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This study examines the tensions between newcomer migrants and established immigrants in the workforce in the United Kingdom. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 participants in a food-manufacturing company to investigate how solidarity and conflict among groups of migrants impact their ability to integrate into the workplace. The research found that heightened levels of conflict occur between new and long-term immigrants. This engenders segregation as well as discrimination within the immigrant groups, which then hampers their career growth opportunities. The results have important consequences for diversity and inclusion in the workforce. The study shows that diversity needs a greater and wider focus than the current emphasis on the local population vs. immigrant paradigm. More attention should be devoted to tackling tensions between groups of immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subjective well-being (SWB) is emerging as an important measure of individual and societal progress. Among the many individual factors associated with SWB, the quality of the neighbourhood is recently receiving growing attention as a factor shaping self-reported life satisfaction in contemporary societies. However, to the best of our knowledge, studies focusing on the perceived quality of the neighbourhood are still scant. We aim to fill this gap, comparing self-reported life satisfaction of different population groups (i.e., immigrants and natives) living in European countries, and to analyse the association between self-reported life satisfaction and the perceived quality of the neighbourhood, controlling for individual socio-demographic and human capital variables and socio-economic characteristics of the country of residence. The data are drawn from the cross-sectional European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) of 2016. Our findings reveal that first and second-generation immigrants report lower self-reported life satisfaction compared to natives. Moreover, our findings show that the positive subjective evaluation of the characteristics and services available in the immediate neighbourhood where people live is positively associated with self-reported life satisfaction. There is also a positive relationship between contacts and social networks in the neighbourhood and self-reported life satisfaction. Finally, the characteristics of the country of residence matter for both native and immigrants' life satisfaction, with immigrants being more satisfied in countries with higher quality of life captured by country gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, life expectancy and unemployment rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the occupational status and distribution of free women in the antebellum USA. It considers both their reported and unreported (imputed) occupations, using the 1/100 microdata files from the 1860 Census of Population, the only Census that asked free women's occupations while slavery was legal. After developing and testing the model based on economic and demographic variables used to explain whether a free woman has an occupation, analyses are conducted comparing their occupational distribution to free men, along with analyses among women by marital status, nativity, and the prevalence of slavery. This paper highlights the importance of including unreported family workers in discussions of free female labor market contributions, as their inclusion dramatically shifts the overall female labor force participation rate, as well as their occupational distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This environmental scan assesses the current landscape of online employment services for immigrant professionals in Canada. The data collection method involved web scanning of twelve urban centers and two rural census areas with high per capita immigrant populations. The study analyzed 80 online services for immigrants in Canada based on geographical variation, the type of digital modality, clientele, and needs addressed. The findings reveal disparities in access to online employment programs tailored for skilled immigrants across different geographic locations. In addition, e-learning and self-paced online courses were identified as the most prevalent digital modalities. In terms of targeted clientele, findings show that the services primarily targeted immigrants as a homogenous group, with a notable emphasis on supporting skilled immigrants in high-demand fields such as IT and healthcare. Finally, access to job search resources emerged as the highest priority among the needs addressed, while areas such as financial assistance have the potential for further growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclical and structural factors are overlapping in Germany's sluggish overall economic development. Until recently, there have been more headwinds than tailwinds from both the external and domestic economy. A low momentum recovery is likely to set in after spring. Net immigration has stabilised the labour force substantially; the productivity of immigrants remains subdued though due to integration problems and qualification mismatches. While a mild reform of the debt brake is advisable, a reorganisation of the overall fiscal constitution to better shield municipal investment activity from cyclical budget shortfalls is much more important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most salient findings in research on immigration has been that immigrants experience substantial economic mobility as they accumulate more years in the host-society labor force and eventually approach earnings parity with their native-born counterparts. However, we do not know whether this progress is sustained in retirement. In this paper, I develop a framework of Latent Cumulative (Dis)advantage and hypothesize that even as immigrants are approaching parity with the native-born in terms of current earnings, they accumulate disadvantages in lifetime earnings, job benefits, and retirement planning that eventually lead them to have growing disadvantages in income in later life. Drawing on decades of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study, I find that while foreign- and native-born men in the United States both experience a decline in income after age 50, the decline is much more substantial among foreign-born men. As a result, immigrant men's economic assimilation is reversed in later life. I find evidence that this phenomenon is driven mainly by immigrants' lower lifetime earnings and cumulative exposure to worse job benefits. Given that the foreign-born elderly population in the United States is projected to quadruple by 2050, findings from this paper have important implications for long-term policy planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community-based organizations (CBOs) are key players in mitigating the impact of restrictive policy changes on immigrant communities. The ability of these organizations to help diffuse the stress caused by restrictive, rapidly changing immigration policies depends, in part, on the capacity and health of their workforce. This study presents findings from a qualitative study conducted with 10 Bangladeshi community frontline workers working in various CBOs and advocacy organizations to understand their experience navigating a heightened anti-immigrant, anti-Muslim climate. Through thematic analyses, we inferred that the 2016 presidential election increased stress and mobilization among community frontline workers, with a meaningful distinction between participants working for immigration-focused institutions versus those in institutions where immigration issues were not the primary focus (e.g. health services, cultural programming). For those working in immigration-focused institutions, work burden increased due to challenges in managing misinformation, making sense of policy changes, and meeting the needs of families impacted by deportation. A toll on frontline workers' own physical health and mental health was discussed, as well as the need for culturally congruent mental health supports for the South Asian community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last 30 years, Romania has faced one of the most significant migration phenomena globally, losing over two million inhabitants according to official statistics. However, these figures are reported based on the registered domicile of the population, with many immigrants avoiding changing their residence in Romania, even though they live and work in other countries for decades. This migration has primarily affected the active population, leading to an increasing deficit in Romania's labor market in recent years. Current estimates already indicate a shortage of personnel in sectors such as technology, healthcare, education, or construction. For the year 2024, Romania has approved a new quota of 100,000 foreign workers to address this issue. This decision was made due to the high number of work permit requests in the last 12 months and the significant number of job vacancies reported by employers. This study aims to use methodologies employed by the OECD and the European Commission to project long-term labor force trends in Romania (until 2070) in comparison with other EU member states, anticipating the economic impact of population aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution and labor mobility are two important social phenomena associated with China's pursuit of high-quality development. First, this paper matches China's urban characteristics data with China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2017. Then, the conditional logit model is used to empirically investigate the effects and heterogeneity of air pollution on employment location choice. Finally, combined with the concept of risk perception in psychology, this paper explores the underlying mechanisms. The main results are as follows: (1) Air pollution has a significant negative effect on employment location choice of labor force. Specifically, a 1 μg/m3 increase in PM 2.5 concentration in a city can result in a significant decrease of 0.917 percentage points in the probability that the labor force will choose to work in that city. (2) There are heterogeneous characteristics of the negative impact of air pollution on employment location choice. Those with higher education level, outdoor work, relatively higher individual income, and 1–2 minor children are more sensitive to air pollution when choosing employment sites. (3) The mechanism analysis shows that perceived air pollution is an important channel influencing labor's employment location choice, and the stronger the stimulus of air pollution, the greater the negative impact of perceived air pollution on labor force. • This paper matches China's urban characteristics data with China Migrants Dynamic Survey. • The effects and heterogeneity of air pollution on employment location choice is explored. • Combined with the concept of risk perception in psychology, this paper explores the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]