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Understanding railway accessibility supports railway regulation and development, but few studies consider different perspectives. We study the spatial distribution of accessibility indicators at the county (city) scale in Fujian Province by spatiotemporal syntax and weighted average travel time using railway timetable data. Export trade, rich commercial activities, and high-speed rail had a significant positive effect on objective accessibility. Fuzhou, Sanming, and Longyan were main transfer centers. The most accessible nodes based on weighted average travel time formed a "U"-shaped corridor along the coast. The county-wide average accessibility was 1.72 h. According to spatiotemporal syntax, local general public budget expenditure (0.758993) and export volume of goods-total retail sales of consumer goods (0.956257) had the most interactive impact, while according to weighted average accessibility, import volume of goods (0.618447) and per capita gross regional product-import volume of goods (0.878573) did. These results provide reference for transportation planning and regional development in Fujian Province., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

This paper comparatively examines residents' attitudes toward the tourism economy across eight rural counties at varying tourism development stages within the Monongahela National Forest region, West Virginia. Nine hypotheses related to attitudes toward sustainable tourism, perceptions of regional collaboration, and perceived strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) are proposed and evaluated with the Social Exchange Theory (SET), Tourism Area Life Cycle model (TALC), and Doxey's Irritation Index as the theoretical foundations. While the nine hypotheses are not consistently supported with mixed findings, it seems that residents from counties at higher levels of development stages are more likely to support tourism development because of its positive economic benefits to communities while disfavoring tourism development for its negative social impacts on communities; to value the importance and benefits of regional collaboration, and to score higher on their communities' strengths in tourism development. Research implications, limitations, and future research needs are discussed.

This study used the provincial panel data on policy adoption rate of university-affiliated think tanks in China from 2005 to 2017 and built a fixed effects model to explore the impact of the policy adoption rate of university-affiliated think tanks on China's economic growth. The results indicated that China's university-affiliated think tanks developed rapidly and the quality of policy advice improved significantly, but obvious regional imbalance existed. The policy adoption rate of university-affiliated think tanks can significantly affect China's economic growth. The impact was significant in the eastern developed region and western underdeveloped region but not in the moderately developed region in central China. The impact was significant in both the southern developed region and northern underdeveloped region, while the impact in the south was more significant than this in the north. Besides, the policy adoption rate of university-affiliated think tanks had obvious time effect on China's economic growth. As time went by, the effect became stronger, which was significant in eastern and central China but not in the western region. The enhancement of effect was significant in both the southern and northern regions, while the enhancement in the south was higher than this in the north.

The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has attracted attention for its extraordinary pace of economic development and is considered to be leading the way in China's transformation from a manufacturing to an innovation cluster. However, due to rapid economic expansion and rapid urbanization, the Great Bay Area still struggles with low energy efficiency and environmental degradation, which has slowed down the pace of development. Therefore, in order to alleviate energy pressure, promote the country's sustainable development and gain a competitive advantage in the global market, researching energy efficiency and improving energy utilization efficiency is crucial. In this study, macro-level energy efficiency indicators are constructed using energy consumption data from various cities in the Greater Bay Area for the period from 2000 to 2020, and the spatio-temporal evolution of energy efficiency is analysed. The results show that all cities in the Greater Bay Area experienced an increasing trend in energy efficiency from 2000 to 2019, with significant variation in growth rates and magnitudes between cities. Compared to the nine cities in Guangdong province, Hong Kong and Macao exhibited significantly superior energy efficiency, with Foshan recording the highest growth rate of 14%. In 2020, most cities experienced a decline in energy efficiency due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with Macao experiencing the greatest decrease at 57%. Hong Kong and Macao are both in the "low consumption and high efficiency" target region, while Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Zhuhai are consistently in the "both high" region. Changes in the industrial upgrading index correspond significantly with changes in energy efficiency trajectories, with the transition from primary to secondary and tertiary industries playing a more substantial role. There is no significant association found between the strength of environmental regulation and changes in energy efficiency. The study's findings indicate that the most effective way to achieve economic transformation in the majority of China's regions is to combine adequate environmental legislation with industrial structural adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological innovation is a crucial factor in the technological and economic development of nations today. Ownership and appropriation policies of patents are an important part of innovation processes. The compulsory license is an instrument that in principle aims towards these objectives. However, in Mexico, despite the fact that compulsory licensing was incorporated into patent legislation more than a century ago, it has been exercised very rarely. The overwhelming lack of registration of compulsory licenses has been due, among other factors, to the gaps and insufficiencies in the specifications that patent laws have established to regulate the compulsory licensing process, aspects that have led to contradictions and discretions that erode the propensity to use compulsory licenses by those interested in exploiting patents in national territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Coastal areas are densely populated, economically developed, and form complex social-ecological systems. Any regional changes within these areas have profound consequences for their socio-economic development and ecological environments. Methods: Based on multi-source remote sensing image data, a detailed analysis of the coastline of the Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou region (Yong-Tai-Wen region) from 1980 to 2020 was conducted, and the spatiotemporal changes of the coastline were analyzed. Regression analysis was employed to investigate the correlation between the coastline length and various factors, including the degree of industrialization, GDP, urban land, and arable land. Results and Discussion: The results show that: 1) From 1980 to 2020, the overall length of the coastline in the Yong-Tai-Wen region exhibited a decreasing trend, accompanied by a continual increase in the degree of artificial coastline. Consequently, the coastline became increasingly fragmented and tortuous. Notably, the intensity of coastline change fluctuated significantly, peaking in 2010. 2) At the regional scale, there is a strong negative correlation between the length of the coastline in the Yong-Tai-Wen region and GDP and land use, whereas the correlation with cultivated land area remains relatively low. Conversely, the proportion of human-made coastlines demonstrates a strong positive correlation with GDP and urban land use but a significant negative correlation with cultivated land area. 3) At the city scale, the length of the coastline in Ningbo shows a significant negative correlation with GDP while exhibiting a certain correlation with urban land use. Similarly, the coastline length in Taizhou also displays a strong negative association with both GDP and urban land use. In contrast, the correlation patterns observed in Wenzhou are opposite to those in Taizhou. Notably, the correlation between the length of the coastline and cultivated land area remains relatively weak across all three cities. Additionally, the proportion of artificial coastlines in Ningbo and Taizhou aligns with the overall trend in the Yong-Tai-Wen region. Specifically, the proportion of artificial coastlines in Wenzhou exhibits a positive correlation with GDP and urban land use and a negative correlation with cultivated land area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding information and communication technology (ICT) adoption's particular effects on a nation like Bangladesh is critical because ICT adoption continues to play a significant role in promoting economic progress globally. By analysing the relationships between ICT use and economic growth in Bangladesh, this study examines data from 2002 through 2021 using a time series analysis. ICT export, gross capital formation, mobile cellular subscriptions, government budget allocation, and foreign direct investment are just a few of the independent variables the study takes into account in relation to ICT adoption. These factors were selected based on their applicability to the adoption of ICT and their potential impact on economic expansion. According to the results of the time series research, the ICT sector's growing exports have a favourable and considerable impact on long-term economic growth. Mobile cellular subscriptions negatively affect economic growth, with significant short-term impact and insignificant long-term effect. The influence of the government budget is detrimental but insignificant for both long-term and short-term economic growth. The study comes to the conclusion that Bangladesh's economic development is significantly benefited by the adoption of ICT. The study also highlights the significance of government assistance through budgetary allocation and strategies that draw in foreign direct investment. The results can direct the development of policies and evidence-based decision-making to use ICT adoption as an accelerator for sustained economic development in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain integration (SCI) has been considered an antecedent of sustainability performance (SP) by some studies; however, empirical findings on the nexus between SCI and SP in the existing literature are inconsistent. The study aims to provide an extensive literature review on the SCI–SP relationship. We propose a conceptual research framework to investigate the SCI–SP relationship with consideration of the effects of contextual moderators. A meta-analysis is adopted to analyse the sample of 60 selected empirical papers focusing on this relationship. The results provide evidence of a positive relationship between SCI and SP, which is affected by the two types of moderating variables: operationalisation of SP construct and control variables (industry sector, economic development, and the country's logistics capabilities). We find that SCI has the greatest impact on economic SP and the lowest impact on social SP. The SCI–SP relationship is more robust in the service industry than in the manufacturing industry. When a country's logistics capabilities increase, SCI's influence on SP becomes weaker. The results of this study are drawn from extant empirical research, and thus the validity and reliability of these findings rely on the validity and reliability of the original studies. This study is the first meta-analysis to examine the vital relationship between SCI and SP and adopted a country's logistics capabilities as a moderator. The results offer managerial insights regarding integration dimensions that positively affect various measures of SP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographers, economists, and urban planners have long distinguished between "local" industries that serve geographically proximate customers and "traded" industries that serve customers around the country or across the globe. This study uses newly developed, high-quality data to provide evidence of a third major industry market area type, which the authors term "regional" industries. Regional industries serve market areas larger than a U.S. county and smaller than a state, with employment found in most metropolitan areas, but spatially concentrated within each metro area. Paradigmatic regional industries include business-to-business services, like facilities maintenance and logistics, and some types of manufacturing, like craft brewing. Regional industries have a distinct economic profile: their customers are often other businesses rather than consumers, they pay higher average wages than local industries, and they offer more entrepreneurship opportunities than traded industries. In total, regional industries accounted for an estimated 31% of U.S. employment and 33% of gross domestic product in 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study explores the development and implementation of a new sports tourism product called “Run H2O Ride” as a strategy for sustainable tourism in Indonesia. Methods: The research employs a research and development (R&D) methodology, focusing on identifying potential issues, conducting literature reviews, designing the product, validating the design, and undergoing product development. A combination of discussion group forums (FGD) and expert judgment decisions was used to design the new sport tourism model. Results: The effectiveness of the model was assessed through limited product tests, main product tests, and operational product tests involving respondents from the local community and tourists. The results indicate that the “Run H2O Ride” model has been well-received, with positive feedback on its suitability and effectiveness in attracting tourists and enhancing the local economy. Discussion: The study concludes by recommending further research to refine the model and emphasizes the importance of local government support and community participation in sustainable tourism development. Theoretical implications highlight the significance of sports tourism events in promoting tourism, while practical implications suggest alternative solutions for increasing tourist visits and improving destination image. Policy recommendations for local governments are proposed to adopt and implement sports tourism events, aligning with long-term development plans for regional tourism growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As globalization continues to shape the global economic landscape, understanding its intricate relationship with economic growth remains paramount in regions like sub-Saharan Africa. Hence, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of globalization's impact on economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa from 1971 to 2019. Using panel data from reputable databases on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), World Development Indicators, Penn World Table 10.0, and Our World Data, the paper explores various dimensions of globalization, including economic, social, and political factors. The feasible generalized least square (FGLS) estimation technique was used to analyze data. Findings reveal nuanced dynamics, with social and financial globalization indices showing positive effects on economic growth and statistically significant at 1% significance level. Additionally, this study uncovers the influence of demographic indicators, government consumption, and the rule of law on economic growth. The result of the study revealed demographic indicators, government consumption, and the rule of law had statistically significant impacts on the economic growth of sub-Sahara Africa. In contrast, certain aspects of economic globalization exhibit negative impacts. However, political, trade, information, and cultural globalization had no significant impact on economic growth of the region. It is important to recognize that the absence of significant effects does not necessarily imply an absence of impact, but rather reflects the multifaceted nature of globalization's influence on economic growth. Several factors, including differences in the periods analyzed, may account for the differences in these results compared to previous studies. This study not only adds to the existing literature on globalization and economic growth but also offers valuable insights for policymakers tasked with promoting sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa. By acknowledging the complexities of globalization's impact, policy makers can formulate more effective strategies to harness its benefits while mitigating its potential drawbacks. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of globalization's role in economic development, laying the foundation for evidence-based policy interventions tailored to the unique challenges and opportunities facing sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text explores the case of three economies with a significant degree of internationalization (Brazil, South Korea and Mexico) between 2005 and 2015 to define their mode of integration and its impact on economic development. The study, rooted in input-output analysis, specifically on productive leaks and linkages methodology, discusses three integration schemes that influence economic growth in unique ways, depending on the type of trade specialization and dependence. This leads to the conclusion that not all export promotion strategies benefit different countries; hence, export orientation is not always synonymous with economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study carried out the research on the spatial pattern and coupling coordination level of regional transportation and economic development, revealed the interaction mechanism between them and evaluated their coupling coordination level through the comprehensive analysis of the transportation network and economic development data of multiple regions. Firstly, a certain urban agglomeration is selected as the research area to complete the data acquisition and processing, and then the spatial econometrics method is used to quantitatively analyze the regional transportation network and the spatial pattern of economic development. The study found that the improvement of the transportation network has a significant impact on the regional economic development, and the improvement of the level of economic development can also promote the optimization and upgrading of the transportation network. Finally, the coupling of regional transportation and economic development is analyzed by using the model. The results show that there are significant differences in the level of coupling and coordination in different regions. The traffic and economic development in some regions have achieved benign interaction, while there are different degrees of imbalance in other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although researchers have demonstrated conclusively that sports stadiums are not economic development catalysts, stadium projects that include preplanned ancillary developments have been proposed as a salutary strategy to overcome the widely observed dismal economic performance of standalone stadiums. Using an objective rubric for evaluating economic impact studies, we review a commissioned pro forma model that claims to demonstrate net positive fiscal impacts of two prominent publicly-financed stadium-anchored developments. Using assumptions informed by existing research and established discipline standards, the model estimates substantial negative returns for both projects (−$40 to −$60 million in Worcester, Massachusetts and −$100 to −$200 million in Cobb County, Georgia). We find that the reported fiscal surpluses derive from chosen assumptions and not the stadiums' complementary developments. We conclude that pro forma estimates do not provide credible forecasts of fiscal impacts, and ancillary developments do not improve the fiscal returns of stadium projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine economy is a valuable pillar for the development of coastal areas. It is of profound significance to explore the influence of marine economy development on economic resilience of coastal areas. This paper constructs an economic resilience assessment framework based on resistance, adaptability, and evolutionary power, adopts the entropy method to calculate the economic resilience development level in China's coastal areas from 2006 to 2019, and examines in detail the driving factors affecting the economic resilience from the indicator level. Furthermore, panel regression models are used to explore the influence of marine economic development on the economic resilience of China's coastal areas and its mechanism of action. The results show that: (1) China's coastal areas have an overall trend of rising economic resilience. The spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of different economic resilience factors are significant. (2) Factors such as regional economic scale, innovation input, industrial transformation, resident income, consumption scale, degree of marketization, and financial scale are key factors to enhance the economic system resilience of coastal areas. (3) There is a significant positive impact of the marine economy on the economic resilience of coastal areas, and this promotion effect is regulated and constrained by the level of diversification of marine industries and the level of concentration of marine industries. (4) Heterogeneity analysis shows that there are significant individual differences in the impact of Marine economy on economic resilience, and its marginal effect first increases and then decreases. The corresponding policy implications are further analyzed based on the research results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationships between extreme poverty, economic growth, and inequality, assesses if changes in inequality dampen the impact of income on extreme poverty, and determines the magnitude of the inequality growth trade-off index in Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, and Honduras. A country-specific ARDL bound regression was conducted. The findings indicate the presence of direct and indirect dampening impacts of changes in inequality on income growth and extreme poverty reduction. The magnitude of the inequality growth trade-off- index indicates whether to prioritize growth and/or inequality reducing policies. This means that the higher the inequality, as in Honduras, the higher the economic or average income growth rate required to compensate for the increase in inequality to achieve a given level of extreme poverty reduction. Accordingly, there is no one-size-fits-all policy approach to tackling extreme poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Global Journal of Economics & Business is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hitit Journal of Economics & Politics / Hitit Ekonomi ve Politika Dergisi is the property of Hitit Journal of Economics & Politics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Appointed provincial governors do not have any power to make new policies apart from the ones made by the central government, but they are legally responsible for their implementations. In addition, they are not appointed for a specific time period and can be rotated even within a year or can stay longer where they are assigned. However, governors are overtly or covertly influential on provincial development since they have the central government's authority in the local administration. In this respect, using a new panel dataset, the current study seeks to find out if there is a relation between a governor's length of tenure and provincial economic development. The empirical results of the study show a negative relationship between the length of tenure and the economic development of provinces. In addition, longer tenure years are related to lower economic development, while the too-short length of tenure has no significant impact on the economic development of the provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the long-term impact of conflict on economic development, focusing on the US 'Secret War' in Laos (1964–73). Our study employs multiple empirical strategies and data on bombing campaigns, satellite imagery, and development indicators to demonstrate that regions heavily bombed during this period experienced lower economic development almost fifty years after the conflict officially ended. A one-standard-deviation increase in bombing intensity is associated with a 7.1% decrease in GDP per capita. We demonstrate the persistent effects of bombing campaigns on human capital accumulation, structural transformation and migration patterns, stressing the role of unexploded ordnance contamination as the primary mechanism of transmission of these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TURyDES is the property of TURYDES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many countries attach great importance to the green, low-carbon, and circular development of industrial parks. China is one of them and has entered an exploration journey of national demonstration eco-industrial parks (NDEIPs). However, the impact of the transformation of industrial parks into NDEIPs on local economic development still remains a mystery. To address this issue, we develop an empirical study using a combination of the multi-period difference-in-differences method and the propensity score matching method based on the panel data for 266 cities in China from 2001 to 2021. The results show that industrial parks becoming NDEIPs promotes cities' economic development. This conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests, such as the reverse causality test and the placebo test. Moreover, the park heterogeneity tests show that the economic consequences vary according to differences in levels, industry types, life cycle phases, and the degree of foreign firm agglomeration. The city heterogeneity tests show that the economic consequences differ based on administrative levels, innovation capabilities, technology industrialization, and environmental friendliness. The spatial heterogeneity tests show that the economic consequences differ according to geographical location and whether situated in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The policy upgrading heterogeneity tests show that the economic consequences differ during the process of policy upgrading and transformation. In addition, the mechanism tests reveal that green innovation, human capital level, and firm attractiveness mediate the relationship between industrial parks becoming NDEIPs and cities' economic development. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the economic effects of the transformation of industrial parks into NDEIPs, and provides a reference for the government on how to maximize these economic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decentralisation has frequently been sold as a means to increase well-being and development. Yet, questions remain as to whether decentralisation improves economic performance. This is possibly because decentralisation processes have often led to 'unfunded mandates', that is, a mismatch between the powers transferred to subnational tiers of government and the resources allocated to them. In this article, we analyse how unfunded mandates shape regional economic growth across 518 regions in 30 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries over the period 1997–2018. There is a negative, statistically significant, and robust impact of unfunded mandates on economic growth. This effect is higher in more politically and less fiscally decentralised regions and in regions with a higher level of wealth. Unfunded mandates thus represent a serious drag on the potential positive economic effect of political decentralisation. Hence, for those benefits to materialise, better not more decentralisation – ensuring that finance follows function – should be pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the role of innovation in domestic economic development circulation (DEDC) and the impact of international economic development circulation (IEDC) on innovation, we construct an analytical framework for the mediation effect of innovation. Drawing on China's provincial panel data, we employ the causal steps approach to explore the impacts of IEDC on each link in the DEDC through the mediation effect of innovation. The results show that import have a direct effect on each link and export have a negative influence on distribution and consumption. Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has a negative impact on production and circulation through innovation. Foreign direct investment (FDI) and invisible ways have different indirect effects on each process. In addition, the influence of IEDC decreases from east to west in China, whereas import and export better promote DEDC in the central and western regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of economic freedom on income inequality has been inconclusive in the literature. Previous studies also show the importance of economic freedom in boosting economic development, whereas the Kuznets curve theory indicates the inverted U-shaped relationship between economic development and income inequality. Thus, economic development may play an important role in moderating the nexus of economic freedom and income inequality. This study throws light on the effects of economic freedom, economic development, and their interaction on income inequality in 35 Asian economies during 2000–2018 from the Kuznets curve's perspective. Our empirical results demonstrate that initially economic freedom increases income inequality, then until a threshold of economic development, economic freedom reduces income inequality. In addition, the inverted U-shaped Kuznets curve of economic development and income inequality is confirmed in the context of the Asian continent. The robustness of our results is ensured with different proxies of economic freedom and various estimators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in early 2020, has had many impacts on humanity around the world. This crisis resulted in a decrease in household consumption, a decrease in investment due to economic uncertainty, a decrease in investment, and public consumption. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, zakat, infaq, and alms (ZIS) contribute by providing direct assistance to affected mustahiks, strengthening the economy through empowering MSMEs, and supporting the health and education sectors to overcome equitable economic impacts. This study aims to analyze the role of zakat, infaq, and alms (ZIS) management institutions in helping the country's economy after the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is descriptive assisted by literature study. The results showed that the Zakat Management Institute (ZIS) played a vital role in responding to and overcoming the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, despite facing several challenges in fund distribution and optimization. Close collaboration between the government, communities, and Zakat Management Organizations (OPZIS) is key in ensuring effective distribution of funds, while zakat empowerment through digital innovation and Cash for Work (CFW) programs is a solution to reduce the impact of health and economic crises, making a positive contribution to more equitable and sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although tourism has produced long-term growth and progress, the economic consequences of this economic specialisation, which is summarised by the paradoxical effect known as the Dutch Disease, alongside the worst financial performance in tourism-led economies as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, indicate the need for diversification in such economies. Previous research has overwhelmingly shown that tourism development results in decreases in traditional exports, overdevelopment of services and marginalises the weight of industry in the economy. Using a theoretical dynamic general equilibrium model, this article demonstrates that the Dutch Disease can be avoided in tourism-led economies, precisely owing to tourism specialisation, and non-tourism development is possible. More importantly, non-tourism development can be achieved by simultaneously enhancing the quality of tourism-based activities to increase international competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of research is a list of the main factors of influence of the foreign economic sphere on the level of economic security. The effective development of the national economy largely depends on the state and level of economic security of the country in the conditions of strengthening globalization and integration processes. An adequate level of economic security is the basis for the development of socio-economic systems of any level, stability in society in general. Therefore, assessment and analysis of factors affecting economic security at different levels (countries, businesses, enterprises and organizations) is an important direction of the analytical work of specialists. For its implementation, analysts need a methodology – to determine the goal and interests, the main influencing factors and principles, to choose methodological and analytical tools. In the scientific works of economists, the methodology, level, and indicators are given as separate aspects of the formation and management of the economic security of the state. Without denying the significant contribution of these developments, the conducted research sets out the systematization of factors influencing the state of the macroeconomic environment. The study of factors influencing the macroeconomic sphere on the level of economic security of the country is based on the use of indicators calculated from available statistical data. The last twenty years, which showed an increase in world GDP almost twofold (from 51.39 trillion USD in 2000 to 101.12 trillion USD in 2020), are characterized by the loss of opportunities for the Ukrainian economy to be present on the world stage a market where competition is intensifying and carried out at a new technological level. The work defines the national economic interests of Ukraine in the global socio-economic space, the directions of the realization of the national interests of Ukraine, the dynamics of indicators of the development of the macroeconomic sphere. This made it possible to form a list of the main influential factors of the macroeconomic sphere, which directly shape the level of economic security of the state. The results of the research can be useful for the formation or adaptation of development strategies of countries with similar conditions and economies, such as Georgia, Moldova, which also have conflicts with Russia and seek to join the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the critical interplay between institutional and cultural backgrounds and their collective impact on economic development, suggesting that their synchronized evolution—timing, pace, and direction—boosts economic development, while misalignment hinders it. It seeks to determine if these backgrounds complement or substitute each other in fostering economic development. The analysis employs an unbalanced panel dataset encompassing 113 countries across four decades (1980–2019) through a fixed-effects model enhanced by robustness checks (adding control variables, using alternative analysis methods, and applying adjustment criteria). The analysis uncovers a synergistic relationship between institutional and cultural backgrounds in which each element reinforces the other's impact on economic development. Countries with robust institutional and cultural backgrounds exhibit the highest levels of economic development, whereas those with weaker backgrounds experience diminished economic progress. This study further reveals that the influence of institutional background on economic development is more pronounced than that of cultural background. However, this effect is significantly amplified when both institutional and cultural backgrounds are considered. Considering these insights, this study recommends that effective development strategies prioritize simultaneously nurturing institutional and cultural backgrounds. This approach is essential for crafting a successful and comprehensive development roadmap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of the current political developments in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, such as Ukraine, Poland, and Romania, the question arises as to the role played by economic transformation and the resulting innovation linkages in these countries over the last 20 years. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of economic and institutional dimensions on the development of CEE countries, explicitly distinguishing between European Union (EU) members and non‐members, and thus reflecting the differences in institutions and path dependency. Furthermore, the paper contrasts the performance of CEE countries with that of Western European countries. To achieve these objectives, the impact of factors such as innovation, institutions, and political practices on the economic development of 37 European countries from 2000 until 2020 is followed using fixed effects regression and Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. The results of the analysis show the importance of institutional factors such as low levels of corruption, political freedoms, and intellectual property. The effect of institutional variables was particularly pronounced in the case of non‐EU countries, which indicates the particular importance of the development of stable institutions for achieving higher levels of economic development for this category of countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most migration studies and theories focus on understanding the initial migration of people from their home country. Less attention has been paid to the factors influencing immigrants' preferences to either permanently settle in the host country, return to their home country or move onwards to another destination. Understanding the characteristics and motives of those who aspire to leave the host country is, however, valuable for both host and home countries to formulate appropriate and effective policies in order to retain their valued immigrants or citizens and foster their successful (re-)integration. This paper provides a comprehensive global analysis of the characteristics and circumstances that shape first-generation immigrants' aspirations to stay, return or migrate onwards, based on individual-level data from the Gallup World Polls across 138 countries worldwide between 2009 and 2016. Our study reveals that immigrants' stated preferences are strongly influenced by demographics, human and spiritual capital, as well as by soft factors, such as social ties and sociocultural integration, while economic factors have a more feeble influence. Changes in circumstances in the home and host countries are also important determinants of locational aspirations. Some interesting exceptions to our results stand out when we differentiate home and host countries by their economic development levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic development of a remote, mountainous region poses a challenge anywhere. Based on field research and documentary evidence, this article examines how such a development challenge has been addressed in Daocheng county, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province. In doing so, it investigates the different forms of economic development, how such development comes about, and the role played by government in economic development. The article also probes the broader socioeconomic consequences of economic development. The fact that Daocheng is a predominantly Tibetan county adds a nationality dimension to the issue of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last 30 years, there have been various findings related to the effects of construction investments––especially housing investments––on the economic development of urban areas. However, the impact of public housing investments on economic development in rapidly and dynamically developing countries with high housing demand has not been sufficiently discussed. This article presents an examination of the impact of housing production as a public housing investment on the economic development of provinces at the macro level through the case of Turkey. In the study, we analyzed the impact of public housing investments on the economic development of the provinces in Turkey between 2004 and 2018. Since 2004, Turkey has pursued a policy of increasing public housing investments, and for this purpose, the structure of the Toplu Konut İdaresi Başkanlığı (TOKI––the Mass Housing Authority), which is a strong and autonomous centralized public institution, has changed. Despite the increase in public housing investment at the country level as a result of this policy, the effect of public housing investment on economic growth at the provincial level has not been determined. In this study, panel data analysis methods were applied, regression analyses were conducted, and the findings were evaluated. The findings of the analyses showed that, although housing investments (private sector) have had an impact on the development of the provinces at the macro level, public housing investment and production have not played a decisive role in the economic development of the provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Economic miracles, such as the Asian miracles, are not statistical accident to be ignored, and they are not as rare as commonly assumed i.e., the distribution of cross-country long-term growth follows a Power law. • Disentangling the role of policies from luck implies that economic miracles are alike, and every failure is a failure in its own way. High and sustained growth depends on maintaining the best possible policies while not being too unlucky. • The relatively few successes in achieving high and sustained growth such as the Asian miracles should constitute a focal point for the study of development policies. • In contrast, results derived from a large pool of development failures should be taken with skepticism, especially if it is based on the study of growth in the short to medium run. We show evidence that development "miracles," such as the Asian Miracles, may not be that rare as the distribution of cross-country long-term growth follows a Power Law. We propose a growth theory, disantangling the role of policies from luck, which is consistent with this stylized fact and predicts that high growth depends on maintaining the best possible policies while not being too unlucky. We argue that miracles are all alike and every failure is a failure in its own way, suggesting that the few growth miracles hold more clues about good policies than the vast number of growth failures. We infer important implications for the study of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development is a core concept in regional development. Sustainability is characterized by supporting the building of resilient infrastructure and promoting the sustainable industry. In this context, sustainable transport is particularly important as it represents an opportunity for regional development. This research aims to quantify the impact of investments through structural instruments, specifically EU funds, on promoting a sustainable transport system and eliminating barriers from large-scale transport networks. This study focuses on the impact of these investments on regional economic development in Romania. The analysis used data from all eight development regions of the Romanian economy between 2014 and 2020. Panel data regression models, including the generalized difference method of moments (Dif-GMM) and the system GMM method (Sys GMM), were employed. This study confirms the idea that European structural and investment funds (ESIFs) play a positive role in promoting sustainable transport for regional economic development. Additionally, the quality of regional governance is identified as a key factor in economic development. This study, therefore, reveals a convergence effect between regions. Regions with a lower initial GDP per capita develop quicker compared to regions with a higher initial GDP per capita, indicating a "catch-up" effect. From a policy perspective, these issues can guide decision making and resource allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aimed to know the impact of international economic organizations on economic development in Jordan during the period (1990 AD-2020 AD), which is the period that witnessed Jordan adopting many economic reform programs emanating from international economic organizations represented by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, in order to advance economic development, and reducing the external and internal economic imbalances represented by the high rate of indebtedness and the general budget deficit, as these programs aimed to increase Jordan's economic growth, raise productivity, fight poverty, encourage foreign investment, and enhance Jordan's ability to achieve and maintain internal and external balance of payments, however, the results of the research showed In the long run, the applied programs fail to achieve their development goals, despite their immediate success on a number of economic indicators in some periods, and thus the failure to achieve sustainable economic development. Subsidy on basic commodities and services, oil derivatives, and raising taxes, which was negatively reflected It affects the livelihood of individuals and weakens their purchasing power due to the high costs of production. Whereas the implemented programs aimed at strengthening Jordan's ability to fulfill its obligations and focusing on the aggregate demand side while neglecting the aggregate supply side, in addition to the regional conditions that constituted an obstacle to Jordan in implementing the programs in their correct form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Transportation significantly influences economically underdeveloped arid regions, impacting economic growth and social progress. Analyzing Transport Superiority Degree (TSD) and its implications in such regions is crucial. A new arid region-specific evaluation framework addresses traditional limitations by considering indicators like route connectivity and desert interference. This article conducts an empirical study using Southern Xinjiang as a research case. It combines comprehensive evaluation methods, spatial autocorrelation methods, spatial Durbin models, and coupling coordination models to depict Transport Support Capability (TSC), Transport Access Capacity (TAC), and Transport Guarantee Capacity (TGC) at different scales in Southern Xinjiang from 2000 to 2020. The study reveals spatial patterns, evolutionary characteristics, economic impacts, and social effects of TSD at various scales. Key findings include: (1) Rapid expansion of transportation infrastructure in Southern Xinjiang. The levels of TSD at different scales have gradually increased, and spatial and temporal pattern differences are evident. At the county level, TSD forms a "core-periphery" spatial pattern centered around the Southern Xinjiang Railway, with "high-high" agglomeration areas centered around Kashgar city and "low-low" agglomeration areas centered around Qiemo County. (2) Prefectural-level TSD improvements have limited impacts on regional development, while county-level TSC, TAC, TGC, and TSD positively affect economic and social growth but also exhibit competitive effects. (3) TSD is transitioning from non-coordinated to coordinated development with economic and social progress at different scales. This research informs transportation facility evaluation in arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study challenges the traditional reliance on GDP as the sole indicator of the success of the EU's cohesion policy, aligning with the evolving academic discourse that calls for a broader spectrum of metrics incorporating social factors. The research aims to assess the impact of cohesion on economic performance and social progress at the regional level in Central and Eastern European countries, using regression analysis on panel data. Inspired by the call to move beyond GDP-focused assessments, this research re-evaluates cohesion policy within an expanded framework that prioritizes economic and social dimensions. Specifically, it addresses the escalating concerns of income disparity and poverty in Central and Eastern European nations. Utilizing panel data regression models, this study scrutinizes data from 2007 to 2018, covering two recent programming periods, to offer a comprehensive, multifaceted analysis of the impact of cohesion policy. It underscores the policy's dual role in spurring economic growth and fostering social progress, particularly in mitigating income inequality and reducing poverty. The findings reveal that cohesion policies positively affect both economic performance and social progress, with notable impacts on narrowing the income gap and alleviating poverty in these regions. However, the economic benefits for poverty reduction materialize over a prolonged period, reflecting the gradual nature of policy impact and the time needed for investments to materialize. The study emphasizes the need for a long-term strategic vision in implementing cohesion policies. This includes enhanced data collection, a deeper focus on the social ramifications of policies, streamlined policy processes, capacity building, institutional strengthening, and prioritizing equitable opportunities to bridge income gaps effectively. This comprehensive approach aims to maximize the dual benefits of cohesion policies, promoting balanced economic and social progress across Central and Eastern Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this contribution is to assess the development of the economic condition of the Slovak Republic in the context of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The situation regarding the development of and changes in the economic condition of Slovakia is compared with that in selected EU countries, considering the effects of previous global crises, with a focus on the impacts on small and medium-sized enterprises. The economies of European countries are mentioned to illustrate the ideas of the presented paper, with an emphasis on the economic dimension of the COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent impact on the Slovak Republic. This research is conducted through basic analytical tools and an analysis of the development of macroeconomic indicators, and by addressing the issue through data from a globally available database. The results in this paper serve as proposals and recommendations for the mitigation of negative economic impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to create a representative socio-economic profile of entrepreneurs operating in the former Soviet Union (FSU) states as a pillar of the new middle-class stratum. This study explored middle-class entrepreneurship from multiple perspectives, encompassing statistical analysis of microdata about households and firms. The aim was to gauge entrepreneurship within a national framework and examine its associations with social and economic factors. The study adopted the Doing Business tool as a novel paradigm to establish a quantitative correlation between the economic system in the post-Soviet space and the investigated variables. The analysis revealed that prospective entrepreneurs are members of the younger generation between the ages of 25 and 34; a critical factor in the development of entrepreneurship is highly educated human capital; and typical representatives of entrepreneurship intending to operate in the FSU states establish their own business as a means of subsistence, not as a means of advancement in the social stratum. In general, an entrepreneur of the middle class in the new economies of the post-Soviet space does not demonstrate a high level of entrepreneurial activity and, as a pillar of the middle-class stratum, is in the formation stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legal capacity or, otherwise, the institutions of rule of law (RL), have become a key factor for inclusive economic development, but the main strands of the literature involve theoretically driven expectations. Therefore, the study sought to examine the impact of legal capacity on inclusive economic development in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. While extant studies focused on the effect of governance on national output, the present study goes beyond growth by including welfare indicators. The study employed a panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach for data from all 16 SADC member states from 1996 to 2019. The interpretation of results and policy implications are based on the outcomes of the pooled mean group (PMG) estimator, which was deemed by the Hausman test as the best and most efficient estimator over the MG and the DFE family of the ARDL panel estimators. The results of the restricted panel reveal that strengthening the institutions of the RL leads to an improvement in inclusive economic development among SADC states. Therefore, we argue that trade laws should be domestically integrated and embedded in SADC's national laws, and that common courts should be set to adjudicate disagreements over compliance. We also propose that SADC introduce incentives to increase legal stakeholders' participation across the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: There are two factors related to the implementation of the Green Deal. The first relates to economic issues and depends on economic development. The second is related to political actions. The aim of this article is to analyze the impact of political and economic factors on the renewable energy sector. Assuming the idea of common priorities in the EU, it can be hypothesized that the action programs for renewable energy implemented by the EU should enable countries to accelerate their efforts to develop this sector of the economy. Design/methodology/approach: Firstly, k-means analysis will be employed to cluster EU countries based on whether they would achieve the declared target of a 20% share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption. Secondly, the application of k-means will facilitate the division of countries into groups based on their economic affluence, distinguishing them between richer and poorer nations. Next, the study will utilize the ANOVA, which help determine if the actions carried out by the EU are sufficient to achieve the increasing share of renewable energy. It will consider the diversity of countries in terms of economic and political factors. Findings: The first hypothesis, regarding the significance of the political factor, was successfully confirmed. The analysis conducted revealed that EU countries vary in their implementation of the EU renewable energy objectives. The second hypothesis regarding the significance of the economic factor has been dismissed. It was not confirmed that the degree of economic development has an impact on the growth of the renewable energy sector. Originality/value: It can be assumed that all EU countries would support the policy toward the growth of renewable energy. While various factors play a crucial role in shaping the renewable energy market, it is difficult to find an analysis that explains the lack of significant progress in this sector of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper analyzes the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development's (EBRD) strategic financing roles in Kosovo from 2013 to 2020, focusing on economic impacts and developmental progress. Methodology: Employing a quantitative and comparative approach, this study utilizes secondary data analysis, supported by statistical tools in Microsoft Excel, to evaluate the effectiveness of EBRD investments in various sectors within Kosovo. Results: The findings reveal significant EBRD investments, primarily in SMEs and infrastructure, contributing to competitive gains and sustainable development. The study details the volume of investments and their distribution across different sectors, highlighting substantial impacts on employment and green energy initiatives. Theoretical Contribution: This research enriches the literature on international financial institutions' roles in post-conflict economic development, providing a nuanced understanding of the EBRD's strategic priorities and operational outcomes in transitional economies. Practical Implications: The study offers policymakers and development agencies insights into practical strategies for leveraging international finance for economic growth and sustainability. Recommendations are provided to enhance the focus on renewable energy and infrastructure, aligning with global sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]