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In this article, the nonclassical transient heat propagation process in a cracked strip is investigated by Guyer–Krumhansl (G–K) model, which incorporates both the time lagging behavior and the spatially nonlocal effect. The impulsive thermal loading as well as cyclic loading exerted on the top bounding surface are examined to explore the non-Fourier thermal characteristics. By means of the Laplace transform and Fourier transform, the governing partial differential equations subjected to mixed boundary conditions are converted to a group of singular integral equations. With the aid of numerical Laplace inversion, the transient temperatures are calculated to make comparisons of thermal responses determined by Fourier's law, Cattaneo–Vernotte (C–V) equation, and G–K model. The numerical results display the specific thermal behaviors of G–K model in the cracked medium and demonstrate the G–K model's capabilities in eliminating the unrealistic phenomena accompanied by C–V equation. Our research would contribute to achieving a better understanding of the transient heat conduction in small-sized systems or composites at the macroscopic scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the data from weather observation stations, an assessment of statistical significance of the first harmonic amplitude of the long-term average daily precipitation series in Russia in 1961‒2020 and their changes in 1991‒2020 compared to 1961‒1990 is made. It is shown that at most stations the first harmonic has a reliable value different from the noise, except for eleven stations in the southern regions of the European part of Russia. It is revealed that on average there is a significant decrease in the first harmonic amplitudes of the daily precipitation series across Russia. An analysis of the spatial distribution of the studied quantities is performed and the presence of large areas with their homogeneous character is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this article is to derive certain continuity and boundedness properties of the coupled fractional Fourier transform on Schwartz-like spaces. We extend the domain of the coupled fractional Fourier transform to the space of tempered distributions and then study the mapping properties of pseudo-differential operators associated with the coupled fractional Fourier transform on a Schwartz-like space. We conclude the article by applying some of the results to obtain an analytical solution of a generalized heat equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermoreflectance method, which can measure thermal diffusivity in the cross-plane direction of thin films, mainly has two possible configurations; rear-heat front-detect (RF) and front-heat front-detect (FF) configuration. FF configuration is applicable to a wide variety of thin films including thin films deposited on opaque substrates, but this configuration has some problems in determination of the thermal diffusivity. One of the main problems is the effect of the penetration of pump beam and probe beam in thin film, which affects the initial temperature distribution near the sample's surface after pulse heating. Several studies have tried to analyze the effect but there have been no practical analytical solutions which can solve this problem in FF configuration. In this paper, we propose a new analytical solution which considers the penetration of pump beam and probe beam into thin film, and by applying Fourier expansion analysis which we developed in a previous study to thermoreflectance signals, we have determined the thermal diffusivity of thin film in the thermoreflectance method under FF configuration. We measured platinum thin films with different thickness under both FF and RF configuration and obtained consistent thermal diffusivity values from both configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we derive some Fourier transforms of confluent hypergeometric functions. We give generalizations of several well-known results involving Fourier transforms of gamma functions. In particular, the generalizations include some Ramanujan's remarkable formulas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present work, we establish new fundamental uncertainty principles for the fractional ambiguity function. These principles are generalized forms of inequalities concerning the Fourier transform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a problem of estimating a large loss probability of financial derivatives portfolio, which are commonly modeled as nested expectations. However, the cost of nested simulation may be too expensive and thus multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) method is recently used to reduce the nested simulation complexity. When using antithetic MLMC to solve the indicator function, we get the complexity of O(ϵ -5/2). To decrease the computational burden, we use a Fourier transform method to modify the form of indicator function. The new estimator is sufficiently smooth and enables the antithetic MLMC method to achieve a better complexity. In addtion, we combine quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) with MLMC to reduce the variance of inner estimator. Numerical results show that using the Fourier transform method in both MLMC and MLQMC can attain the optimal complexity O(ϵ -2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a dilation matrix M, a so-called space of M-positive vectors in the Euclidean space is introduced and studied. An algebraic structure of this space is similar to the positive half-line equipped with the termwise addition modulo 2, which is used in the Walsh analysis. The role of harmonics is played by some analogues of the classical Walsh functions. The concept of Fourier transform is introduced, and the Poisson summation formula, Plancherel theorem, Vilenkin-Chrestenson formulas and so on are proved. A kind of analogue of the Schwartz class is studied. This class consists of functions such that both the function itself and its Fourier transform have compact support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas turbines play a vital role in gas transportation and power generation, but they are prone to instability phenomena that can lead to vibrations, shorten equipment lifespan, and result in catastrophic failures. To tackle these challenges, a paper introduces an integrated approach that leverages advanced techniques like Fourier transform, Neuro-Fuzzy systems, and wavelet analysis for continuous monitoring of the MS5002C turbine's condition. The proposed method begins by collecting operational data and utilizing the Fourier transform to measure vibratory quantities, accurately representing their evolution through spectral data obtained from the analyzed signals. Adaptive inference-based algorithms of neuro-fuzzy systems are then employed to generate turbine failure indicators. This approach enables the development of a model-based fault detection method that compares the actual turbine operation with the estimated operation derived from a pre-established model, enabling the classification of detected faults. To enhance decision-making quality, evaluation, and validation of the diagnostic strategy's performance, a multi-resolution analysis based on the wavelet transform is applied. The presented results from various implementation and validation tests demonstrate the effectiveness of this intelligent diagnostic approach in detecting and analyzing gas turbine vibrations. The paper exhibits promising outcomes in real-time monitoring, ensuring the operational safety of the turbine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let { A n } n = 1 ∞ be a sequence of expanding matrices with A n ∈ M 2 ⁢ (ℤ) , and let { D n } n = 1 ∞ be a sequence of three-element digit sets with { x ∈ (0 , 1) 2 : ∑ d ∈ D n e 2 ⁢ π ⁢ i ⁢ 〈 d , x 〉 = 0 } = { ± 1 3 ⁢ (1 , i) t } , i ∈ { 1 , 2 } . The associated Moran measure generated by the infinite convolution μ { A n } , { D n } = δ A 1 - 1 ⁢ D 1 * δ A 1 - 1 ⁢ A 2 - 1 ⁢ D 2 * δ A 1 - 1 ⁢ A 2 - 1 ⁢ A 3 - 1 ⁢ D 3 * ⋯. In this paper, we give some necessary and sufficient conditions for μ { A n } , { D n } to be a spectral measure under some suitable conditions on A n and D n . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We find explicit expressions for optimal recovery methods in the problem of recovering the values of continuous linear operators on a Sobolev function class from the following information: The Fourier transform of functions is known approximately on some measurable subset of the finite-dimensional space on which the functions are defined. As corollaries, we obtain optimal methods for recovering the solution to the heat equation and solving the Dirichlet problem for a half-space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this note we study character sheaves for graded Lie algebras arising from inner automorphisms of special linear groups and Vinberg's type II classical graded Lie algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-world data often exhibits a long-tailed distribution in practical scenarios. However, deep learning models usually face challenges when it comes to effectively identifying infrequent classes amidst the abundance of prevalent ones. The fundamental issue lies in the scarcity of available information for tail classes. A highly intuitive approach is to uncover a greater amount of valuable information specifically tailored to these tail classes. We find that textual information of class names and frequency domain information of images are ignored by previous works in long-tailed visual recognition. Therefore, we propose a Text-Guided Fourier Augmentation (TGFA) method with the aid of language models and the Fourier transform to excavate more useful information for tail classes. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed method effectively enriches training data on-the-fly, allowing for an end-to-end one-stage supervised contrastive learning framework that surpasses other methods including two-stage or multi-experts methods, in terms of efficiency and performance. • A novel Text-Guided Fourier Augmentation method for long-tailed visual recognition. • First work fusing textual and Fourier information to enhancing long-tailed learning. • Our end-to-end method outperforms two-stage or multi-experts long-tailed methods. • Superior over other methods in terms of efficiency and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a frequency-time hybrid solver for the time-dependent wave equation in two-dimensional interior spatial domains. The approach relies on four main elements, namely, (1) A multiple scattering strategy that decomposes a given interior time-domain problem into a sequence of limited-duration time-domain problems of scattering by overlapping open arcs, each one of which is reduced (by means of the Fourier transform) to a sequence of Helmholtz frequency-domain problems ; (2) Boundary integral equations on overlapping boundary patches for the solution of the frequency-domain problems in point (1); (3) A smooth "Time-windowing and recentering" methodology that enables both treatment of incident signals of long duration and long time simulation; and, (4) A Fourier transform algorithm that delivers numerically dispersionless, spectrally-accurate time evolution for given incident fields. By recasting the interior time-domain problem in terms of a sequence of open-arc multiple scattering events, the proposed approach regularizes the full interior frequency domain problem—which, if obtained by either Fourier or Laplace transformation of the corresponding interior time-domain problem, must encapsulate infinitely many scattering events, giving rise to non-uniqueness and eigenfunctions in the Fourier case, and ill conditioning in the Laplace case. Numerical examples are included which demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we define generalized Fourier and inverse Fourier transforms containing the h-exponential function in their kernels and give the fundamental properties of these transforms. We also compute the transforms of both the classical and the generalized Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional operators. In addition, we compute the transforms of some elementary and generalized special functions as well. Finally, as applications, we obtain the solutions of two differential equations with ordinary and fractional derivatives using the transforms we have defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New classes of evolution differential equations with the Liouville derivative in Banach spaces are studied. Equations are considered on the whole real line and are not endowed by the initial conditions. Using the methods of the Fourier transform theory, we prove the unique solvability in the sense of classical solutions for the equation solved with respect to the Liouville fractional derivative with a bounded operator at the unknown function. This allows us to obtain the analogous result for the equation with a linear degenerate operator at the fractional derivative and with a spectrally bounded pair of operators. Abstract results are applied to obtain new results on the unique solvability of systems of ordinary differential equations, boundary problems to partial differential equations, and systems of equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fault diagnosis of analog circuits is a classical problem, and its difficulty lies in the similarity between fault features. To address the issue, an end-to-end mutually exclusive autoencoder (EEMEAE) fault diagnosis method for analog circuits is proposed. In order to make full use of the advantages of Fourier transform(FT) and wavelet packet transform(WPT) for extracting signal features, the original signals processed by FT and WPT are fed into two autoencoders respectively. The hidden layers of the autoencoders are mutually exclusive by Euclidean distance restriction. And the reconstruction layer is replaced by a softmax layer and 1-norm combined with cross-entropy that can effectively enhance the discriminability of features. Finally, the learning rate is adjusted adaptively by the difference of loss function to further improve the convergence speed and diagnostic performance of the model. The proposed method is verified by the simulation circuit and actual circuit and the experimental results illustrate that it is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermoreflectance technique is one of the few methods which can measure thermal diffusivity of thin films as thin as 100 nm or thinner in the cross-plane direction. The thermoreflectance method under rear-heat front-detect configuration is sometimes called ultrafast laser flash method because of its similarity to laser flash method. Up to now it has typically only been possible to attempt to evaluate the interfacial thermal resistance between the thin films by preparing and measuring several samples with different thicknesses. In this study, a method to directly determine interfacial thermal resistance by a single measurement of a thin film on substrate is represented, by analyzing the shape of thermoreflectance signals with analytical solutions in frequency domain and time domain. Thermoreflectance signals observed from metallic thin films on sapphire substrate with different thickness steps were analyzed by Fourier analysis and fitted by analytical equations with four parameters: heat diffusion time across the first layer, ratio of virtual heat sources, characteristic time of cooling determined by interfacial thermal resistance and relative amplitude of the signal. Interface thermal resistance between the thin film and substrate was able to be determined reliably with smaller uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning framework that enables scattered participants to collaboratively train machine learning models without revealing information to other participants. Due to its distributed nature, FL is susceptible to being manipulated by malicious clients. These malicious clients can launch backdoor attacks by contaminating local data or tampering with local model gradients, thereby damaging the global model. However, existing backdoor attacks in distributed scenarios have several vulnerabilities. For example, (1) the triggers in distributed backdoor attacks are mostly visible and easily perceivable by humans; (2) these triggers are mostly applied in the spatial domain, inevitably corrupting the semantic information of the contaminated pixels. To address these issues, this paper introduces a frequency-domain injection-based backdoor attack in FL. Specifically, by performing a Fourier transform, the trigger and the clean image are linearly mixed in the frequency domain, injecting the low-frequency information of the trigger into the clean image while preserving its semantic information. Experiments on multiple image classification datasets demonstrate that the attack method proposed in this paper is stealthier and more effective in FL scenarios compared to existing attack methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider estimates for the Fourier transform of measures concentrated on smooth surfaces given by the graph of a smooth function with simple Arnold singularities such that both principal curvatures of the surface vanish at some point. We prove that if the multiplicity of the critical point of the function does not exceed , then the Fourier transforms of the corresponding surface measures belong to for any . Note that for any smooth surface the Fourier transform of a nontrivial surface measure with compact support does not belong to ; i.e., the -estimate obtained is sharp. Moreover, there exists a function with an singularity (the multiplicity of the critical point of the function is equal to ) such that the Fourier transform of the corresponding surface measure does not belong to , which shows the sharpness of the results for the multiplicity of the critical point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, estimates are obtained for the Fourier transform of smooth charges (measures) concentrated on some nonconvex hypersurfaces. The summability of the maximal Randall function is proved for a wide class of nonconvex hypersurfaces. In addition, in the three-dimensional case, estimates are obtained depending on the Varchenko height. The accuracy of the obtained estimates is proved. The proof of the estimate for oscillatory integrals is based on the Weierstrass preparatory theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lp$L_p$ Busemann–Petty problem for 00$\varepsilon >0$ small enough, if K is an Lp$L_p$ intersection body and L is a star body such that for any u∈Sn−1$u\in S^{n-1}$, the following inequality: ∥u∥IpK−p≤∥u∥IpL−p+ε$$\begin{equation*} \Vert u\Vert _{I_pK}^{-p}\le \Vert u\Vert _{I_pL}^{-p}+\varepsilon \end{equation*}$$implies V(K)n−pn≤V(L)n−pn+Cε,$$\begin{equation*} V(K)^{\frac{n-p}{n}}\le V(L)^{\frac{n-p}{n}}+C\varepsilon , \end{equation*}$$where ∥·∥IpK$\Vert \cdot \Vert _{I_pK}$ is the Minkowski functional of IpK$I_pK$, and C is a positive number depending only on p and n. Moreover, we also prove the linear stability and separation results for the negative answer of the Lp$L_p$ Busemann–Petty problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state-space formulation for two-dimensional generalized thermoviscoelasticity has been formulated. In this formulation, the governing equations are transformed into a matrix equation whose solution enables us to write the solution of any two-dimensional problem in terms of the boundary conditions. The resulting formulation is applied to a 2 D problem of a half-space subjected to harmonically varying heating with constant angular frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of handwritten electronic signatures has expanded in various application scenarios, leading to an increased demand for identification. Unlike handwriting signatures, handwritten electronic signatures offer the advantage of extracting dynamic feature data, including writing pressure, velocity, and acceleration. In this study, the Fourier transform was employed to extract 18 characteristics from the time domain and frequency domain of writing pressure, velocity, and acceleration. The experimental findings revealed distinguishable differences between genuine signatures and random forgeries in writing pressure. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in writing velocity and writing acceleration. Moreover, significant differences were detected in most characteristics when comparing genuine signatures with freehand imitation forgeries and tracing imitation forgeries. The canonical discriminant analysis was performed between the genuine and Non‐genuine signatures; the cross‐validation estimated the discriminating power of these characteristics with a satisfactory result. The study proposed a new approach to analyzing handwritten electronic signatures using time‐domain and frequency‐domain characteristics and demonstrated its effectiveness in the examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of broadband quantization data increases the possibility of practical applications for fish target recognition based on the acoustic scattering theory. However, the quantification of broadband data is more complex than that of narrowband systems, requiring consideration of the broadband characteristics of split-beam transducers, seawater absorption, and circuits. This paper elucidates the scatterer acoustic field equation, transducer power equation, and signal processing flow in split-beam broadband quantization technology for engineering applications. A broadband calculation model based on transducer parameters is proposed to enhance the generalization ability of broadband quantization technology to different types of sonar. The classical echo integration method is combined with Fourier transform to meet the requirements of target strength (TS) estimation under broadband signals. This paper includes a series of experiments to prove the rationality and effectiveness of the method. The results demonstrate that the provided calculation model can more accurately reflect the backscattering characteristics of the scatterer, but certain errors remain. This article analyzes the sources of errors and validates the effectiveness of the new TS calculation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we consider the Fourier transform of the convolution of a distribution and a function which is an element of the space S0(ℝ). Also, we give an application of the obtained result to the sequences that converge in the same space, and we give their analytic representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let { S d } d = 0 2 N − 1 be an iterated function system defined by S d (x) = (− 1) d ρ (x + d) , x ∈ R , where 0 < ρ < 1 and N is a positive integer. Let μ ρ , D 2 N be a self-similar measure defined by μ ρ , D 2 N (⋅) = 1 2 N ∑ d = 0 2 N − 1 μ ρ , D 2 N (S d − 1 (⋅)). We show that μ ρ , D 2 N is a spectral measure if and only if ρ = p − 1 for some nature number p and 2 N divides p. Moreover, we introduce a useful way to determine the spectrality of the convolution of two infinitely supported measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this note, we discuss the validity of formula (4.54) in Grabisch's book from 2016. This equation expresses the Choquet integral of nonnegative functions w.r.t. a game in the form of linear invertible transform of set functions. However, the formula (erroneously) excludes the empty set, which has consequences for deriving Choquet integral representations in the literature using this approach. We point out that results for several transforms (e.g. Möbius, or co-Möbius transform) are not affected, but it is not the case of others (e.g. Fourier transform). In this spirit, we also provide a new formula for the Choquet integral representation via the Shapley interaction transform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although great success has been achieved in various computer vision tasks, deep neural networks (DNNs) suffer dramatic performance degradation when evaluated on out-of-distribution data. Domain generalization (DG) is proposed to handle this problem by learning domain-agnostic information from multiple source domains to generalize well on unseen target domains. Several methods resort to Fourier transform due to its simplicity and efficiency. They argue that amplitude spectra imply domain-specific information, which should be suppressed, while phase counterparts imply domain-agnostic information, which should be preserved. However, these methods only suppress the domain-specific information in source domains and neglect the relationship with target domains, leading to the persistence of the domain gap. Besides, these methods preserve domain-agnostic information by keeping phase components unchanged, causing them to be underutilized. In this paper, we propose Dual Branch Augmentation Module (DBAM) by leveraging Fourier transform and taking advantage of both amplitude and phase spectra. For the amplitude branch, we propose Inner-domain Amplitude Distribution Rectification (IADR) and Cross-domain Amplitude Dirichlet Mixup (CADM) to stabilize the training process and explore more feature space. In addition, we propose Test-time Amplitude Prototype Calibration (TAPC) to construct the connection between source and target domains during evaluation to further mitigate the domain gap. For the phase branch, we propose Random Symmetric Phase Perturbation (RSPP) to enhance the robustness for recognizing domain-agnostic information. With the combined contributions of the two branches, DBAM significantly surpasses other state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. Extensive experiments on four benchmarks and further analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of DBAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper concerns problems of the recovery of operators from noisy information in weighted L q -spaces with homogeneous weights. A number of general theorems are proved and applied to finding exact constants in multidimensional Carlson type inequalities with several weights and problems of the recovery of differential operators from a noisy Fourier transform. In particular, optimal methods are obtained for the recovery of powers of generalized Laplace operators from a noisy Fourier transform in the L p -metric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An infinitely smooth symmetric convex body K ⊂ R d is called k -separably integrable, 1 ≤ k < d , if its k -dimensional isotropic volume function V K , H (t) = H d ({ x ∈ K : dist (x , H ⊥) ≤ t }) can be written as a finite sum of products in which the dependence on H ∈ Gr k (R d) and t ∈ R is separated. In this paper, we will obtain a complete classification of such bodies. Namely, we will prove that if d − k is even, then K is an ellipsoid, and if d − k is odd, then K is a Euclidean ball. This generalizes the recent classification of polynomially integrable convex bodies in the symmetric case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Semi-analytic methods are used to solve 3D DPL problems. • Compared with FEM, the semi-analytic method has higher computational efficiency. • The phase lag of heat flow and the phase lag of temperature gradient have influence on the temperature response speed and the formation of temperature field. With the development of picosecond laser technology, the dual-phase-lagging (DPL) model is more suitable to describe the heat transfer problem with micro-scale effect and micro-time effect. In this paper, a three-dimensional dual-phase-lagging heat transfer model for picosecond laser processing is established. Then Fourier transform (FT) and Laplace transform (LT) are used to derive the frequency response functions (FRFs) of the problem in the frequency domain, and the inverse Laplace transform (ILT) and discrete-convolution fast Fourier transform (DC-FFT) algorithm are used to solve the temperature field. The calculation accuracy of this method is verified and the effect of phase lag constants on temperature field is studied. The results show that the semi-analytical method has a high accuracy for solving the dual-phase-lagging heat conduction model, and the phase lag of heat flux will affect the heating rate in the heating stage, and the phase lag of temperature gradient will delay the formation of temperature field. The effect of phase lag constants on temperature-time history is investigated and the related phenomena are explained by using the two-step heat transfer theory. This semi-analytical method provides a new approach to solve the problem of three-dimensional dual-phase-lagging heat transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]