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• Water resources system has multi-link characteristics. • The resilience evaluation index system of water resources system is constructed. • The resilience of regional water resources system is evaluated. • The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of resilience are analyzed. As environmental and human changes combine, water shortage and ecological fragility are becoming increasingly serious issues in the basin. The national "14th Five-Year Plan" proposes to build resilient basins to enhance disaster resilience. On the basis of clarifying the multi-link characteristics of water resources system resilience under the influence of meteorology-hydrology-ecology-society-economy, this paper reveals the interrelationship and chain reaction among the factors affecting the resilience of water resources system by clarifying the multi-link characteristics of water resources system resilience. Based on the interconnections among meteorology-hydrology-engineering-economic society-ecology in regional water resources systems, this study constructs a resilience evaluation index for the water resources system. The index considers different objectives, dimensions, and scales to provide a comprehensive assessment of the system's resilience. Based on the multi-dimensional relationship of the evaluation index system, the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method based on entropy weight method is employed to depict the resilience level of the water resources system at varying spatial and temporal scales. By focusing on Shanxi Province as the research subject, a multi-link evaluation framework for assessing the resilience of the water resources system is established, and a quantitative approach to evaluate its resilience is investigated. The results show that the level of water resources resilience in Shanxi Province has improved from 2017 to 2021, and there are certain spatial and temporal differences. In 2021, only Lvliang City and Yangquan City have low resilience level, and the resilience level of other cities has been improved. Among them, Taiyuan City has the highest resilience level of 0.56, which belongs to the high resilience level. The research results can improve the cognitive level of multi-link evolution mechanism of resilience to a certain extent, and provide scientific basis for multi-dimensional targeted regulation of water resources system resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]