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ObjectiveTo provide scientific support for the compilation of high-quality anti-nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) medical textbooks in China by retrieving books in the field of biological weapons defense in China, summarizing the publication time and distribution of publishing institutions, and categorizing content and key points of related books.MethodsRelevant subject terms in the field of biological weapons defense were searched through the official website of China National Digital Library and other websites, up until December 31, 2023, and were limited to books. Topic analysis was conducted on the introductions and contents of the books using the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model. The number of topics was determined based on perplexity, and topics were identified according to the intertopic distance map, followed by a qualitative description of the core content of each topic.ResultsA total of 104 books were included in this study, among which four were identified as higher educational textbooks. The volume of publications increased during the periods 2002‒2004 and 2020‒2023. Research institutions accounted for the highest percentage of publishers (37.78%), and 56.67% of the publishers were military institutions. The study identified six topics: "distribution, defense, and response to biological weapons", "category, diagnosis, and treatment of biological warfare agents", "response to biological public health emergencies", "status of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons internationally", "biosafety risk management and prevention and control", and "technologies and equipment related to biological hazard identification".ConclusionThere are few books in the field of biological weapons defense in China and the content is relatively outdated. In the future, the preparation of teaching materials should be aimed at practical emergency handling techniques for biological weapons, enhance the emphasis on biological weapons detection and biological warfare early warning, improve the fundamental theories at different training levels, and timely update the current research status in the field.

Objective Method Results Conclusion To investigate the correlation between lipid levels during gestation and the incidence rate of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and macrosomia.Clinical records of 607 pregnant women with GDM (GDM group) who delivered in the Obstetrics Department of Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from May to December 2018 and of 833 women with uncomplicated pregnancies (control group) were retrospectively analyzed. After delivery, the entire cohort was further grouped based on the weight of the neonates: women who delivered newborns with body mass <4 kg comprised the normal group (n = 1367), and pregnancies that resulted in delivery of neonates with body mass >4 kg were classified as the macrosomia group (n = 73). Fasting serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and TG/HDL‐C ratio were compared between the groups at the early (10–12 weeks), middle (24–28 weeks), and late (28 weeks‐delivery) stages of pregnancy, and the correlation between the lipid indices and the rates of GDM and macrosomia were analyzed.There was a gradual increase in TC, TG, LDL‐C, and TG/HDL‐C levels with increasing gestational weeks in pregnant women. TG and TG/HDL‐C levels were markedly higher, while HDL‐C was lower in women with GDM compared with women of the same gestational age with uncomplicated pregnancies (p < 0.05).Lipid metabolism disorders exist in pregnant women with GDM at different gestational stages and are closely related to the higher incidence of macrosomia. TG, TG/HDL‐C, and HDL‐C in early and late pregnancy are independent risk factors for macrosomia in all trimesters, and TG/HDL‐C ratio at different gestational stages has a good predictive value for macrosomia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe burns are one of the most devastating injuries, in which sustained inflammation and ischemia often delay the healing process. Pro-angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been widely studied for promoting wound healing. However, the short half-life and instability of VEGF limit its clinical applications. In this study, we develop a photo-crosslinked hydrogel wound dressing from methacrylate hyaluronic acid (MeHA) bonded with a pro-angiogenic prominin-1-binding peptide (PR1P). The materials were extruded in wound bed and in situ formed a wound dressing via exposure to short-time ultraviolet radiation. The study shows that the PR1P-bonded hydrogel significantly improves VEGF recruitment, tubular formation, and cell migration in vitro. Swelling, Scanning Electron Microscope, and mechanical tests indicate the peptide does not affect the overall mechanical and physical properties of the hydrogels. For in vivo studies, the PR1P-bonded hydrogel dressing enhances neovascularization and accelerates wound closure in both deep second-degree burn and full-thickness excisional wound models. The Western blot assay shows such benefits can be related to the activation of the VEGF–Akt signaling pathway. These results suggest this photo-crosslinked hydrogel dressing efficiently promotes VEGF recruitment and angiogenesis in skin regeneration, indicating its potential for clinical applications in wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to utilize the deep learning method of VB-Net to locate and segment the trigeminal nerve, and employ radiomics methods to distinguish between CTN patients and healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 165 CTN patients and 175 healthy controls, matched for gender and age, were recruited. All subjects underwent magnetic resonance scans. VB-Net was used to locate and segment the bilateral trigeminal nerve of all subjects, followed by the application of radiomics methods for feature extraction, dimensionality reduction, feature selection, model construction, and model evaluation. Results: On the test set for trigeminal nerve segmentation, our segmentation parameters are as follows: the mean Dice Similarity Coefficient (mDCS) is 0.74, the Average Symmetric Surface Distance (ASSD) is 0.64 mm, and the Hausdorff Distance (HD) is 3.34 mm, which are within the acceptable range. Analysis of CTN patients and healthy controls identified 12 features with larger weights, and there was a statistically significant difference in Rad_score between the two groups (p < 0.05). The Area Under the Curve (AUC) values for the three models (Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, Gaussian Process, and Random Forest) are 0.90, 0.87, and 0.86, respectively. After testing with DeLong and McNemar methods, these three models all exhibit good performance in distinguishing CTN from normal individuals. Conclusions: Radiomics can aid in the clinical diagnosis of CTN, and it is a more objective approach. It serves as a reliable neurobiological indicator for the clinical diagnosis of CTN and the assessment of changes in the trigeminal nerve in patients with CTN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the urban water supply system, a significant proportion of energy consumption is attributed to the water supply pumping station (WSPS). The conventional manual scheduling method employed by water supply enterprises imposes a considerable economic burden. In this paper, we intend to minimize the energy cost of WSPS by dynamically adjusting the combination of pumps and their operational states while considering the pressure difference of the main pipe and switching times of pump group. Achieving this goal is challenging due to the lack of accurate mechanistic models of pumps, uncertainty in environmental parameters, and temporal coupling constraints in the database. Consequently, a WSPS pump scheduling algorithm based on physics‐informed long short‐term memory (PI‐LSTM) surrogate model and multiagent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG) is proposed. The proposed algorithm operates without prior knowledge of an accurate mechanistic model of the pump units. Combining data‐driven with the physical laws of fluid mechanics improves the prediction accuracy of the model compared to traditional data‐based deep learning models, especially when the amount of data is small. Simulation results based on real‐world trajectories show that the proposed algorithm can reduce energy consumption by 13.38% compared with the original scheduling scheme. This study highlights the potential of integrating physics‐informed deep learning and reinforcement learning to optimize energy consumption in urban water supply systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries are considered as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage devices with high energy density and enhanced safety. Great efforts have been made to design solid‐state electrolytes with enhanced ionic conductivity and to protect the electrochemical interface of the lithium anode. However, the obstruction of ionic‐electronic transport within the cathode remains as another key challenge that needs to be addressed for the practical application of solid‐state batteries. Here, we prepared organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (OMIECs) by in‐situ co‐polymerization of three organic monomers (boron‐type crosslinker, ionic liquid, and sulfolene) in the network of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4‐styrenesulfonate). The as‐prepared OMIECs show an electronic conductivity up to 33.6 S cm−1 and ionic conductivity of 1.7×10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C, and also binder functionality, providing a combined path for Li+/e− transport in cathodes and maintaining mechanical/(electro−)chemical stability. As a result, solid‐state cathodes composed of 90.0 wt % active materials and only 10.0 wt % OMIECs display exceptional electrochemical characteristics at 30 °C, including high C‐rate capabilities and prolonged cycle life. This novel design of all‐in‐one OMIECs for carbon‐free cathodes demonstrates a promising strategy for developing multifunctional additives for high‐performance solid‐state batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panicle-type structure is an important factor affecting rice yield, and an excellent panicle type has become a key indicator in rice breeding. In this study, the indica rice variety R766, which has an open panicle type, was obtained through natural mutation and hybrid selection. Through analyzing differences in panicle structure, panicle yield, and chemical composition between open panicle rice R766 and conventional panicle rice R2928, we found that the angles of the middle and lower branches in R766 were 186.99% and 135.93% greater than those in R2928, respectively. By comparing the grain-filling characteristics of different panicle positions in the two rice varieties, we found that the grain filling at the middle and lower panicle positions of R2928 was significantly lower, accompanied by an increase in the percentage of empty spikelets. However, in R766, the grain-filling rates in the middle and lower panicle positions were consistent with those in the upper panicle position, with significantly higher rates of grain filling and grain plumpness in the middle and lower panicle positions than in R2928. The empty grain rate at the lower panicle position of R766 was 15.25% lower than that of R2928, and the grain filling was 24.75% higher than that of R2928. Additionally, the variation in the 1000-grain weight of grains at different panicle positions in R766 was relatively small, with decreases of 1.55% and 0.38% in the middle and lower panicle positions, respectively, compared with the upper position, whereas R2928 showed decreases of 5.99% and 7.12% in the 1000-grain weight of grains at the middle and lower panicle positions, respectively, compared with the upper position. The cellulose content in the stems of R766 was 7.51% higher than that of R2928, with no significant difference in the cellulose content in the panicle axis and primary branches compared to R2928. The lignin content of the panicle axis in R766 was 8.03% higher than that in R2928, whereas there was no significant difference between the lignin content of the stems and primary branches. This preliminary study revealed the open panicle characteristics of R766 and the reasons for its high basal grain setting rate. This study provides a reference for promoting this open panicle-type indica rice variety to improve yield and disease resistance in environments with high humidity and low sunlight levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The environment in which rice is stored has a big influence on rice quality. Four rice cultivars with various amylose content types were kept at low temperatures (LT, 4 °C) and room temperature (RT, 20 °C) in this study: NAC: (Low‐amylose content <2%), LAC: (low‐amylose content, about 10%), MAC: (medium‐amylose content, about 17%) and HAC: (high‐amylose content, about 25%). After storage at two temperatures and comparison to the harvest year, the amylose content of 4 types increased, and the change range of the HAC was the lowest. The gel consistency held at LT was higher than that at RT. Under LT storage, the breakdown values of MAC and HAC greatly increased (0.47%–0.65%), but NAC significantly reduced. The enthalpy of gelatinisation (▵Hg) drastically reduced (7.81%–49.10%) from the harvest year. Regeneration enthalpy increased at the grain after being sealed for a year at LT (except HAC) and reduced noticeably at RT. With the exception of ▵Hg and pasting temperature, the DSC profiles had a positive correlation with gel consistency. HPV, CPV and SBV showed a positive correlation with amylose content. As a result, the ideal storage temperature should be chosen based on the amylose type and use of the rice during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 huff-n-puff is an important method for the development of shale oil reservoirs. In this study, HPMI and NMR technology was used to characterize the pore distribution of the cores. The CO2 huff-n-puff experiment experiments were conducted to study the effects of injection pressure, soaking time, and heterogeneity on the CO2 huff-n-puff. The results showed that the Jimsar core pores are predominantly nanopores. Mesopores with a pore radius between 2 nm and 50 nm accounted for more than 70%. CO2 huff-n-puff has been shown to effectively enhance shale oil recovery. When the injection pressure was greater than the miscible pressure, higher injection pressures were able to improve the recovery of macropores, particularly in cores with higher permeability. Appropriately extending the soaking time enhanced the diffusion of CO2 in the mesopores, and the recovery increased to above 10%. Determining the optimal soaking time is crucial to achieve maximum CO2 huff-n-puff recovery. Artificial fractures can enhance the recovery of mesopores around them, resulting in core recovery of up to 60%. However, artificial fractures exacerbate reservoir heterogeneity and reduce the CO2 huff-n-puff recovery of matrix. Increasing the cycles of CO2 huff-n-puff can effectively reduce the impact of heterogeneity on the recovery of matrix. In conclusion, expanding the area of the fracturing transformation zone and selecting the appropriate injection pressure and soaking time for the multiple cycles of CO2 huff-n-puff can effectively improve the recovery of shale oil reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfide is a toxic and hazardous substance in the agricultural environment, which can cause damage to humans and livestock when exposed to large amounts of air. In this study, we performed one-factor optimization of the culture conditions and culture fractions of the Cellulosimicrobium sp. strain L1 and combined it with a biological trickling filter cell for the degradation of hydrogen sulfide for 24 consecutive days. The degradation effect of strain L1 and the biological trickling filter (BTF) on hydrogen sulfide was investigated, and the changes in intermediate products in the degradation process were briefly analyzed. The results showed that strain L1 had the highest conversion efficiency when incubated with 3 g/L sucrose as the carbon source and 1 g/L NH4Cl as the nitrogen source at a temperature of 35 °C, an initial pH of 5, and a NaCl concentration of 1%. The concentration of thiosulfate increased and then decreased during the degradation process, and the concentration of sulfate increased continuously. When strain L1 was applied to the biological trickling filter, it could degrade 359.53 mg/m3 of H2S. This study provides a deeper understanding of sulfide degradation in biological trickling filters and helps promote the development of desulfurization technology and the treatment of malodorous gasses produced by the accumulation of large quantities of livestock manure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Somatic mutations related to clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) are risk factors for stroke. The impact of DNMT3A, the most mutated gene in CHIP, on clinical functional outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains unclear. In a well‐characterized cohort of 8524 ischemic stroke patients, we demonstrated that DNMT3A‐driven CHIP was significantly associated with neurological disability in these patients. With a stroke mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), we demonstrated that DNMT3A protein levels in the brain penumbra increased. The DNMT3A inhibitor RG108 administration amplified neutrophil proliferation in the blood, promoted neutrophil infiltration into the brain penumbra, and exaggerated proinflammatory activation in tMCAO male mice. DNMT3A inhibition also significantly increased infarct volume and worsened neurobehavioral function in tMCAO male mice. In conclusion, DNMT3A somatic mutations are associated with worsened neurological disability in some patients with AIS, potentially through increased neutrophil proliferation and infiltration in the ischemic brain region. These findings suggest a possible mechanism for proinflammatory activation and tissue damage in the affected brain tissue, highlighting the need for further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most older individuals prefer to age in place during their later years; however, achieving this aspiration presents significant challenges. Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities (NORCs) represent a potential option for promoting healthy aging, both from the perspective of meeting seniors' real needs and cost-effectiveness. This article aims to analyze the distribution of NORCs in Australia and compares census data from 2011 to 2021 to understand the overall distribution patterns and changes across the nation, by providing a localized analysis of the hotspot distribution of NORCs in eight Greater Capital Cities. The study employs methods of geovisualization, Global Moran's I, and Getis-Ord Gi* analysis to examine the spatial correlations and clustering effects of NORCs. The results indicate that NORCs are rapidly growing in Australia, with their distribution primarily influenced by sea change and urbanization. Understanding the trends in NORC distribution can assist the government in developing effective and localized policies and interventions to help older Australians to better age in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chicken egg white (EW) proteins possess various useful techno-functionalities, including foaming, gelling or coagulating, and emulsifying. The gelling property is one of the most important functionalities of EW proteins, affecting their versatile applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, it is challenging to develop high-quality gelled foods and innovative nutraceutical supplements using native EW and its proteins. This review describes the gelling properties of EW proteins. It discusses the development and action mechanism of the physical, chemical, and biological methods and exogenous substances used in the modification of EW gels. Two main applications of EW gels, i.e., gelling agents in foods and gel-type carriers for nutraceutical delivery, are systematically summarized and discussed. In addition, the research and technological gaps between modified EW gels and their applications are highlighted. By reviewing the new modification strategies and application trends of EW gels, this paper provides insights into the development of EW gel-derived products with new and functional features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an essential role in suppressing the antitumor activity of T lymphocytes in solid tumors, thus representing an attractive therapeutic target to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, the differences in protein expression between MDSCs and their physiological counterparts, particularly polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), remain inadequately characterized, making the specific identification and targeting of MDSCs difficult. PMNs and PMN-MDSCs share markers such as CD11b+CD14−CD15+/CD66b+, and some MDSC-enriched markers are emerging, such as LOX-1 and CD84. More proteomics studies are needed to identify the signature and markers for MDSCs. Recently, we reported the induced differentiation of isogenic PMNs or MDSCs (referred to as iPMNs and iMDSCs, respectively) from the human promyelocytic cell line HL60. Here, we profiled the global proteomics and membrane proteomics of these cells with quantitative mass spectrometry, which identified a 41-protein signature ("cluster 6") that was upregulated in iMDSCs compared with HL60 and iPMN. We further integrated our cell line-based proteomics data with a published proteomics dataset of normal human primary monocytes and monocyte-derived MDSCs induced by cancer-associated fibroblasts. The analysis identified a 38-protein signature that exhibits an upregulated expression pattern in MDSCs compared with normal monocytes or PMNs. These signatures may provide a hypothesis-generating platform to identify protein biomarkers that phenotypically distinguish MDSCs from their healthy counterparts, as well as potential therapeutic targets that impair MDSCs without harming normal myeloid cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective therapeutic approaches against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which is a prevalent malignant tumor, are currently lacking. Although immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for treating HNSCC, its efficacy is severely limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Self-delivery nanoparticles, comprising Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and photosensitizers, were successfully developed to address this challenge in combinatorial immunotherapy for HNSCC treatment. After intravenous administration, these nanoparticles efficiently accumulated in tumors, enhancing the bioavailability of the agonist and triggering the TLR signaling pathway to remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Simultaneously, the photosensitizers induced immunogenic cell death and activated the stimulator of the interferon gene (STING) pathway in tumor cells via photodynamic therapy. The development of tumors was significantly inhibited by enhancing the antitumor immunity induced by the nanoparticles. This study provided a new paradigm for HNSCC immunotherapy, involving the synergistic regulation of the immune microenvironment with photodynamic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Palace Museum, well known as the Forbidden City, is one of the most splendid and valuable cultural treasures of China and a World Cultural Heritage. During the past 10 years many improvements and changes have been made in the Palace Museum, however, it is more important to know whether and to which extent visitors are satisfied with their experience. Although prior research has discussed the strategic management of the curator, little is done to combine tourists' perception with the curator's performance. To address this issue, a mixed method is applied to compare the planned action from the leader's perspective and the online review from tourists' comments, by analyzing the operation of Shan from 2012 to 2019 and online reviews of tourists from three major Chinese tourism websites. This research is innovative insofar as it provides a new theoretic framework to evaluate the curator's performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interlocal collaboration for service delivery (ICSD) for migrant workers has grown rapidly in the postpandemic era. Nevertheless, limited research has investigated the mechanisms through which localities interact with one another in the implementation process. This study explores under what conditions a city collaborates more with one city than another in ICSD for migrant workers in Guangdong Province, China. Our results show that geographical proximity, workforce similarity, and administrative status asymmetry are positively related to partner selection. City mayors' personal connections are associated with a higher collaboration degree. However, problem severity has negative impacts on both partner selection and collaboration degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Periodontitis is an immuno‐inflammatory disease caused by dental plaque biofilms and inflammations. The regeneration of bone tissue in inflammatory environment is of great significance for the treatment of periodontal disease, but the specific molecular mechanism of bone formation in periodontitis still needs further exploration. The objective of this study was to identify key osteogenesis‐related genes (ORGs) in periodontitis. Methods: We used two datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to find differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs, further performed Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Then we predicted the downstream genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) by the TargetScan database and established a miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network. Finally, the osteogenic mechanism of periodontitis was explored through quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) by inducing inflammatory environment and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Results: Through differential expression analysis and prediction of downstream target genes of DEMs, we created a miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network consisting of 29 DEMs and 11 differentially expressed osteogenesis‐related genes (DEORGs). In addition, the qRT‐PCR results demonstrated that BTBD3, PLAT, AKAP12, SGK1, and GLCE expression levels were significantly upregulated, while those of TIMP3, ZCCHC14, LIN7A, DNAH6, NNT, and ITGA6 were downregulated under the dual effects of inflammatory stimulation and osteogenic induction. Conclusion: DEORGs might be important factors in the osteogenic phase of periodontitis, and the miRNA‐mRNA network may shed light on the clarification of the role and mechanism of osteogenesis in periodontitis and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop and validate nomogram models utilizing clinical and thoracic aorta imaging factors to assess the risk of hypertension for lung cancer screening cohorts. We included 804 patients and collected baseline clinical data, biochemical indicators, coexisting conditions, and thoracic aorta factors. Patients were randomly divided into a training set (70%) and a validation set (30%). In the training set, variance, t-test/Mann–Whitney U-test and standard least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to select thoracic aorta imaging features for constructing the AIScore. Multivariate logistic backward stepwise regression was utilized to analyze the influencing factors of hypertension. Five prediction models (named AIMeasure model, BasicClinical model, TotalClinical model, AIBasicClinical model, AITotalClinical model) were constructed for practical clinical use, tailored to different data scenarios. Additionally, the performance of the models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves and decision curve analyses (DCA). The areas under the ROC curve for the five models were 0.73, 0.77, 0.83, 0.78, 0.84 in the training set, and 0.77, 0.78, 0.81, 0.78, 0.82 in the validation set, respectively. Furthermore, the calibration curves and DCAs of both sets performed well on accuracy and clinical practicality. The nomogram models for hypertension risk prediction demonstrate good predictive capability and clinical utility. These models can serve as effective tools for assessing hypertension risk, enabling timely non-pharmacological interventions to preempt or delay the future onset of hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New and efficient sensors of nerve agents are urgently demanded to prevent them from causing mass casualties in war or terrorist attacks. So, in this work, a novel hierarchical nanoheterostructure was synthesized via the direct growth of α-Fe2O3 nanorods onto multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) backbones. Then, the composites were functionalized with hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and successfully applied to detect dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP)-sarin simulant gas. The observations show that the HFIP-α-Fe2O3@MWCNT hybrids exhibit outstanding DMMP-sensing performance, including low operating temperature (220 °C), high response (6.0 to 0.1 ppm DMMP), short response/recovery time (8.7 s/11.9 s), as well as low detection limit (63.92 ppb). The analysis of the sensing mechanism demonstrates that the perfect sensing performance is mainly due to the synergistic effect of the chemical interaction of DMMP with the heterostructure and the physical adsorption of DMMP by hydrogen bonds with HFIP that are grafted on the α-Fe2O3@MWCNTs composite. The huge specific surface area of HFIP-α-Fe2O3@MWCNTs composite is also one of the reasons for this enhanced performance. This work not only offers a promising and effective method for synthesizing sensitive materials for high-performance gas sensors but also provides insight into the sensing mechanism of DMMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the domains of biomedical applications, wearable devices, and soft robotics, recent advancements have underscored the potential of soft, stretchable, and biocompatible devices. The design of optical soft devices has emerged as an ideal candidate for many applications owing to their high flexibility and immunity to electromagnetic interference. In this review, recent advances in soft optical waveguides, including advanced material selection, fabrication strategies, and characterization, are discussed. Herein, a comprehensive summary of the soft‐waveguide sensing strategies and actuation approaches are provided. Furthermore, the extensive applications of soft optical waveguides in the fields of biomedicine, wearable devices, and soft robotics are explored. Lastly, the challenges and opportunities for the future of soft optical waveguides, including multimodal sensing, algorithm optimization, and manufacturing scalability, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The productivity of a specific research field hinges on the periodic examination of both the knowledge produced and the knowledge production activities. By harnessing the strength of traditional bibliometric analyses and a variety of Natural language processing (NLP) techniques, this study portrayed a holistic landscape of higher education internationalisation (HEI) research that incorporated time and region through a spatial lens. The findings reveal the field's evolution into establishment, significant regional variations in research focus, and the expansion of networks for disseminating knowledge. These factors collectively contribute to a diverse ‘lived’ space of HEI research. However, the dominance of Western-centric key concepts, theories, and discourses highlights a homogenous ‘conceived’ space, pointing to an underlying tension between these spaces. Despite these challenges, opportunities for breakthroughs exist. Additionally, the study underscores the immense potential of NLP techniques in facilitating the exploration of how research fields evolve, further enriching our understanding of HEI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Nitrogen is a key factor affecting the quality of rice. Studying the impact of nitrogen fertilizer on the taste, physicochemical properties, and starch structure of Indica rice with different amylose contents is of great significance for scientifically fertilizing and cultivating high‐quality rice varieties for consumption.The results indicate that increasing nitrogen fertilizer application reduces the amylose content and increases the protein content, resulting in a decrease in taste quality. Simultaneously, it reduces the intergranular porosity of starch particles, improving the appearance and milling quality of rice. Compared to the N1 treatment (nitrogen fertilizer application rate of 90 kg ha−1), the taste of low‐amylose rice (Yixiangyou 2115) and high‐amylose rice (Byou 268) decreased by 14.24% and 19.79%, respectively, under N4 treatment (nitrogen fertilizer application rate of 270 kg ha−1). The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on low‐amylose rice is mainly reflected in increased rice hardness, enthalpy value, and setback viscosity, resulting in a decline in taste. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on high‐amylose rice is mainly reflected in a decrease in peak viscosity, an increase in gelatinization temperature, and crystallinity under high nitrogen levels.Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application can improve the appearance and milling quality of rice, but it also leads to an increase in protein content, hardness, gelatinization enthalpy, decrease in breakdown value, and a decline in palatability. In practical production, different production measures should be taken according to different production goals. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]