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A pre-treatment process was evaluated in this work for wastewater from paper recycling using microwave technology followed by rapid precipitation of contaminants through centrifugation. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to analyze and optimize the turbidity values. Thirty experimental runs were utilized including microwave (MW) power, duration, centrifuge time, and centrifuge speed as input variables, generated by the Central Composite Full Design (CCFD) approach. The experimental turbidity ranged from 8.1 to 19.7 NTU, while predicted values ranged from 8.4 to 19.7 NTU by ANN. The ANN model showed a robust prediction performance with low mean squared error values during training and testing. Moreover, high R² values showed a remarkable agreement between the experimental observations and ANN predictions. The results obtained from the input values (A:150.00, B:60.00, C:15.00, D:30.00) of sample 2, which gave the lowest turbidity value, showed the most removal of pollution. The results obtained from the input values (A:250.00, B:60.00, C:7.00, D:20.00) of sample 30, which gave the highest turbidity value, showed the least removal of pollution. The results showed that increasing RPM and time of the centrifugation process significantly affected the removal of pollution in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pre-treatment process was evaluated in this work for wastewater from paper recycling using microwave technology followed by rapid precipitation of contaminants through centrifugation. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to analyze and optimize the turbidity values. Thirty experimental runs were utilized including microwave (MW) power, duration, centrifuge time, and centrifuge speed as input variables, generated by the Central Composite Full Design (CCFD) approach. The experimental turbidity ranged from 8.1 to 19.7 NTU, while predicted values ranged from 8.4 to 19.7 NTU by ANN. The ANN model showed a robust prediction performance with low mean squared error values during training and testing. Moreover, high R2 values showed a remarkable agreement between the experimental observations and ANN predictions. The results obtained from the input values (A:150.00, B:60.00, C:15.00, D:30.00) of sample 2, which gave the lowest turbidity value, showed the most removal of pollution. The results obtained from the input values (A:250.00, B:60.00, C:7.00, D:20.00) of sample 30, which gave the highest turbidity value, showed the least removal of pollution. The results showed that increasing RPM and time of the centrifugation process significantly affected the removal of pollution in wastewater.

Evaluating the long-term influence of academic papers in the early stage after publication is crucial for research management and decision-making. Although the total number of citations has been considered as a valid indicator to measure the academic influence of papers, there are still some bottleneck problems in predicting future citation counts. Firstly, it remains a challenging task to select the reasonable features due to the diversity of model features. Secondly, some prediction models are overly complex and their defects may cause prediction bias or even errors. Finally, the most important thing is that very few models possess long-term predictive ability. This paper proposes a prediction model that can provide an early evaluation of the long-term citations, or the long-term influence, of academic papers. The model uses features available immediately after publication or after a certain period of time. Taking academic papers in Information Science and Library Science as our experimental subject, we train the model using three machine learning algorithms and find that the artificial neural network performs satisfactorily. Our findings may offer guidance for research management and decision-making.

An instrument-free, user-friendly, and cost-effective PAD colorimetric sensor that can quantitative detection of H 2 O 2 has been realized by using bimetallic nickel–cobalt selenides as highly active peroxidase mimic and smartphone integrated with dark cavity as detector. Integrated with an ANN model and a self-compiled easy-to-use smartphone APP, the intelligent and on-site detection of H 2 O 2 was constructed, which exhibited an ultra-wide dynamic range. [Display omitted] • An effective paper-based colorimetric sensor was prepared based on nanozyme. • The optimized Ni 0.75 Co 0.25 Se exhibited excellent peoxidase-mimetic activities. • The on-site detection of H 2 O 2 was constructed by a self-compiled smartphone APP. • The machine learning-assisted sensor can detect H 2 O 2 over a wide dynamic range. Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) integrated with smartphones have shown great potential in various fields, but they also face challenges such as single signal reading, complex data processing and significant environmental impacting. In this study, a colorimetric PAD platform has been proposed using bimetallic nickel–cobalt selenides as highly active peroxidase mimic, smartphone with 3D-printing dark-cavity as a portable detector and an artificial neural network (ANN) model as multi-signal processing tool. Notably, the optimized nickel–cobalt selenides (Ni 0.75 Co 0.25 Se with Ni to Co ratio of 3/1) exhibit excellent peoxidase-mimetic activities and are capable of catalyzing the oxidation of four chromogenic reagents in the presence of H 2 O 2. Using a smartphone with image capture function as a friendly signal readout tool, the Ni 0.75 Co 0.25 Se based four channel colorimetric sensing paper is used for multi-signal quantitative analysis of H 2 O 2 by determining the Grey, red (R), green (G) and blue (B) channel values of the captured pictures. An intelligent on-site detection method for H 2 O 2 has been constructed by combining an ANN model and a self-programmed easy-to-use smartphone APP with a dynamic range of 5 μM to 2 M. Noteworthy, machine learning-assisted smartphone sensing devices based on nanozyme and 3D printing technology provide new insights and universal strategies for visual ultrasensitive detection in a variety of fields, including environments monitoring, biomedical diagnosis and safety screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow processes onboard ships are common in order to transport fluids like oil, gas, and water. These processes are controlled by PID controllers, acting on the regulation valves as actuators. In case of a malfunction or refitting, a PID controller needs to be re-adjusted for the optimal control of the process. To avoid experimenting on operational real systems, models are convenient alternatives. When real-time information is needed, digital twin (DT) concepts become highly valuable. The aim of this paper is to analyze and determine the optimal NARX model architecture in order to achieve a higher-accuracy model of a ship's flow process. An artificial neural network (ANN) was used to model the process in MATLAB. The experiments were performed using a multi-start approach to prevent overtraining. To prove the thesis, statistical analysis of the experimental results was performed. Models were evaluated for generalization using mean squared error (MSE), best fit, and goodness of fit (GoF) measures on two independent datasets. The results indicate the correlation between the number of input delays and the performance of the model. A permuted k-fold cross-validation analysis was used to determine the optimal number of voltage and flow delays, thus defining the number of model inputs. Permutations of training, test, and validation datasets were applied to examine bias due to the data arrangement during training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an indoor positioning strategy based on Visible Light Communication that relies on LED luminaires as transmitters, whose luminous flux is modulated at different frequencies, and a light sensor as a receiver. Then, a previously trained Artificial Neural Network (ANN) uses the illuminance signal gathered by the receiver as input to estimate the sensor's position. The main contribution of the technique is that the ANN is trained by using an illuminance estimator based on the lighting distribution of the luminaires, which is obtained through the IES file provided by the luminaire's manufacturer, without the need to collect data from the environment. In this work, the designed illuminance estimator is validated by comparing it to the well-known commercial software DIALux and Relux. The algorithm's setting and the performance evaluation of the ANN are explained. Then, the impact of the lighting uniformity and the environment's number of divisions on the accuracy of the results is analyzed. Error analyses are also made by adding uncertainty to the illuminance measurements obtained by the sensor. Finally, the work is compared to several papers in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an efficient optimization method for the stacking sequence of composite pressure vessels based on the joint application of finite element analysis (FEA), artificial neural network (ANN), and genetic algorithm (GA). The composite pressure vessel has many winding layers and varied angles, and the stacking sequence of the composite pressure vessel affects its performance. It is essential to carry out the optimal design of the stacking sequence. The experimental cost for optimal design of composite pressure vessels is high, and numerical simulation is time-consuming. ANN is used to predict the fiber direction stress of composite pressure vessels, which replaces FEA in the optimization process of GA effectively. In addition, the optimization efficiency of the optimization method proposed in this paper can be improved significantly when the neural network model is employed. The optimization results show that the peak stress in the fiber direction can be reduced by 37.3% with the design burst pressure. The burst pressure of the composite pressure vessel can be increased by 13.4% by optimizing the stacking sequence of composite pressure vessels while keeping the number of plies and the winding angle unchanged. The results imply that the work undertaken in this paper is of great significance for the improvement of the safety performance of composite pressure vessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early detection of pests in plants and crops is essential for the production of good quality food. Computer vision techniques can be applied for the early detection of pests and which can minimise the pesticides used on the plants. Among many pests, white flies, mites, aphids and thrips are the most hazardous pests that affect the leaves. This paper presents an automated approach for the detection of different types of pests from leaf images of plants. The images of the plant leaves were acquired using a digital camera. Image pre-processing techniques, such as noise removal, filtering and contrast enhancement, are used for improving the quality of the images. Then, the k-means clustering method and global thresholding were used for segmenting the pests from the infected leaves. Textural features are extracted from those segmented images by statistical feature extraction methods. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Binary Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers were used to classify the unaffected leaf images from the pest affected leaf images and a multi-SVM classifier was used to identify the different types of pests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces an adaptive hybrid approach to address the forward kinematics problem of a Hexa parallel robot (HPR), known for its challenge in obtaining a unique closed-form analytic solution. In the initial stage, we construct an artificial neural network (ANN) model to rapidly generate a preliminary result, effectively narrowing the search space. Subsequently, bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) is adapted to refine the result by focusing on exploration within the reduced search space. Adaptive functions adjust BFO parameters based on the error level in the preliminary result, enhancing algorithm performance. Software is developed to demonstrate the practical application of this method. Experimental results within the robot workspace indicate a significant reduction in calculation errors compared to using only the ANN model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews arrhythmia classification studies using electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Research on automatically diagnosing arrhythmia in daily life has been actively underway for early detection and treatment of heart disease. Development of automatic arrhythmia classification using ECG signal began based on handcrafted morphological feature extraction and machine learning-based classification methods. As deep neural networks (DNN) show excellent performance in the signal processing field, studies using various types of DNN are also being conducted in ECG classification. However, these DNN-based studies have extremely high computational complexity, making it challenging to perform real-time classification, and are unsuitable for low-power environments such as wearable devices due to high power consumption. Currently, research based on spiking neural network (SNN), which mimics the low-power operation of the human nervous system, is attracting attention as a method that can dramatically reduce complexity and power consumption. The classification accuracy of the SNN-based ECG classification studies is close to that of the DNN-based studies. When combined with neuromorphic hardware, it shows ultra-low-power performance, suggesting the possibility of use in lightweight devices. In this paper, the SNN-based ECG classification studies for low-power environments are mainly reviewed, and prior to this, conventional and DNN-based ECG classification studies are also reviewed. We hope that this review will be helpful to researchers and engineers interested in the field of ECG classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper explores the realm of fault detection in distributed motors through the vision of the Internet of electrical drives. This paper aims at employing artificial neural networks supported by the data collected by the Internet of distributed devices. Cross-verification of results offers reliable diagnosis of industrial motor faults. The proposed methodology involves the development of a cyber–physical system architecture and mathematical modeling framework for efficient fault detection. The mathematical model is designed to capture the intricate relationships within the cyber–physical system, incorporating the dynamic interactions between distributed motors and their edge controllers. Fast Fourier transform is employed for signal processing, enabling the extraction of meaningful frequency features that serve as indicators of potential faults. The artificial neural network based fault detection system is integrated with the solution, utilizing its ability to learn complex patterns and adapt to varying motor conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed framework and model is demonstrated through experimental results. The experimental setup involves diverse fault scenarios, and the system's performance is evaluated in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and false positive rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating photovoltaic systems (PV) into the grid has garnered significant attention due to increasing interest in renewable energy sources. Maximizing the PV systems output power is crucial for improving energy efficiency and reducing operating costs. This paper presents a comparative analysis of two different techniques of maximum power point tracking (MPPT): perturb and observe (P&O) and artificial neural network (ANN) MPPT, focusing on their application in grid-connected PV systems. The paper evaluates their performance under various operating conditions, including changes in irradiance and temperature, that are discussed in three cases. The comparative analysis includes metrics such as voltage regulation and power loss. MATLAB Simulink is utilized to implement P&O and ANN MPPT methods, which include a PV cell connected to an MPPT-controlled boost converter. The simulation demonstrates the power loss of the PV model as well as the voltage regulation in the three cases for the two methods. The results obtained in simulation and implementations show that the ANN method outperforms the P&O in the three cases discussed in terms of power loss, voltage regulation, and efficiency. The results also show that the change in output power from PV is noticeable when compared to changes in radiation, while the change is slight when temperatures change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, model updating for tall tower structures is discussed, a novel model variable index is proposed, and a selection method of model variables to be updated that can consider the high sensitivity of the displacement residuals and the small influence of the measurement errors is presented based on an artificial neural network (ANN). When the multi-layer perceptron architecture of the ANN obtains the optimal number of hidden layer neurons and the number of iterations, it is verified that the position and degree of the structural model defects can be detected by updating the selected model variables. Additionally, situations in which there is a large order-of-magnitude difference between the model variables are also discussed. It is found that in the proposed model variable index, the displacement residuals are more important than the measurement errors; however, as the measurement errors increase, they become more important in the model variable index. Furthermore, when the large-scale structure is damaged, the dynamic model can be transformed into an equivalent static model. Based on these results and findings, the proposed approach is expected to be used for design and analysis purposes, including structural health monitoring, safety assessment, damage identification, and structural reinforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting instruments in a music signal is often used in database indexing, song annotation, and creating applications for musicians and music producers. Therefore, effective methods that automatically solve this issue need to be created. In this paper, the mentioned task is solved using mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and various architectures of artificial neural networks. The authors' contribution to the development of automatic instrument detection covers the methods used, particularly the neural network architectures and the voting committees created. All these methods were evaluated, and the results are presented and discussed in the paper. The proposed automatic instrument detection methods show that the best classification quality was obtained for an extensive model, which is the so-called committee of voting classifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]