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Resource utilization of spent refractory material (SRM) is beneficial for achieving environmental protection and resource recycling. We developed a modified agent for asphalt modification, incorporating "bayberry"-like hexamethyldisilazane and tannic acid for sutured modification of SRM(HMDS-TA-SRM). This includes the mechanism of low concentration (6.17 mg/L) occurring in process F-, and the mechanism of hydrophobicity and "bayberry"-like nano-rough surface acquisition is explained from multiple perspectives. The modifier also forms a dual protection layer with the asphalt, leveraging the surface-specific hydrophobic capillary structure, demonstrating excellent safety performance in neutral, acidic, alkaline, and high salt four simulated solutions for up to 1 year of soaking (the highest leaching rate being 0.486%). Through simulation experiments, it was found that the HMDS-TA-SRM modified asphalt maintains good barrier ability (180d leaching rate of 1.05%) and fatigue resistance even after 10 years. The material modification method is green and efficient, and the SRM-asphalt new system has feasibility and long-term safety. [Display omitted] • Explanation of the origin of nano-rough surfaces. • Explanation of fluorine ion solidification using the solubility product theory. • Adsorption mechanism of oily components on modifier's surface explored. • Exploration for enhancing long-term stability of SRM modified asphalt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]