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Four new species, Xynobius azonius sp. nov., X. brevifemora sp. nov., X. duoferus sp. nov., and X. stipitoides sp. nov., are described and illustrated, and one species X. geniculatus (Thomson, 1895) is newly reported from South Korea. Xynobius geniculatus (Thomson, 1895) is redescribed and illustrated, and a new combination, Xynobius (Stigmatopoea) cubitalis (Fischer, 1959), comb. nov. is suggested. An identification key to the Xynobius species known from South Korea is provided.

Manganese (Mn) pollution poses a serious threat to the health of animals, plants, and humans. The microbial-mediated Mn(II) removal method has received widespread attention because of its rapid growth, high efficiency, and economy. Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria can oxidize toxic soluble Mn(II) into non-toxic Mn(III/IV) oxides, which can further participate in the transformation of other heavy metals and organic pollutants, playing a crucial role in environmental remediation. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research papers on bacterial Mn(II) oxidation using CiteSpace, and to explore the research hotspots and developmental trends within this field between 2008 and 2023. A series of visualized knowledge map analyses were conducted with 469 screened SCI research papers regarding annual publication quantity, author groups and their countries and regions, journal categories, publishing institutions, and keywords. China, the USA, and Japan published the most significant number of research papers on the research of bacterial Mn(II) oxidation. Research hotspots of bacterial Mn(II) oxidation mainly focused on the species and distributions of Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria, the influencing factors of Mn(II) oxidation, the mechanisms of Mn(II) oxidation, and their applications in environment. This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive visualized knowledge map to quickly understand the current advancements, research hotspots, and academic frontiers in bacterial Mn(II) oxidation.

The population of Caragana tibetica, situated on the edge of the typical grassland-to-desert transition in the Mu Us Sandy Land, plays a vital ecological role in maintaining stability within the regional fragile ecosystem. Despite the consistent growth of C. tibetica following animal grazing, the biological mechanisms underlying its compensatory growth in response to livestock consumption remain unclear. Analyzing 48 metabolomic profiles from C. tibetica, our study reveals that the grazing process induces significant changes in the metabolic pathways of C. tibetica branches. Differential metabolites show correlations with soluble protein content, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and proline levels. Moreover, machine learning models built on these differential metabolites accurately predict the intensity of C. tibetica grazing (with an accuracy of 83.3%). The content of various metabolites, indicative of plant stress responses, including Enterolactone, Narceine, and Folcepri, exhibits significant variations in response to varying grazing intensities (P

The lakes of Jianghan Plain, as an important component of the water bodies in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain, have made significant contributions to maintaining the ecological health and promoting the sustainable development of the Jianghan Plain. However, there is a relatively limited understanding regarding the trends of lake area change for different types of lakes and their dominant factors over the past three decades in the Jianghan Plain. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, combined with the water body index method, the changes in area of three different types of lakes (area > 1 km2) in the Jianghan Lake Group from 1990 to 2020 were extracted and analyzed. Additionally, the Partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was utilized to analyze the driving factors affecting the changes in water body area of these lakes. The results show that from 1990 to 2020, the area of the lakes of the wet season and level season exhibited a decreasing trend, decreasing by 893.1 km2 and 77.9 km2, respectively. However, the area of dry season lakes increased by 59.27 km2. The areas of all three types of lakes reached their minimum values in 2006. According to the PLS-SEM results, the continuous changes in the lakes’ area are mainly controlled by environmental factors overall. Furthermore, human factors mainly influence the mutation of the lakes’ area. This study achieved precise extraction of water body areas and accurate analysis of driving factors, providing a basis for a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic changes in the lakes of Jianghan Plain, which is beneficial for the rational utilization and protection of water resources.

IntroductionThe biosynthesis of the secondary cell wall (SCW) is orchestrated by an intricate hierarchical transcriptional regulatory network. This network is initiated by first-layer master switches, SCW-NAC transcription factors, which in turn activate the second-layer master switches MYBs. These switches play a crucial role in regulating xylem specification and differentiation during SCW formation. However, the roles of most MYBs in woody plants are yet to be fully understood.MethodsIn this study, we identified and isolated the R2R3-MYB transcription factor, PtoMYB031, from Populus tomentosa. We explored its expression, mainly in xylem tissues, and its role as a transcriptional repressor in the nucleus. We used overexpression and RNA interference techniques in poplar, along with Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, to analyze the regulatory effects of PtoMYB031.ResultsOverexpression of PtoMYB031 in poplar significantly reduced lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content, and inhibited vascular development in stems, resulting in decreased SCW thickness in xylem tissues. Gene expression analysis showed that structural genes involved in SCW biosynthesis were downregulated in PtoMYB031-OE lines. Conversely, RNA interference of PtoMYB031 increased these compounds. Additionally, PtoMYB031 was found to recruit the repressor PtoZAT11, forming a transcriptional inhibition complex.DiscussionOur findings provide new insights into how PtoMYB031, through its interaction with PtoZAT11, forms a complex that can suppress the expression of key regulatory genes, PtoWND1A and PtoWND2B, in SCW biosynthesis. This study enhances our understanding of the transcriptional regulation involved in SCW formation in poplar, highlighting the significant role of PtoMYB031.

[Objectives] This study was conducted to screen lavandulyl flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Sophora flavescens. [Methods] 35 compounds were screened from traditional Chinese medicine S. flavescens using the nitric oxide (NO) anti-inflammatory activity model. [Results] Five components, 8 (xanthohumol), 13 (kurarinol), 27 (4-methoxysalicylic acid), 28 (b-resorcic acid) and 30 (b-resorcic acid), exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity, with IC50 values of 5.99, 4.76, 6.96, 3.41 and 5.22 μM, respectively. Especially, 8 (xanthohumol) and 13 (kurarinol) were typical lavandulyl flavonoids in S. flavescens, which were worth further exploration. Furthermore, UPLC-Q-Exactive and GNPS molecular networking technique were used for rapid analysis of lavandulyl flavonoids from S. flavescens. A total of 15 components were identified. [Conclusions] This work lays a theoretical foundation for further separation and analysis of lavandulyl flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activity from S. flavescens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To discover novel compounds with significant anti-inflammatory activity in the alcohol extract of Polygonum capitatum. [Methods] Firstly, a new flavonoid glycoside,capitaone B (1), was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract from P. capitatum, and then 27 compounds were screened using NO anti-inflammatory activity model. [Results] Four compounds, such as kaempferol (12), 1,2, 6-trigalloyl-β-d-glucose (15), catechin (16) and β-sitosterol (26), could significantly inhibit LPS-induced NO production in macrophages, with IC50 values of 15.31, 8.43, 6.92 and 5.72 μM, respectively. [Conclusions] The chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of P. capitatum were preliminarily studied, and the results provide a theoretical basis for further research on the action mechanism of subsequent anti-inflammatory active compounds of P. capitatum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]