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Introduction: Although Jordan has made significant progress toward expanding the utilization of facility‐based intrapartum care, prior research highlights that poor service quality is still persistent. This study aimed to identify quality gaps between women's expectations and perceptions of the actual intrapartum care received, while exploring the contributing factors. Methods: Utilizing a pre–post design, quality gaps in intrapartum care were assessed among 959 women pre‐ and postchildbirth at a prominent tertiary hospital in northern Jordan. Data were gathered using the SERVQUAL scale, measuring service quality across reliability, responsiveness, tangibles, assurance, and empathy dimensions. Results: The overall mean gap score between women's expectations and perceptions of the quality of intrapartum care was −0.60 (±0.56). The lowest and highest mean gap scores were found to be related to tangibles and assurance dimensions, −0.24 (±0.39) and −0.88 (±0.35), respectively. Significant negative quality gaps were identified in the dimensions of assurance, empathy, and responsiveness, as well as overall service quality (p < 0.001). The MLR analyses highlighted education (β = 0.61), mode of birth (β = −0.60), admission timing (β = −0.41), continuity of midwifery care (β = −0.43), physician's gender (β = −0.62), active labour duration (β = 0.37), and pain management (β = −0.33) to be the key determinants of the overall quality gap in intrapartum care. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of fostering a labour environment that prioritizes enhancing caregivers' empathetic, reassuring, and responsive skills to minimize service quality gaps and enhance the overall childbirth experience for women in Jordan. Patient or Public Contribution: This paper is a collaborative effort involving women with lived experiences of childbirth, midwives, and obstetrics and gynaecologist physicians. The original idea, conceptualization, data generation, and coproduction, including manuscript editing, were shaped by the valuable contributions of stakeholders with unique perspectives on intrapartum care in Jordan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess the level of nurses' competencies while providing care to COVID-19 patients. Design/methodology/approach: A descriptive, correlational design was used to collect data from nurses who were providing care to COVID-19 patients at four public hospitals. Findings: A total of 377 nurses (64.5% females) aged 23–50 consented to participate and completed the survey. The mean score of nurses' competencies in providing care to COVID-19 patients was 2.5 (SD = 0.81). The results of correlation coefficient tests disclosed a significant positive correlation between reported competence level and sex rpb (377) = 0.18, p < 0.01; working area rpb (377) = 0.2, p < 0.01; disaster experience rpb (377) = 0.16, p < 0.01; disaster education rpb (377) = 0.25, p < 0.01; and disaster training rpb (377) = 0.31, p < 0.01. Research limitations/implications: The COVID-19 pandemic response heavily relied on nurses. However, they had a gap in clinical competencies that indicates an urgent need to incorporate disaster management courses in basic nursing education and to update training in hospitals based on nurses' needs to improve their capabilities in dealing with COVID-19 pandemic. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that investigated the perceived level of Jordanian nurses' competencies in providing care to COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common condition that can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. Although multiple diagnostic and treatment options exist, significant variability in SUI management exists between countries. Since women's SUI prevalence in Jordan is high, and Jordan is a lower-middle-income country, this study aimed to investigate how obstetricians and gynecologists (OBGYNs) across Jordan manage and treat women with SUI. Method: A Google Forms survey was prepared and sent out to Jordanian OBGYNs via WhatsApp. The results were collected and arranged in Microsoft Excel and then transferred to SPSS for statistical analysis. Results: Out of the 804 Jordanian registered OBGYNs, 497 could be reached, 240 conduct gynecological surgeries, and 94 completed the survey, providing a response rate of 39.2%. Most of the respondents were females between 41 and 55 years old. More than 70% of the OBGYNs worked in the private sector, and 88.3% operated in the capital of Jordan. Most of the respondents favored lifestyle and behavior therapy (43.6%) or pelvic floor physiotherapy (40.4%) as the first-line management for SUI. The transobturator mid-urethral sling (MUS) was the most common initial surgical treatment option. The physicians preferred two-staged procedures for the repair of pelvic organ prolapse alongside concomitant SUI. In the case of recurrent SUI following surgery, 77% of the respondents chose to refer to a urologist or urogynecologist. Conclusions: The Jordanian OBGYNs preferred using lifestyle/behavioral therapy and pelvic floor muscle physiotherapy as the first-line treatment to manage SUI. Secondly, the MUS would be the most frequently preferred surgical choice. To effectively manage SUI, adequate training in urogynecology and referral resources are essential in lower-middle-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims at investigating the phonological development of the six guttural consonants of Jordanian Arabic, /χ/, /ʁ/, /ħ/, /ʕ/, /ʔ/, and /h/. Method: An articulation test is designed to involve two tasks: picture naming and repetition. The test includes 54 words for picture naming and 18 words for repetition, representing all possible positions of the targeted guttural sounds. Samples are collected from 40 typically developing Ammani-Jordanian Arabic– speaking monolingual children, living in Amman, Jordan. Respondents are equally divided into eight age-related trajectories: 2–2;6, 2;6–3, 3–3;6, 3;6–4, 4– 4;6, 4;6–5, 5–5;6, and 5;6–6 (years;months). No child with a history of hearing, speech, or vision disorders is included. The data are analyzed using production accuracy, where the three developmental trajectories of production (customary, acquisition, and mastery) are determined for each guttural, and error analysis, addressed based on perceptual judgments, providing details of every mispronounced or deleted guttural. Results: The results show that /χ/, /ħ/, /ʕ/, and /ʔ/ are acquired before the age of 6 years, while /ʁ/ and /h/ are still not acquired by this age. Respondents use relatively variant alternatives for the mispronounced cognates, including guttural, nonguttural sounds, and vowel substitution. The /ʁ/ is the guttural with the highest number of alternatives, while /ʔ/ gets the least. The analysis also reveals patterns of guttural deletion, with variations across different guttural sounds and positions. Despite errors/deviations made, respondents score accuracy percentages that gradually increase in correlation with age. The guttural /ʁ/ starts with the lowest accuracy percentages, while /ʔ/ and /ħ/ start with the highest. Conclusions: These findings illuminate on the developmental trajectory of guttural acquisition and enrich our understanding of children’s evolving perception and production abilities. They offer valuable insights into the patterns of guttural sound production in Jordanian Arabic–speaking children, laying the groundwork for further research and the development of targeted assessment and intervention strategies to support phonological development in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ability of a nurse to make effective clinical decisions is the most important factor that can affect the treatment quality. However, several factors can affect the ability of nursing and midwifery students to make effective clinical decisions. Objectives: This study aims to identify the confounding factors that may affect the clinical decision making of nurses and thus patient outcomes after the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed in this study. An online self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 269 nursing and midwifery students selected through purposive sampling, 224 of whom completed the questionnaire. The valid and reliable nursing decision-making instrument, which consisted of 24 items, was employed to gather the data, and descriptive statistics and simple linear regression were employed for the data analysis. Data was collected from November to the end of December 2022. Results: Among the respondents, 72.8% were female, and the average age was 20.79 years (SD = 1.44). The vast majority of the respondents (94.6%) was unmarried, and 74.1% were pursuing a nursing degree. The simple linear regression analysis showed that clinical decision making had a negative and significant relationship with social media usage of an average of 6 h a day (β=−0.085). Moreover, the male nursing students obtained lower clinical decision-making scores (β= −0.408) compared with the female nursing students. Conclusion: Social media usage and gender have a considerable effect on the clinical decision making of the nursing and midwifery students. Therefore, the confounding factors that can affect the clinical decision making of nurses should be discussed further, and strategies to address such factors should be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) causes high morbidity and mortality rates among children. As parents are the main caregivers for these children, it is essential to assess and strengthen their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) toward ARI. Purpose: To assess KAPs toward ARI among Jordanian and Syrian parents with children under five years, and KAPs relationships with the parental sociodemographic variables. Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted using a sample of 204 parents (124 Jordanians and 80 Syrians). The data was collected at community associations in Irbid city in the northern part of Jordan, between December 2021 and February 2022. A self-reporting questionnaire was used to measure parents’ KAPs toward ARI in children under five years. Results: The results revealed that 48% of the fathers and 61% of the mothers were educated to college level. The total score of knowledge was 10 out of 18 (SD =2.75), while that of attitudes was 8 out of 12 (SD = 1.97), and that of practices was 4 out of 5 (SD = 0.89). Spearman correlation indicated that mother’s education and father’s education were positively correlated with the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. Pearson correlation indicated that family income was positively correlated with the attitude and practice scores. Independent sample t-test indicated that Jordanian parents reported significantly higher attitude and practice scores than Syrian parents (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, Jordanian and Syrian parents’ knowledge about ARI in Irbid city is insufficient and mainly correlated with their level of education. Implications for Nursing: The study highlights the need for health education in primary health care centers, public places, and community organizations. Health education should target parents with low socioeconomic status and Syrian refugee parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased rates of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. University students have been particularly affected by these psychological consequences due to the pandemic and its accompanying precautions. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among Jordanian university students amid COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Data was collected through an anonymous online survey from Jordanian university students during the period from February 2022 to May 2022. The survey included a self-reported questionnaire that is composed of sociodemographic variables and the Arabic version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: The mean total scores for depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were 18.91, 18.04, and 20.71, respectively, indicating the presence of these psychological issues among university students during the pandemic. Psychological problems, parents being diagnosed with mental illness, living arrangements, and academic year explained 25.6% of the variation in depression symptoms. Academic year, living arrangements, specialization, GPA, and gender accounted for 25.9% of the variation in anxiety symptoms. Parents being diagnosed with mental illness, specialization, marital status, and GPA explained 22.3% of the variation in stress symptoms. Conclusion: The findings of this study have significant implications for healthcare practice, policy development, and community engagement. Implications for Nursing: Healthcare providers, including nurses, can utilize this information to develop targeted interventions tailored to address the specific mental-health needs of university students in Jordan. Policymakers can advocate for the implementation of mental-health support services within university settings, while community organizations can collaborate with educational institutions to promote mentalhealth awareness and provide accessible resources for students. By addressing the mentalhealth challenges identified in this study, stakeholders can contribute to fostering a supportive and resilient campus environment conducive to student success and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses have reported considerable levels of perceived stress during pandemics, impairing quality of life in registered nurses. Studies supported the mediating roles of some coping strategies on the correlation between perceived stress and quality of life. However, rare studies have investigated these roles among Jordanian registered nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose: Mainly to examine the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between perceived stress and quality of life in Jordanian registered nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design was used with an online survey. Convenience sampling was used to select 550 registered nurses from 8 hospitals located in Amman and Irbid cities. A demographic questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Brief COPE inventory, and the World Health Organization-related Quality of Life scale were used to collect data. Descriptive and multiple-regression analyses were used to analyze the data collected. Results: Religion and then substance use were commonly used as coping strategies by Jordanian registered nurses. Substance abuse only mediated the relationship between stress perception and quality of life. Conclusion: Substance use only played a mediating role between perceived stress and quality of life among Jordanian registered nurses. Perceived stress and substance use should be valued as important variables for improving registered nurses' quality of life. Implications for Nursing: The results can be used by hospital administrators and decision makers as an empirical basis for planning and implementing effective coping strategies to manage nurses’ stress other than maladaptive coping strategies such as substance use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: First aid administered during road accidents can save millions of lives. However, the knowledge and attitudes of the Jordanian population towards first aid are lacking. This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and barriers to performing first aid among the Jordanian population during road accidents. (2) Methods: An online questionnaire was developed and distributed using various Jordanian social media platforms. The questionnaire collected the participants' sociodemographic details and assessed their first aid knowledge, attitudes toward first aid, and barriers preventing the participants from performing first aid in emergencies. (3) Results: 732 participants participated in this study. The median knowledge score regarding first aid items was 9 (7–10) out of the maximum possible score of 15. The median first aid attitude score was 24 (22–27) out of a maximum possible score of 30. The most commonly reported barrier to performing first aid among the participants was "lack of first aid training" (76.78%), followed by "lack of knowledge about first aid" (75.81%) and "fear of performing first aid" (57.51%). The participants with lower income levels exhibited more negative attitudes towards first aid (4). Conclusions: This study underscores the urgent need for enhanced first aid training and awareness in Jordan. The participants' first-aid knowledge overall was limited, although positive attitudes toward first-aid delivery were observed. The findings emphasize the need for regular and structured first-aid training courses, addressing barriers such as fear and misinformation and ensuring accessibility across all socioeconomic levels to improve preparedness for road traffic accidents and other emergencies. This comprehensive approach can better equip the Jordanian population to effectively manage emergencies and improve public health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The effects of COVID-19 lockdowns and the discontinued face-to-face clinical practicum had negative consequences on nursing and midwifery students at many levels. The clinical learning environment includes all the training and learning experiences that nursing students undergo during their clinical practicum. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 lockdowns on the nursing and midwifery students' practicum training in governmental and private universities and academic faculties of nursing in Jordan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 1025 nursing and midwifery students from academic faculties of nursing of both governmental and private Jordanian universities was conducted in September 2021. The research group from two Jordanian universities designed and validated a 13-item survey to determine and evaluate the impact of mass lockdowns on nursing and midwifery students' practicum training. The responses were assessed using descriptive and inferential analyses. Results: The findings revealed that the lockdown had a negative impact on nursing and midwifery students' self-confidence and competency in performing nursing procedures. The academic year of the students was a significant independent predictor of their self-confidence and competency levels in performing nursing procedures. Conclusion: The study concluded that nursing and midwifery students were dissatisfied with their clinical education during the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to poor self-confidence in performing nursing procedures. The study group recommended repeating the clinical practicum, incorporating extensive laboratory and hospital courses, and implementing a one-year internship for newly graduated nurses and midwives to address the training gap and enhance self-confidence in clinical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality complementary feeding (CF) of infants and young children is key to their growth and development. But in Jordan, providing appropriate CF remains a challenge. This study assesses trends in infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, and consumption by infants and young children aged 6–23 months of breast milk substitutes (BMSs), sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs), and micronutrient‐rich foods in Jordan from 1990 to 2017. We combined dietary data on infants and young children from six Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) (n = 14,880 children) to compute IYCF indicators. The latter included minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD), as well as intake of micronutrient‐rich foods and food groups, specific SSBs, and infant formula. We conducted trend analyses using logistic regression models adjusted for child's age in month, child age squared, governorates, urban/rural residence, mother's educational attainment, and household wealth quintiles. We found that the proportion of consumption of micronutrient‐rich food groups declined significantly between 1990 and 2017, with fewer infants and young children consuming eggs (OR = 0.39, p ≤ 0.001, 2002 reference), meat, poultry, and fish (OR = 0.25, p ≤ 0.001, 2002 reference), dairy (OR = 0.59, p ≤ 0.001, 2002 reference) and Vitamin A‐rich fruits and vegetables (OR = 0.66, p ≤ 0.001, 2002 reference). Conversely, there was increased use of BMSs and sugar‐sweetened juices that paralleled a decline in the share of infants and young children meeting appropriate CF practices and consuming micronutrient‐rich foods and food groups. By 2017, children aged 6–23 months were significantly less likely to meet MDD, MMF, and subsequently MAD; the odds of consuming BMSs were almost three times the reference (OR = 3.8, p ≤ 0.001, 1990 reference), as were the odds of consuming sugar sweetened juices (OR = 3.63, p ≤ 0.001, 1990 reference). Food insecurity and undernutrition are low in Jordan; however, overweight and obesity rates are increasing concurrently as are micronutrient deficiencies. This highlights the need for policymakers to address factors at individual and household levels (behaviours and practices) as well as environmental issues (increasing access to unhealthy and ultraprocessed foods). Key messages: In 2017, Jordanian infants and young children were significantly less likely to meet minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) than in 1990.At the same time, the odds of consuming infant formula were six times higher in 2017, while consuming any breast milk substitute was four time higher (infant formula and/or animal milk).The proportion of infants and young children consuming micronutrient‐rich food groups has declined in Jordan over time, with fewer infants and young children reporting consuming animal‐source foods as well as Vitamin A‐rich fruits and vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Amidst the global rise in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), effective management of the disease has become increasingly important. Health literacy, particularly in non-English speaking populations, plays a crucial role in this management. To address the lack of suitable tools for Arabic-speaking diabetic patients, this study developed and validated the Jordanian Diabetic Health Literacy Questionnaire (JDHLQ). (2) Methods: A sample of 400 diabetic patients from Jordan, with a balance in gender, age, and educational background, was recruited from an endocrinology outpatient clinic. The JDHLQ, consisting of informative and communicative sections, underwent rigorous validation. Utilizing principal component analysis and Rasch analysis, the JDHL's reliability and validity were evaluated. (3) Results: The results showed moderate proficiency in understanding and communicating diabetes-related information and confirmed the reliability and validity of the JDHLQ. (4) Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of culturally appropriate health literacy tools in enhancing patient understanding, engagement, and overall management of T2DM in Arabic-speaking communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The significance of physical activity in preventing and treating chronic illnesses has long been established. However, there are limited studies focusing on the physical activity among old people with chronic illnesses in Jordan. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the association between physical-activity level, chronic illnesses, and multimorbidity among people 60 years old and above in Jordan. Methods: A crosssectional design was used in the northern region of Jordan. A survey was conducted among 200 old people aged 60 years and above. The survey included sociodemographic data and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, and logistic-regression analysis. Results: Approximately 41% of old people had a sufficient level of physical activity. Gender, level of schooling, smoking, heart conditions, diabetes, and multimorbidity were significantly associated with physical activity. In the logistic-regression analysis, gender (OR 0.221, 95% CI 0.096-0.507), heart condition (OR 0.093, 95% CI 0.011-0.760), and diabetes (OR 0.312, 95% CI 0.120-0.810) were found to be significantly associated with physical activity among old people. Conclusion: This study revealed a low physical activity among old people. It is important to develop policies that support regular physical activity for old people with chronic illnesses. Implications for Nursing: Community-based healthpromotion programs should be developed to encourage regular physical activity among older people with chronic illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many studies have shown increased levels of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose: This study assesses anxiety and depression among COVID-19 patients who received treatment in outpatient and inpatient settings in Jordan. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 236 individuals tested positive for COVID19 and having received care at the hospital either as inpatients or outpatients at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) in Jordan from April 9th to September 21st of 2021. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD7) were used as standardized assessments to evaluate these symptoms. Results: Our results indicated minimal anxiety and mild depression overall, with outpatients scoring significantly higher on both scales than inpatients (p-value= 0.011). Factors leading to higher depression and anxiety scores included chronic diseases, a family history of mentalhealth issues, COVID-19-related worries, experiences of social ostracism or bullying, inadequate government support, unemployment, daily following COVID-19 news, and being female. Participants aged 29-44 years and those who previously consulted a psychiatrist had higher anxiety scores. Conclusion: The findings suggest greater anxiety and depression among outpatients, linking these conditions to socio-demographic factors and COVID-19 experiences. The study underscores the need for healthcare systems to address the mental health of COVID-19 patients and combat misinformation's impact on emotional well-being. Implications for Nursing: Nurses play a pivotal role by integrating routine mental-health assessments, particularly for those with identified risk factors, and addressing both physical- and mental- health needs, emphasizing the necessity of a holistic approach to patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nursing performance is a key indicator of patients' care quality and safety. Most healthcare research tools are available in the English language; however, nurses around the world can employ these tools if rigorously adapted and cross-culturally validated. Aims and objectives: This study aims to provide a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the six-dimension scale of nursing performance to be used among Arabic-speaking nurses. Design: The study employed a descriptive, correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. Methods: A five-step cross-cultural adaptation process was adopted. The scale was administered to 216 Jordanian nurses between January 2022 to April 2022. SPSS and AMOS were used for descriptive and correlation analyses and testing the six-dimension model through structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: The current study produced a valid, reliable, culturally adapted Arabic language version of the six-dimension scale of nursing performance. The internal consistency of the tool was supported by a Cronbach Alpha's value of 0.99. The model's goodness of fit indices were: CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.048, and CMIN/df = 1.49. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the scale identified three factors with eigenvalues greater than 1.00., explaining 75.22% of the variance. A subsequent EFA, specifying six factors, yielded 79.79% explained variance. All item factor loadings exceeded 0.30, confirming the scale's robust factor structure. Conclusions: This study proved that following a robust cross-cultural adaptation process results in a reliable and valid measure of nursing performance to be used among Arabic-speaking nurses. The study supports the dimensionality of nursing performance as evidenced by the SEM results. Therefore, the findings have the potential to considerably enhance studying nursing performance in healthcare fields in Arabic-speaking nurses. Relevance to clinical practice: The validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Arabic version of the Six-Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance have direct implications for improving the quality of nursing services, enhancing patient safety, promoting cultural competence, and supporting the professional growth of Arabic-speaking nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of hydrocolloid dressing in preventing stage two or higher facial pressure injuries associated with the use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) devices among critically ill patients. Design: A randomized control trial. Methods: The study included 56 adult patients in intensive care units. The study participants were categorized into two groups consisting of 28 patients in each group. The control group received skincare using a fine mist of water and repositioning of the device every two to four hours, while the intervention group received a hydrocolloid dressing and repositioning of the device every two to four hours. Results: A total of 33.9% of all participants in the study had facial pressure injury. None of the patients in the intervention group who received hydrocolloid dressing developed stage two or higher facial pressure injuries. A total of 32.2% of the control group developed stage two or higher facial pressure injuries. Results indicated that the use of hydrocolloid dressing can significantly prevent the formation of stage two or higher facial pressure injuries (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study's findings support the use of hydrocolloid dressing as a preventative measure for facial pressure injuries related to NIPPV devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigated the online information-seeking behaviours of breast cancer patients at Jordan University Hospital, focusing on their dissatisfaction with available online health resources and its impact on their well-being and anxiety levels. Methods: Employing descriptive phenomenology and convenience sampling, we conducted five Skype-based focus groups with 4-6 breast cancer survivors each, from March to July 2020. Data analysis was performed using NVivo, following Braun and Clark's inductive thematic analysis framework. Results: The thematic analysis revealed critical insights into survivors' interactions with online cancer resources, identifying key subthemes such as the quality of online information, cyberchondriasis, health literacy and search strategies, the distress caused by counterproductive searches, and the tendency to avoid internet searches. Conclusion: The study underscores the challenges breast cancer survivors face in accessing online health information, especially in Arabic. It highlights the need to improve the quality and accessibility of these resources. Enhancing the cultural relevance of online materials and educating patients on effective information evaluation are crucial. These measures can significantly boost health literacy, mitigate anxiety, and provide better support for breast cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]