, Tasikmalaya Regency of western Java, Indonesia. Morphological analyses of theshell dimensions, outline, extremities, aperture shape, and apertural teeth shows a combinationofcharacters that are typical of the genus Bistolida. Although the genus has not previouslybeenreported from Java, its presence in the Miocene fossil record is supported by the six specimens that are shown here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legend of Siti Jenar is among the most widely known and controversial tales in Javanese Islamic literature. While the details vary enormously, the core of the story is the same. Siti Jenar is the saint (wali) who passes beyond religion, as it is usually defined. He comes to know that there is ultimately only one reality -- that of Allah -- and that we all share in it. He is put on trial for publicly proclaiming the doctrine of the unity of being (wahdat al-wujud) that identifies the human soul with the essence of Allah (dat) and for rejecting modes of ritual performance required by Shari’ah including the Friday prayer. He was then executed on orders from the other wali. There are many versions of the story in Javanese chronicles (babad) and religious texts. Many more that circulate as oral tradition. There is a continuous string of new books, most of the in Indonesian instead of Javanese and websites retelling the story for contemporary audiences.

Following the discovery of hominin fossils at Trinil (Java, Indonesia) in 1891 and 1892, Eugène Dubois named a new species, now known as Homo erectus. Although the main historical events are well-known, there appears to be no consensus regarding two important aspects of the naming of the species, including what constitutes the original publication of the name, and what is the name-bearing type specimen. These issues are addressed in this paper with reference to original sources and the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Our review confirms earlier studies that cite the published quarterly fieldwork report covering the 3rd quarter of 1892 as the original publication naming the species erectus. However, until recently, the correct publication year of 1893 has consistently been cited as 1892, and it has rarely been recognized that the author of the publication was anonymous, even though the author of the species is specifically named. Importantly, Dubois assigns all three hominin fossils found at Trinil up to that moment to the new species, explicitly stating that they belong to a single individual. The three fossils, a molar, a calotte, and a femur, therefore jointly constitute the original holotype. However, the femur most likely derives from younger strata than the other hominins and shows fully modern human-like morphology, unlike subsequently discovered H. erectus femora. Moreover, there is no consensus over the affinities of the molar, and if it is H. erectus rather than an extinct ape, there is no evidence that it belongs to the same individual as the calotte. Excluding these two fossils from the holotype, the calotte is the appropriate fossil to retain the role as name-bearing specimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]