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The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is developing an establishment-based risk assessment model to categorize rendering plants that produce livestock feed ingredients (ERA-Renderer model) according to animal and human health risks (i.e., feed safety risks) and help in determining the allocation of inspection resources based on risk. The aim of the present study was to identify and select feed-safety-related factors and assessment criteria for inclusion in the ERA-Renderer model. First, a literature review was performed to identify evidence-based factors that impact the feed safety risk of livestock feed during its rendering processes. Secondly, a refinement process was applied to retain only those that met the inclusion conditions, such as data availability, lack of ambiguity, and measurability. Finally, an expert panel helped in selecting factors and assessment criteria based on their knowledge and experience in the rendering industry. A final list of 32 factors was developed, of which 4 pertained to the inherent risk of a rendering plant, 8 were related to risk mitigation strategies, and 20 referred to the regulatory compliance of a rendering plant. A total of 179 criteria were defined to assess factors based on practices in the Canadian rendering industry. The results of this study will be used in the next step of the model development to estimate the relative risks of the assessment criteria considering their impact on feed safety. Once implemented, the CFIA’s ERA-Renderer model will provide an evidence-based, standardized, and transparent approach to help manage the feed safety risks in Canada’s rendering sector.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a body composition assessing technique for estimating body components; fat, and muscle mass, and body water (BW) by measuring the electrical resistance in ohm (Ω) of those components with response to the flow of a small electrical current through the body. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to investigate the relationships between segmental body composition, obesity and body mass index (BMI). The analysis in this study involved the use of InBody 370S equipment to conduct the body composition study of 48 adult participants (30 females and 18 males) at the Applied Science Private University (ASU) School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, between October, 2019 and January, 2020, Jordan. Anthropometric parameters such as weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip (W/H) ratio for each individual were measured. The values indicated that BMI of 26.5 for males and 25.42 for females and body composition such as body fat mass (BFM), protein, and visceral fat level (VFL) of females of BMI > 30 was 39.82 compared to 32.60 for males of the same category. The VFL for female individuals was higher than males (13.0 and 17.5) of the same BMI category. The results of BIA analysis, lean body mass, and body muscle mass were found to be significantly (p <0.05 ) correlated in obese adult females but not in obese males, where the body fat mass (BFM) of females with BMI > 30 was 39.82±4.35 compared to 32.6±3.67 for males of the same group. Additionally, the BFM (−3.86**), segmental muscle mass (SMM) was 0.784**, and total body water (TBW) of −0.658** were all indirectly correlated at (p <0.01) with the BIA impedance evaluated as Z(Ω) at 250 kHz. However, the lean mass of the left arm ( −0.662**) and left leg muscle (− 0.514**) were found to be significantly correlated (p < 0.01) and lower in identified obese females compared to non-obese individuals. The findings demonstrate the strong correlation between lean and fat segmental analysis values, and the level of obesity and segmental analysis for male and female individuals can be taken into consideration in obesity and disease prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In 2019, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency started the development of a risk assessment model for regulated inedible rendering plants in Canada that manufacture ingredients for use in livestock feed. The model is designed to assess the level of risk of each rendering plant to the health of livestock consuming the products used as feed as well as the health of humans eating food products derived from these animals. The output of the model will inform the risk-based allocation of the agency's inspection resources. The aim of the present study was to identify and select factors associated with rendering plant activities to be included in the risk assessment model based on the scientific literature and expert advice. A final list of 32 factors assessed by 179 evaluation criteria according to rendering practices was selected for inclusion in the model and will be used for the next development step, which will estimate the relative contribution of each criterion to the overall risk of a rendering plant. Once completed, this model will provide a systematic and evidence-based approach to help manage the animal and human health risks in the rendering sector. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is developing an establishment-based risk assessment model to categorize rendering plants that produce livestock feed ingredients (ERA-Renderer model) according to animal and human health risks (i.e., feed safety risks) and help in determining the allocation of inspection resources based on risk. The aim of the present study was to identify and select feed-safety-related factors and assessment criteria for inclusion in the ERA-Renderer model. First, a literature review was performed to identify evidence-based factors that impact the feed safety risk of livestock feed during its rendering processes. Secondly, a refinement process was applied to retain only those that met the inclusion conditions, such as data availability, lack of ambiguity, and measurability. Finally, an expert panel helped in selecting factors and assessment criteria based on their knowledge and experience in the rendering industry. A final list of 32 factors was developed, of which 4 pertained to the inherent risk of a rendering plant, 8 were related to risk mitigation strategies, and 20 referred to the regulatory compliance of a rendering plant. A total of 179 criteria were defined to assess factors based on practices in the Canadian rendering industry. The results of this study will be used in the next step of the model development to estimate the relative risks of the assessment criteria considering their impact on feed safety. Once implemented, the CFIA's ERA-Renderer model will provide an evidence-based, standardized, and transparent approach to help manage the feed safety risks in Canada's rendering sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a body composition assessing technique for estimating body components; fat, and muscle mass, and body water (BW) by measuring the electrical resistance in ohm ([OMEGA]) of those components with response to the flow of a small electrical current through the body. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to investigate the relationships between segmental body composition, obesity and body mass index (BMI). The analysis in this study involved the use of InBody 370S equipment to conduct the body composition study of 48 adult participants (30 females and 18 males) at the Applied Science Private University (ASU) School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, between October, 2019 and January, 2020, Jordan. Anthropometric parameters such as weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip (W/H) ratio for each individual were measured. The values indicated that BMI of 26.5 for males and 25.42 for females and body composition such as body fat mass (BFM), protein, and visceral fat level (VFL) of females of BMI > 30 was 39.82 compared to 32.60 for males of the same category. The VFL for female individuals was higher than males (13.0 and 17.5) of the same BMI category. The results of BIA analysis, lean body mass, and body muscle mass were found to be significantly (p 30 was 39.82[+ or -]4.35 compared to 32.6[+ or -]3.67 for males of the same group. Additionally, the BFM (-3.86**), segmental muscle mass (SMM) was 0.784**, and total body water (TBW) of -0.658** were all indirectly correlated at (p Key words: BIA, obesity, segmental analysis, body composition, BMI, WHR, VFL, INTRODUCTION The use of body composition in assessing the nutritional status is largely recognized as an important tool in assessing changes in obesity occurrence among adults and children [1]. The [...]