89 results
Search Results
2. World Builders.
- Author
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WEIJAND, TOM
- Subjects
DIGITAL maps ,DIGITAL mapping ,MAGNIFYING glasses ,CAPITAL cities ,BALL bearings - Abstract
Bellerby & Co. is a London-based company that handcrafts highly detailed globes, ranging in size from five inches to 50 inches in diameter. These globes are not just ordinary maps, but rotating sculptures that can be customized to highlight personal history, migration, or regional flora and fauna. The process involves customizing a digital map, printing it on paper, cutting it into sections, applying color, shaping the gores, and finally assembling the globe. The globes are painted with resin and protected with multiple layers of acrylic finish. The company also creates handmade wooden and metal stands for the globes. The finished products are carefully packed and shipped in flight cases or custom packaging. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
3. Spatial Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Intercity Innovative Competition Relations in China.
- Author
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Yang, Xinyu, Shen, Lizhen, Wang, Xia, and Qin, Xiao
- Subjects
CAPITAL cities ,CITIES & towns ,CONTESTS ,INFORMATION economy ,INNOVATION management - Abstract
In the knowledge economy era, innovation has become a key emphasis for urban competitions. This paper constructs a theoretical research framework that integrates the basic understandings, influencing factors and ensuing results of intercity innovative competition relations. On the basis of data from the general programs of the National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2005 to 2019, this paper constructs intercity innovative competition relations in China, analyses their spatial distribution and quantitative characteristics, and quantitatively investigates the impact of urban innovation capacity and multidimensional proximity (e.g., geographical proximity, institutional proximity and cognitive proximity) on intercity innovative competition relations through a negative binomial model. The study obtained the following findings: (1) In terms of the overall intercity innovative competition relations, the intensity of China's intercity innovative competition relations gradually increased from 2005 to 2019, with a spatial clustering towards cities with high administrative ranks (e.g., municipalities directly under the central government, sub-provincial cities and provincial capitals); Beijing is always at the centre of innovative competition relations, but its standing has slightly slipped in recent years. (2) From the perspective of disciplines, cities can become benchmarks in particular fields of innovative competitions by competing according to their disciplinary strengths; intercity innovative competition relations in China vary across various academic disciplines. (3) In terms of influencing factors, urban innovation capacity has significant positive effects on intercity innovative competition relations; geographical proximity, institutional proximity and cognitive proximity all have significant positive effects on innovative competition relations; and interactions occur between multidimensional proximities, including a complementary effect between geographical proximity and institutional proximity, a substitutive effect between cognitive proximity and geographical proximity, and a substitutive effect between cognitive proximity and institutional proximity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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4. Impacts of national intellectual capital on informal economy: the moderating role of institutional quality.
- Author
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Tran Pham, Toan Khanh
- Subjects
INTELLECTUAL capital ,CAPITAL cities ,INFORMAL sector ,ECONOMIC conditions in Asia ,GENERALIZED method of moments - Abstract
Purpose: The studies that explore the impacts of national intellectual capital on informal economy are scant. Moreover, the effect of an external factor such as institutional quality that moderates this relationship has largely been neglected in previous studies. Institutions are considered important pillars to accumulate national intellectual capital and reduce shadow economy. As such, this paper aims to investigate how institutional quality moderates the effects of national intellectual capital on informal economy in 17 Asian countries from 2000 to 2018. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses the generalized method of moments techniques, which allow cross-sectional dependence and slope homogeneity in panel data, to examine the moderating role of institutional quality on the relationship between national intellectual capital and informal economy. Various tests are conducted to ensure the robustness of the findings. Findings: Empirical findings from this paper indicate that an increase in national intellectual capital and institutional quality declines the informal economy. Interestingly, better institutional quality aggravates the negative effects of national intellectual capital on reducing the size of informal economy. The author also finds that enhancing international trade and economic growth results in a decrease in the informal economy in Asian countries. Practical implications: Empirical findings offer policymakers an indication of the relationships between national intellectual capital, institutional quality and informal economy, pointing out that national intellectual capital and institutional quality should be strengthened to allow Asian countries to limit the informal economy. Originality/value: This study provides a conceptual model through which the moderating role of institutional quality on the national intellectual capital–informal economy nexus can be recognized. This approach has thus far not been investigated in the existing literature. To the best of the author's knowledge, this study makes an original contribution to the empirical of national intellectual capital and informal economy nexus and produces new insights into the fields of the moderating effects of institutional quality on this nexus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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5. Place of Social, Cultural, and Ecological Water Values for Promoting Water Security in Delhi, India.
- Author
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Kumar, Ashok, Biswas, Rabidyuti, Modi, Radhika, and Button, Cat
- Subjects
CAPITAL cities ,FIELD research ,POLICY discourse ,NATIONAL territory ,WATER analysis - Abstract
Economic values have dominated water policy discourse over the last four decades. Very little has been written on social, cultural, and ecological values and their roles in enhancing water security. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of diverse water values with a case study of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India. To achieve this, a review of the existing scholarship on water values was conducted to develop a set of water values. Field surveys and interviews were conducted to comprehend the water values held by various stakeholders in Delhi. This paper is an attempt to show that viewing water security through the lens of diverse water values (social, cultural, economic and ecological) provides a better understanding of water policies, and enhanced comprehension could potentially result in better policies to promote water security. In the case of Delhi, we additionally found that the claimed predominance of water values such as efficiency, equity, equality, religiosity, and purity does not mean that these values are also actualized in water practices. Another major finding is that all four sets of values are integrated with one another, and policies underpinned by the identified values would be relatively better than policies solely based on economic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. How does the coupling coordination between high-quality development and eco-environmental carrying capacity in the Yellow river basin over time?
- Author
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Li Ma, Xuecheng Zhao, Bijiao Yan, Jierong Fan, Meimei Wang, and Mengqin Liu
- Subjects
CAPITAL cities ,CITIES & towns ,URBAN growth ,FUZZY algorithms ,MATHEMATICAL optimization - Abstract
Introduction: The Yellow River Basin is an important national energy base and ecological protection area, and it is of great significance to promote the coordinated development of high-quality development and eco-environmental carrying capacity in the region. Methods: Taking the 73 prefecture-level cities along the Yellow River as the study unit, this paper measures the changes of high-quality development level and eco-environmental carrying capacity of municipalities from 2005 to 2020, using the coupling coordination degree model and fuzzy logic algorithm. Results and discussion: 1) The capital city and its surrounding cities have a high level of high-quality development, with the lower and middle reaches of the Yellow River having higher levels than the upper reaches. From 2005 to 2020, the level of high-quality development showed an upward trend. 2) The eco-environmental carrying capacity of cities in the lower reaches is higher than that in the upper reaches. From 2005 to 2020, the eco-environmental carrying capacity of cities in the lower reaches of the Yellow River increased first and then decreased. 3) The provincial capital cities have a high degree of coupling coordination, with cities in the lower reaches having a higher level than those in the middle and upper reaches. A high degree of coupling coordination reduces spatial differences, but dominated by primary coordination. 4) From 2005 to 2020, the eco-environmental carrying capacity tended to be coordinated with the high-quality development, close to a high level and system optimization. In the end, we conclude with policy recommendations to promote high-quality urban development and harmony between people and nature in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Readiness and Challenges of Prishtina University Students for ESP Classes.
- Author
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Tërnava-Osmani, Sadete and Brestovci, Meliha
- Subjects
COLLEGE students ,CAPITAL cities ,ENGLISH language ,PREPAREDNESS ,SECONDARY schools ,TEXTBOOKS - Abstract
Learning and teaching a language for specific purposes, in our case English language, is quite a new approach at the Public University of Prishtina, which was established only in 1970. Considering this fact, English language teaching in Kosovo has been around ever since. It was initially taught as General English (GE) in the schools of the capital city and later, namely from the 1980s to date throughout the country. Nevertheless, English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is one of the most recent courses that have started to attract the attention of the domestic teaching authorities, mainly at the university level, while it continues to be absent in secondary schools. Despite this, the reason for the absence of ESP in secondary education relates to the lack of planning, extracurricular teaching materials or specific textbooks. In this paper, we will review the current state of GE at the University of Prishtina by assessing the English language first-term exam results for two groups of students in the first year in the Departments of History and Political Sciences, with the aim of finding out whether they are ready to attend ESP courses in the second semester. Research has taken place amongst male and female students, aged 18-19, who attended the A1 and B2+GE level as per the CEFR requirements. The students who pass the exam may be qualified to attend the ESP classes in the second semester, whereas students who did not should continue with GE classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Successful criteria for placemaking process in contested spaces: evaluation of non-governmental organisations at Ledra Street Crossing Point in Nicosia.
- Author
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Orac, Ediz and Dagli, Ugur Ulas
- Subjects
NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations ,CAPITAL cities ,SPATIAL arrangement ,PUBLIC spaces ,LIKERT scale ,SOCIAL networks - Abstract
As adivided capital city, Nicosia and its Buffer Zone have attracted attention across political, social, cultural, and academic spheres since the 1974 division of Cyprus. The Buffer Zone's physical and symbolic presence reflects the ongoing struggle for reunification and the challenges of tension in a confined space. The crossing points in the Buffer Zone serve as bridges, facilitating movement and interaction between the communities. Thus, contested spaces require comprehensive, context-sensitive approaches that foster inclusive dialogues, and seek innovative spatial arrangements to promote sustainable peace and shared understanding. The paper proposes a placemaking process approach that serves as a transformative tool to tackle the difficulties associated with contested spaces and strive towards their comprehensive revitalisation. 126 different NGOs participated as stakeholders in the Ledra Street Crossing Point and answered the Likert scale survey after the reliability check. The aim of this paper is to identify a successful placemaking process diagram for contested spaces as an analytical framework. The diagram establishes important criteria and their correlations for the placemaking process. It identifies sociability alongside uses and activities as key imperatives for successful placemaking process in contested contexts: social networks, sharing space use, multifunctionality, and public space usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Accessibility, (dis)advantage and everyday mobility practices and experiences: the cases of Maputo and Freetown.
- Author
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Oviedo, Daniel, Cavoli, Clémence, Chong, Alexandria Z. W., Romero de Tejada, Joaquín, Koroma, Braima, and Yusuf, Yasmina
- Subjects
- *
PORT cities , *CITIES & towns , *CAPITAL cities , *BASIC needs , *NEIGHBORHOODS - Abstract
This paper deconstructs everyday mobility practices from a perspective of accessibility and social and transport (dis)advantage in two capital port cities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) – Freetown, Sierra Leone and Maputo, Mozambique. The paper proposes a novel framework that interprets social and transport (dis)advantage conditions as critical drivers of mobility behaviours and the resulting (in)accessibility that circumscribes individuals’ experience. Building on its framework, the paper raises unique empirical qualitative evidence from eight neighbourhoods about mobility practices across populations facing different degrees of social and transport (dis)advantage. The study’s design is grounded in the in-depth understanding of accessibility using qualitative methods as a counterpoint to predominant quantitative and spatial approaches, filling critical data gaps in cities in SSA. The findings reveal a deep-seated aspiration for car ownership, tempered by the urgency of other immediate material needs, as well as the dynamic nature of travel behaviour due to changing conditions during the day and throughout the year. The findings also indicate informality plays a significant role in enabling access to critical opportunities and the need to strengthen trust in popular transport systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. The Socioeconomic Factors of Female Child Trafficking and Prostitution: An Empirical Study in the Capital City of Bangladesh.
- Author
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Farhana, Khandaker Mursheda and Abdul Mannan, Kazi
- Subjects
SEX trafficking of minors ,STATE laws ,CONSCIOUSNESS raising ,GENDER-based violence ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,CHILD trafficking ,CAPITAL cities - Abstract
Although Bangladesh is a constitutionally Islamic country, some brothels are regulated by state law. But these brothels are located in the suburbs, and there were legal brothels around the capital, which no longer exist. Thus, prostitution is observed in a variety of ways, including in residential hotels, resorts, homes, and open spaces. As prostitution and trafficking are inseparable, this paper adopts a quantitative approach to measure the socioeconomic variables associated with prostitution and trafficking in children in the capital city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The data for this study were collected from 385 respondents, and the questionnaire format was open-ended. The proposed conceptual model is presented in a way that includes sociocultural and economic factors influencing prostitution. To examine the model, a three-level research design was applied. The sociodemographic data of the respondents were collected and analyzed in this study. This study finds that the significant economic factors are poverty and lack of employment opportunities. Moreover, sociocultural variables are closely associated with rape, harassment, divorce, insufficient support from household members, living in vulnerable conditions, social instability, lifestyle, and gender violence. These findings emphasize the need to implement existing anti-trafficking laws and raise awareness of children in Bangladesh to stop child trafficking for sex work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. Funding the Metros: The Australian Airports Association has unveiled an ambitious plan to make government funding available to the leased metropolitan GA airports.
- Author
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HITCHEN, STEVE
- Subjects
COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,AVIATION policy ,BUILDING leases ,JET engines ,URBAN fringe ,CAPITAL cities ,INTERNATIONAL airports ,AIRPORTS - Abstract
The Australian Airports Association has put forth a plan to provide government funding to leased metropolitan general aviation (GA) airports in Australia. These airports are important for connecting capitals and regions and relieving major international airports of GA traffic. However, operators of these airports face challenges in funding infrastructure upgrades due to limited commercial income and the inability to access federal government grants or loans. The Australian Airports Association is advocating for government grants for aviation infrastructure, particularly for emergency services and public safety infrastructure. They also believe these airports have the potential to support advanced air mobility and emerging aviation technologies. However, there are concerns that funding for traditional aviation infrastructure may be overlooked in favor of sustainable aviation projects. The future of funding for both emerging technologies and traditional aviation infrastructure will be determined in the 2024 aviation white paper. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
12. Spatial Development and Coupling Coordination of Society–Physics–Informational Smart Cities: A Case Study on Thirty Capitals in China.
- Author
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Wang, Chao, Zhu, Changhao, and Du, Mingrun
- Subjects
SMART cities ,SOCIAL space ,CITIES & towns ,GINI coefficient ,CAPITAL cities ,RESEARCH personnel ,REGIONAL planning - Abstract
The smart city concept has taken center stage as a paradigm shift in urban governance, promising innovation, sustainability, and strategic upgrades, and drawing the attention of researchers globally. However, existing frameworks for assessing smart cities remain incomplete and simplistic. This paper aims to address the following question: what is the process and current situation of 30 capitals in China after the implementation of smart city construction, especially from the new perspective of social, physical, and informational space development? To this end, we focus on 30 national and provincial capitals in China, proposing a novel, tri-dimensional SPI model—Social, Physical, and Information space—for smart city spatial development assessment. Employing a robust methodological approach, including entropy weighting, coupled coordination degree models, and the Dagum Gini coefficient, we conduct a spatial development and coordination analysis of these cities from 2011 to 2021. In addition, we utilize BP neural networks to evaluate the contribution of each indicator to the spatial coupled coordination. Our findings indicate a steady increase in the spatial coupled coordination development level of smart capitals in China, alongside a narrowing disparity in development speeds across regions, resulting in a staggered spatial distribution pattern. Specifically, the Information space subsystem represents the most influential driver of coupled coordination. The significance of this research lies in its unique tri-dimensional spatial perspective, offering valuable insights into the spatial development and coordination discrepancies in the smart city concept. These insights offer evidence-based support for regional planning and optimization strategies in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. Achieving Minimum Deterrence: A New Dyadic Dataset on Strategic Nuclear Weapons Delivery Capabilities.
- Author
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Suh, Kyungwon
- Subjects
NUCLEAR weapons ,CAPITAL cities ,INTERNATIONAL conflict - Abstract
This paper argues that existing quantitative studies mistakenly assume that all nuclear states can impose nuclear destruction on opponents by simply distinguishing nuclear states from non-nuclear states. This practice, however, does not capture variation in 1) nuclear states' possession of delivery capabilities, 2) the range of deployed nuclear delivery systems, and 3) the geographic distance between nuclear states and their dyadic counterparts. Instead of this monadic nuclear statehood approach, I propose the dyadic nuclear reach approach, which uses a new dyad-specific measure of states' strategic nuclear delivery capabilities. It codes whether a nuclear state can launch a nuclear strike against a given opponent by using the information about the estimated range of each nuclear state's strategic nuclear delivery platforms, nuclear operation bases, and states' capital cities. An empirical application shows that using an appropriate measure of nuclear capabilities does significantly alter existing empirical knowledge of nuclear weapons and international conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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14. THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED REGIONS OF UE COUNTRIES.
- Author
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WÓJCIK, Andrzej
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,UNEMPLOYMENT statistics ,CAPITAL cities ,SOCIAL impact ,SOCIAL marginality ,ECONOMIC sectors ,DESIGN services - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the considerations presented in the paper was to examine the changes that occurred in both population and GDP size and in selected economic sectors as a result of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the highlighted EU regions. Design/methodology/approach: The paper examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population of selected EU regions, GDP in those regions, and the impact of the pandemic on the unemployment rate, the number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, the number of nights spent in overnight accommodations, the number of passengers traveling by air, the number of people who ordered goods or services online in the past year, and employment in high-tech sectors. The impact was examined by analyzing development trend models for selected variables and verifying the hypothesis of constancy of model parameters with the Chow test. Predictions of selected variables were also counted if there had been no pandemic and compared to actual values from the COVID-19 pandemic period. Findings: Not all regions were equally affected by the effects of the pandemic. This was undoubtedly influenced by the authorities' struggle with the effects of the pandemic, but also by the entrepreneurial spirit of the residents of the regions studied. Also in different spheres of economic life, the effects of the pandemic varied from negative to positive. Research limitations/implications: Further research should also include the other EU regions and more economic sectors, allowing us to group regions according to similarities in coping with the pandemic and calculate spatial correlations. A problem we may encounter is the lack of sufficient data, which may result in the exclusion of some regions and economic sectors from the study. Social implications: Through the research, we can highlight regions that are coping better with the effects of a pandemic, and this can inspire regions that are coping less well. In the future, regions can look up to the actions carried out by authorities in other regions to offset the effects of pandemics (or other disasters with global effects) and transfer them to their own region. Originality/value: The article compares regions within the boundaries of which are national capitals. It was shown which region did best in combating the effects of the pandemic and which did less well. The article also shows what the impact of the pandemic was on the various branches of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. A Comparative Analysis of Declarative Sentences in the Spontaneous Speech of Two Puerto Rican Communities.
- Author
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Visconte, Piero, Sessarego, Sandro, and Rao, Rajiv
- Subjects
SPEECH ,SPANISH language ,CAPITAL cities ,COMPARATIVE studies ,PHONOLOGY ,INTONATION (Phonetics) - Abstract
This paper applies the Autosegmental Metrical (AM) model of intonation phonology and the Spanish Tones and Break Indices (Sp_ToBI) annotation conventions to compare the intonational contours of declarative sentences in two varieties of Puerto Rican Spanish: (1) San Juan Spanish, spoken in the capital city of San Juan, and (2) Loíza Spanish, an Afro-Hispanic vernacular spoken in Loíza. The geographical proximity between these two municipalities entails constant contact within a shared linguistic space. However, speakers from San Juan perceive Loíza as a municipality that has its own peculiar way of speaking. The acoustic and phonological analysis was carried out with PRAAT to verify whether pitch accents coincide in the spontaneous speech of the two analyzed varieties. The data we examined contain an overall predominance of the bitonal pitch accents L*+H and L+
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- 2024
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16. Does national intellectual capital matter for economic growth in the Asia–Pacific economies?
- Author
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Vo, Duc Hong and Tran, Ngoc Phu
- Subjects
CAPITAL cities ,ECONOMIC expansion ,INTELLECTUAL capital ,PRODUCTION (Economic theory) ,VALUE (Economics) - Abstract
Purpose: Countries worldwide aim to improve their comparative advantages by efficiently using scarce resources for economic growth and development. While many studies have been conducted to measure intellectual capital at the firm's level, measuring it at the national level has been under-examined. In addition, while the important role of national intellectual capital in economic growth has been theoretically recognized in literature, this important link has largely been ignored in empirical analyses. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses the newly developed index of national intellectual capital from Vo and Tran's (2022) study to examine its effects on national economic growth in the long run. The dynamic common correlated effects technique and the pooled mean group estimation are used on the sample of 23 economies in the Asia–Pacific region from 2000 to 2020. Findings: Findings from this study confirm the positive and significant contribution of the national intellectual capital to economic growth in the region. The authors also find that, as a feedback effect, economic growth will also enhance and improve the accumulation of national intellectual capital. Practical implications: The findings of this paper provide valuable evidence and implications for policymakers in managing and improving national intellectual capital in the Asia–Pacific region. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first empirical study to examine the impact of national intellectual capital on economic growth in the long run in the Asia–Pacific economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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17. Benefits of public–private cooperation: The case study of Seve Ballesteros-Santander Airport in Spain.
- Author
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Gundelfinger, Javier
- Subjects
CAPITAL cities ,AIRWAYS (Aeronautics) ,METROPOLIS ,TRAFFIC flow ,AIRPORT expansion ,AIRPORTS ,MODERNIZATION (Social science) - Abstract
Seve Ballesteros-Santander Airport (SDR/LEXJ) is a success story among Europe's small regional airports. This success is due, among other factors, to: 1) the commitment to the promotion of connectivity and tourism by the successive regional governments of Cantabria, one of the 17 regions making up Spain; 2) the management of the infrastructure carried out by Aena, with intense modernisation and expansion of the airport; and 3) the commitment of the airlines to Cantabria through the development of a large network of air routes, especially Ryanair, but also Air Nostrum, Vueling, Iberia, Volotea, Wizz Air and Binter. In the last 20 years, the airport's traffic volume has quadrupled from 250.000 passengers to one million. The number of destinations has increased from just a few frequencies to Madrid and Barcelona to 30 destinations covering the whole of Spain and providing connectivity to the main European capitals and major cities. This paper will analyse some of the factors, including supply and demand, that have given rise to this success. It will also discuss the economic impact of the airport on the region and some of the main opportunities and challenges it will face throughout the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. New Capital City of Indonesia, an Opportunity or Threat for Ecotourism Resilience in East Borneo.
- Author
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Sukmana, Eman and Azizah, Amiril
- Subjects
CAPITAL cities ,ECOTOURISM ,SCIENTIFIC literature ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,RESEARCH questions ,COLLECTIVE action - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore the positive and negative impacts of relocating the new national capital (IKN) to East Kalimantan on ecotourism resilience, in the context of scientific literature and international news. This research integrated the systematic literature review (SLR) and qualitative textual analysis (QTA) methods to validate each other's results. The QTA results could support or challenge the SLR results to answer research questions. The results showed that the relocation of IKN was a great opportunity for ecotourism resilience, positive transmigration, government and community collective action, and stronger stakeholder collaboration. In contrast, IKN relocation could also be a real threat to ecotourism resilience due to natural disasters, government capitalism, negative transmigration, deforestation, environmental degradation, and marginalization of local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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19. Damage Evaluation and Seismic Assessment of a Typical Historical Unreinforced Masonry Building in the Zagreb 2020 Earthquake: A Case Study—Part I.
- Author
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Uroš, Mario, Demšić, Marija, Šavor Novak, Marta, Atalić, Josip, Baniček, Maja, Jevtić Rundek, Romano, Duvnjak, Ivan, Košćak, Janko, Pilipović, Ante, and Prevolnik, Snježan
- Subjects
HISTORIC buildings ,EARTHQUAKES ,EARTHQUAKE zones ,MASONRY ,GROUND motion ,EARTHQUAKE hazard analysis ,CAPITAL cities - Abstract
The city of Zagreb, the national capital and economic hub of Croatia, is situated in a seismically active region and hosts a significant array of historical buildings, from the medieval to Austro-Hungarian periods. These buildings possess varying but generally high degrees of vulnerability to seismic loading. This was highlighted in the Zagreb earthquake of 22 March 2020, emphasizing the need for seismic retrofitting in order to preserve this architectural heritage. In this paper, the seismic capacity of one such unreinforced masonry building is considered through a number of analysis methods, including response spectrum, pushover, and out-of-plane wall failure analyses. Given the advantages and disadvantages of the individual methods, their applicability and value in a seismic analysis is considered. Ambient vibration measurements before and after the Zagreb 2020 earthquake, used for model calibration, are also presented. Conclusions are drawn from each individual analysis and later compared. In conclusion, no single analysis method considers all relevant failure modes, and a combination of nonlinear static or dynamic analysis and out-of-plane analysis is recommended. Due to the large volume of the material, it is published in two parts, with ground motion record selection, dynamic analysis, and a comparison of the results published in part two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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20. Investigating Ladybug as A Tool for Measuring Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Neighborhoods.
- Author
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El-Bahrawy, Aya M. F.
- Subjects
THERMAL comfort ,LADYBUGS ,CLIMATIC zones ,MEASURING instruments ,CLIMATE extremes ,CAPITAL cities ,OPTICAL character recognition - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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21. High-speed rail, resource allocation and haze pollution in China.
- Author
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Cheng, Qi and Yang, Jun
- Subjects
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CAPITAL movements , *CAPITAL cities , *CITIES & towns , *PARTICULATE matter , *INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) - Abstract
The transport sector is crucial in influencing anthropogenic pollution. By employing Chinese prefecture-level city data from 2003 to 2019 and a sample of 443124 observations of industrial firms from 2003 to 2013, this paper treats the opening of high-speed rail (HSR) as a quasi-natural experiment and uses a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) method to investigate the impact of HSR on haze pollution. The findings reveal that (1) HSR has a significant negative effect on cities' PM 2.5 concentrations, and the result is held after a series of robustness checks; (2) the analysis based on Chinese industrial firm data also yields significant results in reducing smoke and dust emissions by HSR, providing micro-level understanding for the main conclusion; (3) at the firm level, heterogeneity derives from firm ownership, location, and industry; (4) the reduction in industrial firms' labor and capital distortion and resource misallocation play a crucial role in the HSR's impact on mitigating haze pollution; (5) at the city level, HSR reduces haze pollution by improving overall resource allocation across cities, and promoting the flow of capital to cities that are more developed and have higher returns. These results indicate that recognizing the causal relationship between HSR and haze pollution and the impact mechanism poses policy implications for inter-city transportation infrastructure development and pollution control. • We provide empirical evidence from both macro and micro perspectives that HSR can reduces haze pollution. • The heterogeneity effects at the firm level come from firm ownership, location, and industry. • Resource allocation effect is found to be an important channel for HSR on haze pollution. • The findings provide implications for HSR, market integration and haze pollution control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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22. Opposition windows in Delhi’s water utility privatization: going beyond the multiple streams framework.
- Author
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Kumar, Ashok, Singh, Nitin, Mdee, Anna, Singhal, Shivani, and Amezaga, Jaime
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CAPITAL cities , *WATER utilities , *GOVERNMENT policy , *WATER supply , *NATIONAL territory - Abstract
John Kingdon’s Multi-Stream Framework sheds light on the foundational conditions under which public policies get formulated and implemented. The coupling of the Problem, Policy, and Politics streams along with efforts by Policy Entrepreneurs opens the Opportunity Window for policy realization. Interpreting Kingdon’s MSF, a rich scholarship exists, which found evidence in support of this framework. Some instances of the opening up of multiple windows are found in MSF. However, two aspects remain unclear. First, what happens when multiple windows open, some of them could be opened by the opposing side simultaneously to the policy window? Second, no literature exists that discusses the application of multiple windows of the MSF. In this context, this paper takes the idea of multiple windows seriously along with illustrations from Delhi, India where we find that although a window of opportunity existed for the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi, it could not privatize water supply. Our argument is that multiple windows opened up, some by the opposition that thwarted water privatization attempts of the state government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Pseudo-dynamic rupture implementation and earthquake engineering consequences of simulated ground motion in NCT Delhi (India) caused by Mwmw8.2 Nahan Himalaya seismic gap earthquake.
- Author
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Joshi, Lav and Narayan, J. P.
- Subjects
GROUND motion ,EARTHQUAKE engineering ,EARTHQUAKES ,CAPITAL cities ,PERFORMANCE-based design ,SKYSCRAPERS - Abstract
This paper presents the physics based ground motion synthetics and its earthquake engineering consequences in the National Capital Territory (NCT) Delhi, India due to the Mw8.2 scenario earthquake on the Nahan segment of the western Himalaya. In order to fulfill the aim, a state-of-the-art pseudo-dynamic rupture is implemented in a 3D fourth-order staggered-grid viscoelastic time-domain finite-difference code. The ground motion is simulated in a frequency bandwidth of 0–2.5 Hz at the basement level at 158 locations of the NCT Delhi. The computed transverse component of velocity time series at the basement level is numerically transferred to the free surface taking into account the rheological parameters of the sediment deposit. Upon first inspection, the estimated range of peak ground acceleration, between 0.017–0.12 g, indicates that all the buildings in the NCT Delhi will remain safe in the event of an Mw8.2 Nahan earthquake, provided they are constructed in accordance with Indian building codes. But, the computed acceleration response spectra (Sa) depicts that some of the high-rise buildings of the NCT Delhi may suffer minor damage to collapse under partial or complete double resonance condition due to Sa exceeding the DBE and MCE levels. The obtained range of pseudo-spectral displacements (Sd) reveals the need of performance-based design for high-rise buildings in the NCT Delhi, so that they can withstand under partial or complete double resonance condition during the occurrence of Nahan earthquakes. The developed contour maps of Sa and Sd at different periods can be used for the retrofitting and forced-based and displacement-based designs of the high-rise buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Optimisation of intersections' performance using traffic signal coordination in Padang, Indonesia.
- Author
-
Yosritzal, Purnawan, and Mukmin, Aflahal
- Subjects
- *
TRAFFIC signs & signals , *CAPITAL cities , *TRAFFIC congestion , *TRAFFIC signal control systems , *PROBLEM solving - Abstract
Padang is one of the metropolitan cities in Indonesia and the capital city of West Sumatra Province. As a metro city, traffic jams are one of the city's problems, especially at adjacent intersections. Isolated traffic management applied in the city has yet to successfully solve the problem. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of some intersections if traffic signal coordination is applied. In this simulation study, PTV Vissim software was used. The study's findings indicated that traffic signal coordination would improve the traffic performance of the intersection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Information acquisition and dissemination among a sample of people who inject drugs in Australia.
- Author
-
Sutherland, Rachel, Peacock, Amy, Crawford, Sione, Holly, Carol, Gava, Peta, Dicka, Jane, Manu, Geoff, and Byrne, Jude
- Subjects
- *
INFORMATION dissemination , *DRUGS of abuse , *SOCIAL networks , *CAPITAL cities , *HARM reduction - Abstract
Introduction: This paper examines the acquisition and dissemination of harm reduction information among people who inject drugs, as well as preferred sources of information. Methods: Data were obtained from 862 people who inject drugs, recruited from Australian capital cities for the 2021 Illicit Drug Reporting System. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess potential factors associated with knowledge sharing. Results: Almost two‐fifths (37%) reported that they had received information about how to keep themselves safe when using drugs within the past 6 months. Reporting on their last occasion of receiving information, participants stated that it was commonly about injecting practices (56%), overdose prevention (26%) and injection‐related injuries (22%), and was mostly received from an alcohol and other drug worker (54%), followed by other health professional (24%) and social network (18%). Among those who reported receiving information, 50% shared this information with other people, predominantly with their social network: no factors were found to be significantly associated with sharing information. The majority reported that peer workers and/or people with lived experience would be the first person they would talk to for information about a range of topics (e.g., injecting/harm reduction practices, overdose prevention). Discussion and Conclusions: Two in five participants had recently obtained information about how to keep themselves safe while using drugs, with half sharing this information with their social network. Peer workers were the preferred source of information, suggesting that the peer educator workforce should be expanded to embrace the capacities and expertise of people who inject drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. LATEST ISSUES.
- Author
-
Alexander, Michael
- Subjects
CAPITAL cities ,LIGHT sources ,POLYMER currency ,BROTHERS - Abstract
The National Reserve Bank of Tonga has introduced a new series of banknotes featuring a portrait of HM King Tupou VI. The banknotes include two polymer denominations, while the remaining denominations are printed on cotton-fiber paper. The new banknotes incorporate state-of-the-art security features and themed reverse designs that reflect Tongan culture, history, and future aspirations. The entire series is printed by De La Rue, UK, and will gradually replace the previous series of banknotes. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
27. AMERICANS PARIS.
- Subjects
REAL estate sales ,CITIES & towns ,CAPITAL cities ,SUBURBS - Abstract
According to an article in French Property News Magazine, French motorists can now replace their traditional pink paper driving license with a new credit card-sized version to avoid a backlog of applications as the deadline approaches. Additionally, as of April 1, 2024, French motorists will no longer be required to display the green insurance card on their vehicle's windshield, as the system is being modernized and digitalized. The article also mentions that American buyers are significantly present in the Paris real estate market, with US buyers preferring central Parisian neighborhoods. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
28. NEWS IN BRIEF.
- Subjects
REAL estate sales ,CITIES & towns ,CAPITAL cities ,SUBURBS - Abstract
According to an article in French Property News Magazine, French motorists can now replace their traditional pink paper driving license with a new credit card-sized version to avoid a backlog of applications as the deadline approaches. The replacement can be requested for free on the permisdeconduire.ants.gouv.fr website. Additionally, French motorists will no longer be required to display the green insurance card on their vehicle's windshield, as the system is being modernized and digitalized. American buyers are also shown to have a significant presence in the Paris real estate market, with an average purchase price of €715,000 in central Parisian neighborhoods. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
29. The Quiz.
- Subjects
CAPITAL cities ,EARTHQUAKES ,HOTEL rooms - Abstract
This document is a quiz with a series of questions and answers. The questions cover a range of topics including the Paris 2024 Olympics, geography, music, language, history, and math. The answers to the questions are provided at the end of the document. The quiz was compiled by Cindy MacDonald, the deputy editor of the Saturday Paper. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
30. What's urban planning in the Brazilian 21st century?
- Author
-
Martins, Maria Lucia Refinetti, Versari Ferreira, Jeanne Christine, and Gonçalves, Ana Leticia Saquete
- Subjects
- *
URBAN planning , *TWENTY-first century , *CITIES & towns , *LAND use planning , *CAPITAL cities , *STATUTORY interpretation - Abstract
The Brazilian City Statute, from 2001, has institutionalized urban planning instruments at the federal level, comprising an amalgamation of design, law, planning, and economics. This regulation has established just principles, whose interpretation and application in spatial planning land use parameters are the municipalities' responsibility. The paper introduces interpretations of the Statute and practices in three Brazilian cities of different scales: a national economic capital, a state capital, and a regional metropolis. Considering that urban planning today is determined more by economic logic than by urban principles, we ask: what's urban planning in the Brazilian 21st Century? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Governance of urban mobility policies and plans in Asian cities.
- Author
-
Regmi, Madan B.
- Subjects
- *
CITIES & towns , *CITY dwellers , *URBAN policy , *PUBLIC transit , *CAPITAL cities , *CITIZENS - Abstract
Taking a mixed method and comparative case study approach, this paper has analyzed the formulation process of mobility policy strategies and plans and their implementation in four Asian cities. The key findings are: (1) there was some evidence on leadership shown by mayors, governors, public transport administrators and police in all four cities; (2) limited stakeholder engagement in the whole process of policy formation to implementation and some forms of donor influence were observed in three capital cities that resulted in follow-up projects or studies; and (3) the implementation of policies and plans faced many challenges relating to leadership, resources, prioritization, and coordination among various organizations. There was much focus on the formulation of mobility policies and plans and the users could not feel a meaningful improvement to urban mobility services despite the implementation of large urban mobility projects. A comprehensive evaluation framework is proposed and used to evaluate the whole process of improving urban mobility from policy formulation to implementation. There seems to be much preference for large urban transit projects vis-à-vis infrastructure for active mobility and low-cost solutions. The research also indicates the need for meaningful public engagement so that the mobility plans take a citizen-centric approach that reflects the needs of the urban residents, rather than taking a modernistic approach with solutions more suitable for middle-income groups. Delays in the implementation of major projects also suggest that more realistic planning, scheduling, and improvement in project management and coordination is necessary. • Reviews and assesses the whole process of mobility polices and plans in Asian cities. • There was some evidence of leadership shown by mayors, governors, public transport administrators and police. • Limited stakeholder engagement in the process of policy formation to implementation and some donor influence observed. • There was much focus on the formulation of mobility polices and plans and without much improvement to mobility services. • A comprehensive evaluation framework is proposed to evaluate mobility polices and plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Feasibility of condensate water recycle of split air handling unit in Chinese University buildings.
- Author
-
Xiang Deng, Yiyun Shen, Senwang Yang, Jingyang Feng, Si Wang, Dongyue Li, and Yanru Li
- Subjects
COLLEGE buildings ,DEW point ,CAPITAL cities ,HOT weather conditions ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Recycling the condensate water of the air conditioner could be explored as an alternative water source to contribute to building the green campus. This paper explored the condensate water production through actual measurement based on a split air handling unit (SAHU) in a university building. Then, the statistical analysis was used to analyze the recycling feasibility and the impact factors of the condensate water production in 31 Chinese provincial capital cities to obtain the recycling potential map of the condensate water generated from a SAHU. Results showed that: (1) In the measurement, the amount of condensate water produced by a single split air conditioner was 1.6 kg from 12:40 to 13:40. Therefore, the daily output of condensate water of the air conditioner with the university operation schedule could reach 52.99 kg during the main air-conditioning season. (2) Among the 31 provincial capital cities in China, the largest condensate water outputs could be found in the Hot Summer and Warm Winter zone and the Hot Summer and Cold Winter zone, with an average monthly output of 1600 kg and 1100 kg, respectively. (3) Regression analysis showed that the dry-bulb temperature and dew point temperature of outdoor air had the highest positive and significant influence on condensate water production. The objective of this study is to provide theoretical guidance for the design and energy conservation evaluation of the feasibility of SAHU condensate water recycling in universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Rural–Urban Migration and Fertility Ideation in Senegal: Comparing Returned, Current, and Future Migrants to Dakar to Rural Nonmigrants.
- Author
-
Boujija, Yacine, Bignami, Simona, and Sandberg, John
- Subjects
- *
INTERNAL migration , *RURAL-urban migration , *FERTILITY , *CITY dwellers , *RETURN migrants , *FERTILITY decline , *IMMIGRANTS , *CAPITAL cities - Abstract
In low‐ and middle‐income countries, significant differences in fertility beliefs between rural and urban areas arise from the differential timing and pace of fertility declines. Demographers have long hypothesized about the diffusion of these beliefs and behaviors from urban to rural areas, potentially via temporary rural–urban labor migration. In this paper, we investigate the association between temporary internal migration from rural Senegal to the capital city, Dakar, and differences in the fertility and contraceptive beliefs and preferences of migrants and nonmigrants. We test socialization, selection, and adaptation hypotheses by comparing the fertility ideation of current and returning migrants with that of nonmigrants and future migrants from their place of origin. Our results support selection effects, explaining half of the differences between nonmigrants and migrants. Once selection effects are removed, significant differences remain between nonmigrants and current or returning migrants. These differences are largely explained by two complementary measures of adaptation: years lived in Dakar and the number of ties to residents of that city. The results indicate that adaptation is as important, if not more so than selection in explaining differences between migrants and nonmigrants. This holds true even for returned migrants five years after their last migration spell. Of the two potential adaptation mechanisms explored, the time spent in Dakar generally explained adaptation better than ties to nonmigrants in Dakar. However, our complementary analyses do not rule out the importance of urban networks on fertility, as they contribute to migrant selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. A study on the waste generation rates and recycling potential for the construction and demolition waste in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- Author
-
Haque, Shama E., Nahar, Nazmun, and Haque, Md. Sazzadul
- Subjects
CONSTRUCTION & demolition debris ,WASTE management ,CAPITAL cities ,SUSTAINABLE construction ,WASTE recycling ,REAL estate business ,CONSTRUCTION projects - Abstract
Construction and demolition waste has a high environmental and socio-economic impact due to its poor management infrastructure. In recent years, Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, experienced significant growth in the real estate sector, which demands substantial construction and demolition activities within the city. Most of the construction and demolition waste finds its way to landfills, roadsides, and unapproved locations with a 2% recycling rate through local scrap vendors and unregulated recyclers. In an effort to assess the waste generation rates from ongoing construction and demolition activities, the current study employed the Site Visit method along with direct and indirect waste quantification methodologies for the investigated demolition and construction projects, respectively. The findings indicate that for per unit area (m
2 ) of demolition and construction, the average WGR was found to be approximately 575.0 kg and 73.9 kg, respectively. Projection reveals that by 2025 and 2030, within Dhaka City, construction and demolition activities will generate roughly 1.15 MT and 1.69 MT of construction and demolition waste if no recycling actions are considered. Additionally, the results highlight the recycling potential of construction and demolition waste with respect to economic benefits through the maximum recycling rates for the relevant materials. Furthermore, to address the future of sustainable construction and demolition waste management infrastructure, this paper presents a detailed overview of the current onsite construction and demolition waste management practices as well as safety protocols for demolition and construction activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Emission inventory of inorganic trace gases from solid residential fuels over the National Capital Territory of India.
- Author
-
Arya, Rahul, Ahlawat, Sakshi, Yadav, Lokesh, Rani, Martina, Mondal, Arnab, Jangirh, Ritu, Kotnala, Garima, Choudhary, Nikki, Rai, Akansha, Saharan, Ummed Singh, Yadav, Pooja, Banoo, Rubiya, Sharma, Sudhir Kumar, Gurjar, Bhola Ram, Nemitz, Eiko, Hamilton, Jacqueline F., and Mandal, Tuhin Kumar
- Subjects
TRACE gases ,EMISSION inventories ,CAPITAL cities ,NATIONAL territory ,CROP residues - Abstract
In developing nations, solid residential fuels are the major sources of primary energy for various domestic activities. To date, the emission inventory of inorganic trace gases over National Capital Territory (NCT) was prepared using either default or country-specific emission factors. In this paper, we report (for the first time) the spatial variation of emission factors (EFs) of inorganic trace gases (SO
2 , NO, NO2 , CO, CO2 , and CH4 ) from the residential fuels used in slums and rural areas of NCT determined using dilution chamber in the laboratory. 147 residential fuel samples, including fuelwood, dung cake, crop residues, coal, etc., were collected at 149 NCT locations out of 675 slum clusters and 146 rural villages. The range of EF(s) of SO2 (0.02 ± 0.01 to 0.04 ± 0.01 g kg−1 ), CH4 (0.10 to 0.34 g kg−1 ), NO2 (0.01 to 0.02 g kg−1 ) is lower than the CO (3.55 ± 1.72 to 6.07 ± 1.53 g kg−1 ) and CO2 (0 to 129.45 ± 46.94 g kg−1 ). The north and north west districts of NCT are emission hotspots for CH4 , NO, and NO2 emissions, whereas, the southern and northern areas of NCT are for CO2 . These citywide emission inventories (0.05° × 0.05°) of inorganic trace gases are prepared using laboratory-determined EFs and available consumption data determined by recent survey information. Among solid residential fuels, fuel wood, and dung cake are two major contributors to inorganic trace gases in NCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The perfect storm? The Bus Industry Confederation talks about dealing with escalating costs and the contributing factors impacting the bus and coach industry.
- Subjects
BUS industry ,PUBLIC transit ,CAPITAL cities ,DOMESTIC economic assistance ,BODYBUILDERS ,SUBURBS - Abstract
The Bus Industry Confederation discusses the challenges facing the bus and coach industry in Australia. The sector has been impacted by increasing costs, procurement cycles, contractual constraints, and workforce shortages. External factors such as hyperinflation, rising material and wage costs, and supply chain uncertainty have also affected the industry. Several bus manufacturers and chassis suppliers have closed down their operations in Australia, leading to a decrease in the percentage of buses manufactured domestically. Urgent government assistance is needed to prevent further decline in the industry. The Confederation advocates for the manufacturing of zero-emission buses as a growth opportunity that aligns with emerging industries like battery manufacturing. The full details of the industry's challenges can be found in the Confederation's paper, "The Bus and Coach Supply Chain in Australia: An industry in Crisis." [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
37. Beyond the known: Walking accessibility twist to new cities.
- Author
-
Korah, Prosper Issahaku, Cobbinah, Patrick Brandful, and Adu, Providence
- Subjects
- *
CITIES & towns , *AUTOCORRELATION (Statistics) , *CITY dwellers , *PUBLIC transit , *CAPITAL cities , *DATA distribution - Abstract
While research on new cities is emerging across African cities, focusing on housing, infrastructure, and service provision, little is known about walking accessibility for residents within and outside these new cities. Using the national capital of Ghana as a case study, the purpose of this paper is twofold: (a) it measures walking accessibility within and outside new cities in Accra; and (b) it compares walking accessibility to urban amenities between residents in and outside new cities. Publicly available data on the location and distribution of various urban amenities in Accra were obtained, and accumulated distance and spatial autocorrelation statistics were used. Our findings demonstrate that while at the metropolitan level, less than 50% of residents have walking accessibility to the nearest parks, schools, and new job opportunities within 15 min' walk, those in new cities were significantly disadvantaged in terms of walking accessibility to parks, job opportunities, schools, and public transport stops compared to residents outside. The findings show that the location of new cities does not consider walking accessibility in Accra. This finding underscores the uncoordinated and splintering phenomenon that epitomizes the spatial location of new cities and their contribution to unsustainable urban forms. Given that new cities are rapidly emerging in African cities, we recommend a more coordinated and balanced provision of urban amenities within walking distance in new cities and peripheral areas of African cities to generate efficient, livable, and sustainable urban forms. • This paper examines walking accessibility for residents within and outside new cities. • Walking accessibility to six work and non-work activities is computed. • Findings indicate new cities are disadvantaged in terms of walking accessibility to amenities. • It recommends a more coordinated and balanced provision of amenities within walking distance in new cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Beyond Urban Planning: Challenges of Resource Management in the Construction of Late Antique Capital Cities.
- Author
-
Snyder, J. Riley
- Subjects
CONSTRUCTION materials ,CITIES & towns ,EVIDENCE gaps ,URBAN planning ,CONSTRUCTION management ,CAPITAL cities - Abstract
Constantinople and Ravenna found new life in Late Antiquity through calculated decisions to transform them into capitals. For these cities to succeed, simultaneous large-scale imperial building projects had to be undertaken, such as fortifications, roads, aqueducts, palaces, and harbors. This created great competition for resources, especially considering the local lack of any established procurement and production industries of the scale required. Unfortunately, there exists no direct archaeological evidence for these industries. Though law codes provide useful insight into how the construction industry functioned, they do not mention brick, a critical building material that was used in great quantities. As such, this article addresses this gap in the evidence. It uses Actor-Network and Material Engagement Theories to investigate and reimage the complex human-object relationships involved in material sourcing and production industries in Ravenna and Constantinople in the decades following their accession as capital cities. Quantitative analysis of extant structures under the framework of backward induction—starting from an end result and reasoning backward in time to identify the most advantageous sequence(s) of events—helps us identify the comparable and contrasting nature of supplying enough building materials for these two new capitals in Late Antiquity. The qualitative and quantitative results from representative case studies show not only that new, large-scale industries focusing on the procurement of bricks were necessary to ensure the success of these new capital cities but that their successful operation was facilitated only by linking rural, peri-urban, and urban landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Place-based drivers and effective management of population growth and change in regional Australia.
- Author
-
Buckle, Caitlin, Werner, Greta, Marshall, Nancy, Searle, Glen, Osbaldiston, Nick, Sarkar, Somwrita, Kundu, Durba, and Gurran, Nicole
- Subjects
SOCIAL surveys ,CENSUS ,HOUSING ,CITIES & towns ,URBAN-rural migration ,RETIREMENT communities ,CAPITAL cities - Abstract
This document is a final report of an inquiry into projecting Australia's urban and regional futures, specifically focusing on population dynamics, regional mobility, and planning responses. It examines the drivers and effective management of population growth and change in regional Australia, identifying various push and pull factors influencing population change and providing policy implications for managing population growth and change in non-metropolitan areas. The report highlights the importance of factors such as proximity to major cities, access to transport links, availability of housing, and lifestyle opportunities in attracting and retaining residents. Challenges identified include insufficient infrastructure, housing affordability, and the need to attract key workers. The report suggests policy solutions such as supporting local business development, improving internet connectivity and transport infrastructure, and providing affordable housing and key worker incentives. Cooperation between different levels of government and industry is also crucial in managing population change effectively. The document also discusses the social impacts of population growth and decline, particularly in relation to skills shortages and the pressure on health services. It analyzes the factors influencing population change, identifies push-pull factors for migration to regional areas, and investigates how local governments can manage population growth. The report presents the methodology used, including statistical modeling and surveys, and provides an analysis of the variables that impact population change. The text also discusses the use of regression analysis to understand the factors influencing population growth and decline in regional urban areas in Australia, highlighting the importance of factors such as proximity to the coast and major cities, climate, industry specialization, and the presence of a highly educated workforce [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Centring or suburbanization? Changing locations of producer services in Shanghai.
- Author
-
Wei, Yehua Dennis, Xiao, Weiye, and Wu, Yangyi
- Subjects
LOCAL transit access ,CITIES & towns ,HUMAN capital ,CAPITAL cities ,REAL property - Abstract
Producer services are a critical indicator of global cities in advanced economies, whose spatial-temporal dynamics reflect the trajectory of urban transformation. However, the growth of producer services in China cannot be fully explained by current theories (e.g. neoclassical, institutional, global city and human capital theories), especially regarding their development process and geographical contexts. This study developed a context-sensitive analytical framework to comprehensively examine the location of producer services in Shanghai, a global city. We used rigorous geospatial analytical methods and considered sectoral differences and local contexts, especially institutional factors and urban spatial structure. We found that producer services in Shanghai were still concentrated in the city centre, but a dispersion trend could be detected, and subcentres were emerging in suburban areas. Further analysis highlighted producer service firms' significant sector differences and various underlying spatiotemporal locational determinants. We identified positive effects of agglomeration on the emergence of centres for IT and research services. However, the concentration of financial and real estate services needs diversity, and agglomeration had a negative impact on them. Also, access to public transit promoted the development of IT and research services. Our study suggests that none of the existing theories alone can explain the location of producer servicer firms in Shanghai, and that sectoral heterogeneity and spatiality of producer services should be seriously considered in policy development and future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Measuring the urban sprawl based on economic-dominated perspective: the case of 31 municipalities and provincial capitals.
- Author
-
Zhu, Qiqi, Zeng, Meizhi, Jia, Pengfei, Guo, Mingqiang, Liang, Xun, and Guan, Qingfeng
- Subjects
URBAN growth ,URBAN planning ,GEOGRAPHIC boundaries ,CITIES & towns ,CAPITAL cities - Abstract
Accurate measurement of urban sprawl is vital for urban planning and management. Urban planning-induced internal structure complexity affects the extent of urban sprawl. In addition, urban sprawl is closely linked to economic development. The study attempts to explore the impact of urban sprawl from an economic-dominated perspective. Thus a City-Ring road-County (CRC) scale framework based on top-down administrative divisions for urban sprawl measurement is proposed: 1) the single-index measurement based on economic activity is applied to calculate urban sprawl; 2) the spatiotemporal pattern of urban sprawl is investigated through a case study in 31 economy-dominated provincial capital cities across China from 2005 to 2015; 3) the impact of economy and land on urban sprawl is explored using correlation analysis. The results indicate that the degree of urban sprawl at the city scale shows an "inverted U-shaped" curve from 2005 to 2015, which represents that the phenomenon of urban sprawl was most severe in 2010. It finds that urban sprawl was more severe in the east and central regions relative to the provincial capitals in the western region, with the situation being most severe in the northeast region. Regions that have been transformed from suburban to urban built-up areas need to be given priority attention by the local government, including population movement, land layout, and fiscal policy, to meet the criteria of the urbanization process. Through correlation analysis, we also found that urban sprawl was influenced by the industry structure and the form of built-up area. The outcome of the study suggests that the data scale is sufficiently small in granularity to provide geographic boundaries for systematic analysis of urban sprawl in multiple administrative regions. Thus, the study helps provide a reference for differential planning policy formulation by governments at diverse economic levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The close complementarity of museums and theme parks as a tourist package in European capital cities
- Author
-
Lázaro Florido-Benítez
- Subjects
Museums ,Theme parks ,Tourist packages ,Public transport ,Visitors ,Capital cities ,Business ,HF5001-6182 - Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse museums and theme parks as a tourist package and how the proximity of airports to the city and public transport influence the development of this tourist package to stimulate tourism demand in cities. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative and quantitative indicators have been applied in our methodology to measure the most visited European theme parks and museums from 2012 to 2022. Moreover, the localisation of airports has allowed us to address the importance of theme parks and museums in cities and their regional economies. Findings – The results suggest that the location of the city, entertainment complementary activity, airport proximity, intermodal passenger transport, air and train accessibility, tourism demand and supply, and a high concentration of population in cities have a high influence on the development of a tourist package that includes museums and theme parks to stimulate the tourism demand in European urban cities. London and Paris are two of the most visited cities in the world, and these are the most attractive European cities for tourists in terms of efficiency because tourists can optimize much better their space and time to visit the city’s tourist attractions during their holidays. Another important finding is that the public transport service plays an important role in museums and theme parks’ visits and the optimization of space-time for tourists when they are visiting a city and its tourist attractions on holidays, especially subways, trains and buses. Although time-space measures of accessibility in public transport in cities must be improved to optimize the time of the native population and tourists. Originality/value – This research shows the complementary role of museums and theme parks as an attractive tourist package and an entertainment, cultural and educational activity to improve the quality of tourism supply and redistribute tourist flows in European countries. Moreover, there are limited studies that tackle the theme of parks and museums in a tourism context.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Full stops.
- Author
-
CARLTON, ALEXANDRA
- Subjects
TRAVEL agents ,HYDRANTS ,SEAFOOD markets ,STREET food ,CAPITAL cities - Abstract
The article discusses the idea of incorporating stopovers into travel itineraries in order to experience different types of cuisine. The author suggests that Australians, for example, could break up their trips to the northern hemisphere with a stopover that offers a contrasting food experience to their main destination. The article provides examples of potential stopovers and highlights specific dishes or restaurants to try in each location. The author also recommends consulting travel advisors for assistance in planning these stopovers and maximizing their value. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
44. SFR's Next Era.
- Author
-
Goldberg, Reach
- Subjects
CAPITAL cities - Abstract
The Santa Fe Reporter, an alternative weekly newspaper, is approaching its 50th anniversary and is undergoing a leadership transition. Editor and Publisher Julie Ann Grimm is passing the reins to Julia Goldberg, the paper's longest-serving staff member. The previous owners, Richard Meeker and Mark Zusman, are actively seeking a local buyer to continue the legacy of the publication. Despite the challenges of the pandemic, the Santa Fe Reporter has remained financially and journalistically healthy, emphasizing the importance of local, independent ownership in the newspaper industry. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
45. Dwindling funds and increased responsibilities: Decentralization, unfunded mandates, and Harare's infrastructure crisis.
- Author
-
Marc Finn, Brandon and Bandauko, Elmond
- Subjects
- *
UNFUNDED mandates , *LITERATURE reviews , *MUNICIPAL budgets , *CITIES & towns , *FEDERAL government , *CAPITAL cities - Abstract
Zimbabwe's capital city, Harare, faces severe infrastructural challenges. The city is presented with major constraints in its ability to adequately provide services for its growing population while losing essential streams of revenue required for infrastructural maintenance and development. This occurs in the context of the decentralization from the Zimbabwean national government to its cities. Cities like Harare are tasked with mandates to govern but are not provided the adequate financial means nor support to sustain their population or aging infrastructure. In this paper, we study this issue by conducting a broad literature review on decentralization and unfunded urban mandates, before narrowing our focus to decentralization and urban governance in sub-Saharan Africa. We then interrogate Harare as a case study, drawing on two rounds of interviews in 2015 and 2022 to identify key aspects of Harare's infrastructure crisis, which we tie to its unfunded mandates. We conducted 51 semi-structured expert interviews, and 4 extensive focus groups with a total of 32 people in order to revisit key themes that were prevalent during the first round of interviews. This was complemented by a review and analysis of national and city budgets and other relevant reports to demonstrate trends on revenue generation, capital expenditure and dynamics around intergovernmental fiscal transfers (IGFTs). We offer novel insights into Harare's infrastructure crisis, while also raising several urban financing and decentralization themes that are applicable from a global perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Urban security challenges in major cities, with a specific emphasis on privacy management in the metropolises.
- Author
-
Khaliji, Mohammad Ali and Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri, Kamran
- Subjects
CAPITAL cities ,METROPOLIS ,CITY dwellers ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,POLITICAL attitudes ,PRIVACY - Abstract
The rapid growth of urban populations, particularly in the global south, has led to significant challenges in urban security. Insufficient urban security measures can hinder the achievement of future development goals. This study explores the impact of rapid urbanization in capital cities on social, cultural, and environmental issues. The influx of individuals who are not fully integrated into the city can compromise urban security and increase vulnerability in certain groups and areas. The research aims to investigate urban privacy in relation to urban security, with a specific focus on privacy management in the capital city. The study utilizes an applied approach with a descriptive and analytical methodology. The statistical population consists of 856,565 individuals, with a sample of 383 people selected through simple random sampling. The questionnaire was validated by experts, and the reliability of different sections was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. The findings highlight the influence of factors such as lack of collaboration among security experts, diverse attitudes and political views, and legal and managerial differences on urban privacy vulnerability. Many studies have focused on general urban issues or specific crimes without addressing urban security. Weak regulations, inadequate plans and budgets, and a lack of security equipment are identified as variables affecting the security of the capital city. Managerial, legal, and structural vulnerabilities contribute to insecurity, lawlessness, cultural disparities, and a lack of safety and security in Tehran. The factor with the greatest impact (16.07%) is "coalition between security professionals," while the factor with the smallest impact (6.32%) is "sufficient security for investment and safety in night travel" among the total variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Navigating the capital investment through national governance in BRICS economies: the role of cash holdings.
- Author
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Farooq, Umar, Al-Naimi, Ahmad A., Arfeen, Muhammad Irfanullah, and Alnaimat, Mohammad Ahmad
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CAPITAL cities ,MOMENTS method (Statistics) ,BUSINESS enterprises ,CASH position of corporations ,CAPITAL investments - Abstract
Purpose: The current analysis aims to explore the role of cash holdings in the nexus of national governance and capital investment (CIN). Design/methodology/approach: To achieve this aim, the authors sample the nonfinancial enterprises from 5 Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS) economies and employ system generalized method of moments(GMM) models as an estimation technique. Findings: The empirical analysis infers that national governance has a positive relationship with CIN and a negative relationship with cash holdings. The cash holdings negatively determine CIN. However, the cash holdings show a positive relationship with CIN in the presence of the national governance index (NGI). Research limitations/implications: The important policy layout of the current analysis is that corporate managers should reduce cash holdings during better governance situations. Alternatively, corporate managers can disentangle the negative impact of bad country governance conditions on CIN by holding more cash. Originality/value: The study is innovative as it explores mediating impact of cash holdings in the NGI-CIN nexus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Waste management behaviour in the most populated capital city of the world.
- Author
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Chawla, Raunaq, Soreng, Eric, and Kumar, Avinash
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WASTE management ,SOLID waste management ,CAPITAL cities ,ENVIRONMENTAL management ,INTEGRATED waste management ,SOCIAL science research ,CONSUMER behavior - Abstract
This document is a list of references and further reading related to waste management behavior in India. It includes various studies and articles that explore topics such as the theory of planned behavior, value-belief-norm theory, and the factors influencing pro-environmental behavior. The references provide valuable insights into waste management practices and attitudes in India, with a focus on the capital city of Delhi. The articles discuss the challenges and potential solutions for sustainable waste management in India, as well as the role of values, beliefs, and norms in shaping individual behavior. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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49. Where Will Older Adults Reside: Understanding the Distribution of Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities in Australia.
- Author
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Shu, Bodi, Xia, Bo, E, Jiaxuan, and Wang, Xuechun
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OLDER people ,AUSTRALIANS ,CENSUS ,AGING ,ADULTS ,CAPITAL cities ,RETIREMENT communities - Abstract
Most older individuals prefer to age in place during their later years; however, achieving this aspiration presents significant challenges. Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities (NORCs) represent a potential option for promoting healthy aging, both from the perspective of meeting seniors' real needs and cost-effectiveness. This article aims to analyze the distribution of NORCs in Australia and compares census data from 2011 to 2021 to understand the overall distribution patterns and changes across the nation, by providing a localized analysis of the hotspot distribution of NORCs in eight Greater Capital Cities. The study employs methods of geovisualization, Global Moran's I, and Getis-Ord Gi* analysis to examine the spatial correlations and clustering effects of NORCs. The results indicate that NORCs are rapidly growing in Australia, with their distribution primarily influenced by sea change and urbanization. Understanding the trends in NORC distribution can assist the government in developing effective and localized policies and interventions to help older Australians to better age in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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50. Measurements of 131I activity in thyroid of workers at the place of radioiodine therapy in 38 hospitals in China.
- Author
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Li, Xiao-Liang, Zhang, Jian-Feng, Wang, Shuo, Liu, Jian-Xiang, Tuo, Fei, and Sun, Quan-Fu
- Subjects
RATINGS of hospitals ,PUBLIC hospitals ,CAPITAL cities ,EXPOSURE dose ,IODINE isotopes - Abstract
To investigate the levels of
131 I activity in thyroid of workers at the place of radioiodine therapy and their main influential factors in China, 341 workers at 38 hospitals performing radioiodine therapy procedure in five provinces were recruited to be measured in 2021. A hand-held gamma spectrometer with NaI(Tl) probe was plastered to the thyroids and thighs of the subjects during the measurement, and each measurement time was 120 s. The internal exposure dose was calculated, and the committed effective dose was estimated. In 86 (25.22%) of the 341 examined workers,131 I thyroid activity was above minimum detectable activity (MDA , 26.6 Bq). The maximum activity was 4.9 × 103 Bq. The detection results above MDA were at 22 (57.89%) different hospitals. The detectable rate for private hospitals (4.8%) was significantly lower than that for public hospitals (26.6%), P < 0.05. The detectable rate for hospitals in provincial capital cities (15.4%) was significantly lower than in nonprovincial capital cities (41.7%), P < 0.001. The detectable rate for hospitals engaged in131 I therapy for thyroid cancer (31.2%) was significantly higher than only for hyperthyroidism (10.3%), P < 0.001. A total of 32 subjects' committed effective dose might exceed 1 mSv. Results indicated the131 I activity in the thyroid of workers at the place of radioiodine varied considerably in China, and mainly related to ownership, location and therapy program of the hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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