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Lipid oxidation often accompanies the processing and storage of peanuts, which causes a serious waste of peanut resources. To solve the problem of being prone to oxidation in peanut processing, a ternary complex antioxidant based on rosemary extract (RE) was constructed to investigate its effect on the oxidative and thermal stability of peanuts, and the inhibition of peanut oxidation by compound antioxidants was revealed by dynamic Arrhenius formula and complexation theory. The results showed that there was a synergistic effect between RE and Tert‐butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), and the antioxidant effects of RE and TBHQ were 4.86 and 1.45 times higher when used in combination than when used alone, respectively. In addition, RE‐TBHQ‐CA (citric acid) effectively inhibited primary and secondary oxidation of peanuts with a shelf life 8.7 times longer than that of control peanuts. This study provides a novel antioxidant compounding idea, which has a positive effect on improving the quality of peanut and other nut products, prolonging the shelf life and reducing the waste of resources. Practical Application: Compounding a complex antioxidant that permits its use in peanuts. It was found that rosemary and TBHQ might have synergistic antioxidant effects. Meanwhile, this combination of RE‐TBHQ‐CA effectively inhibited the oxidation of peanut oils and prolonged the shelf life of peanuts. RE‐TBHQ‐CA is a highly efficient complex antioxidant that can reduce the amounts of antioxidants added while maintaining high antioxidant efficiency, which may be useful for the future preservation and storage of nut products as it positively affects the quality and shelf life of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time series forecasting has a wide range of applications in various fields. To eliminate the need for time series data volume, a meta-learning-based few-shot time series forecasting method is proposed. This method uses a residual stack module as its backbone and connects the residuals forward and backward through a multilayer fully connected network so that the model and the meta-learning framework can be seamlessly combined. The Empirical knowledge of different time-sequence tasks is obtained through meta-training. To enable fast adaptation to new prediction tasks, a small meta-network is introduced to adaptively and dynamically generate the learning rate and weight decay coefficient of each step in the network. This method can use sequences of different data distribution characteristics for cross-task learning, and each training task only needs a small number of time series to achieve sequence prediction for the target task. The results show that compared with the two baselines, the proposed method has improved performance on 67.07% and 58.53% of the evaluated tasks. Thus, this method can effectively alleviate the problems caused by insufficient data during training and has broad application prospects in the field of time series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel rapid coverage analysis approach of Reentry Vehicles Networking Constellation (RVNC). • We establish the ground coverage model of RVNC and present the coverage criterion of RVNC. • We consider the effect of the earth rotation on the predicted distance during Reentry Vehicle (RV) reentry process to establish a predictive distance model. • Predictive Distance Tracking Algorithm (PDTA) that combines the predictive distance model with a coverage zone based on the reachable domain is proposed. To address the problems of low-precision and time-consuming coverage analysis of Reentry Vehicles Networking Constellation (RVNC), this paper proposes a rapid coverage analysis approach consisting of a coverage model of RVNC and a coverage analysis algorithm. In this approach, we first establish the coverage model of RVNC to obtain a coverage criterion used to judge whether a satellite can cover a target. Then, Predictive Distance Tracking Algorithm (PDTA) is proposed to quickly calculate RVNC coverage performances. The PDTA can adaptively adjust the time tracking step by predicting the distance between a target and a coverage area. Finally, the proposed approach is verified by computational experiments. The results show that the proposed approach is rapid, intuitive, and accurate, which makes it be suitable for RVNC and has wide application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Mori–Tanaka method and Eshelby's equivalent inclusions theory, a general analytical expression for the effective magnetostriction of ferromagnetic particles–superconducting matrix composites is deduced under the consideration of residual thermal stress. By calculation, the variation rules of effective magnetostriction and effective thermal expansion coefficient affected by residual thermal stresses are investigated for different inclusions radius ratios, volume fraction ratios, and elastic modulus ratios of the material. The results show that the residual thermal stress has a significant effect on the effective magnetostriction of ferromagnetic particle-superconducting matrix composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid and accurate target detection is one of the inevitable requirements of intelligent construction site. To meet the speed requirements and improve detection accuracy, an improved small object detection (ISOD) network is proposed. The network utilizes an efficient channel attention mechanism to extract features in the backbone and combines the proposed extended scale feature pyramid network to simplify calculations and create additional high-resolution pyramid layers to improve the ability of detecting small targets. To verify the effectiveness of ISOD, experiments are conducted using the proposed Reflective Vest Scene Dataset and Tsinghua-Tencent 100K, achieving 0.425 and 0.635 mAP@0.5-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$-$$\end{document}0.95, respectively, exceeding the SOTA YOLOv7 model, demonstrating its excellent small target detection capability and scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Domestication of bacteria by MNBs was proposed for bacteria optimization. • Phenol degraded dramatically from 1000 to 23.84 mg L−1 within 10 h in MNB-AR. • MNB-AR achieved high COD removal efficiency (over 92%) in a high-COD environment. • MNB-AR maintained excellent stability under severe water quality fluctuations. • Functional microbials and genes related to phenol degradation were upregulated. The treatment of coking wastewater with high phenol concentrations has been a challenge for conventional biological treatment technology. In this short communication, phenol-degrading bacteria domesticated by micro and nano bubbles (MNBs) water are used to treat the high- concentration phenol in an MNBs aeration reactor (MNB-AR). The results show that the MNB-AR can greatly improve the removal of phenol and chemical oxygen demand (COD). At a phenol concentration of 1000 mg L−1, the phenol and COD removal rates in the MNB-AR are 55 % and 39 % higher than in the conventional bubble aeration reactor respectively. MNB-AR performs more stably and reaches a higher phenol tolerance under fluctuating high-phenol-concentration loadings. Metagenomic analysis shows that MNBs promote the growth and metabolism of aerobic microorganisms related to phenol degradation, and enhance gene abundance related to carbon metabolism. MNBs aeration combined with microorganisms is an efficient solution for treating coking wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aims to investigate the mortality among HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Fangchenggang City, Guangxi Province, and to identify associated factors with AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related deaths, providing scientific evidence for reducing AIDS mortality. Methods We collected data from the National Comprehensive AIDS Prevention and Control Information System. These data included socio-demographic and follow-up records of 2 728 HIV-1 infected individuals receiving Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) treatment in Fangchenggang City from January 1, 2005 to July 5, 2022. This dataset included socio-demographic and follow-up records during the specified period, providing a comprehensive insight into the therapeutic responses, survival rates, and potential associated complications among ART-treated HIV/AIDS patients within Fangchenggang City. Socio-demographic and follow-up data were analyzed using the cumulative incidence function (CIF) under a competing risk framework and the Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard regression model to assess the associated factors with both AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related deaths. Results With an average follow-up period of 6.7 person-years, 295 cases experienced AIDS-related death with a mortality rate of 1.06/100 person-years, while 227 cases died from non-AIDS-related causes, with a mortality rate of 1.2/100 person-years. Under consideration of competing risks, the cumulative incidence of AIDS-related death at 1 year, 5 years, and 13 years post-diagnosis was 2.5%, 8.5%, and 15.0%, respectively. The factors associated with a higher risk of AIDS-related death included: age 60 years or older (aHR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.05~2.15), current spouse's infection status unknown/not investigated (aHR = 1.39, 95 % CI: 1.03~1.90), history of prophylactic treatment for opportunistic infections (aHR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.06~1.84), and occurrence of opportunistic infections or tumors (aHR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.12~2.45) . On the contrary, factors associated with a lower risk of AIDS-related death included: being female (aHR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.49~0.90), initial treatment regimen containing EFV (aHR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.25~0.68), having changed the treatment regimen (aHR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.12~0.29), first CD4 cell count ≥ 200 cells/µL (aHR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.20~0.45), initial viral load (VL) between 50 to 1000 copies/ml (aHR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.18-0.54), and VL < 50 copies/ml (aHR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.44~0.84). Regarding non-AIDS related deaths, passive detection (aHR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.0~1.98), uninvestigated/unknown spouse's infection status (aHR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.01~1.95), and first CD4 cell count ≥200 cells/ (JLL (aHR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.27~2.22) were found to be associated with increased risk. In contrast, lower risk factors included being female (aHR = 0.55, 95 % CI: 0.37-0.81), having experienced a change in antiviral treatment regimen post-initiation (aHR = 0.33, 95%CI :0.21-0.50), initial treatment regimens containing EFV (aHR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.34-0.88), and NVP (aHR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.3-0.83). Conclusion The mortality rate among HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in Fangchenggang City is relatively low. This study underscores the importance of preventing and treating opportunistic infections or tumors for improving the survival of HIV/AIDS patients. HIV/AIDS care clinics should particularly focus on monitoring and following up on female patients, older patients, and those detected passively, enhancing medication adherence, expanding HIV testing among key populations, and thereby striving to reduce the mortality rate among AIDS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic medical image segmentation has shown great potential in recent years. Howerver, magnetic resonance images (MRI) usually have the characteristics of noise and artifacts, existing methods cannot accurately segment the boundaries. In addition, most existing algorithms are unable to effectively capture the global dependencies to offset the local inductive bias. In this work, we present a novel denoising diffusion model based on 3D Swin Transformer for brain tumor segmentation, called DiffSwinTr. Furthermore, a conditional encoder module is designed to extract multi‐scale features and enhance the ability of local feature perception. We extensively evaluate our model on three BraTS datasets. The proposed DiffSwinTr can achieve average Dice Scores of 79.91%, 83.07%, and 85.38%, as well as the average Hausdorff Distances (95%) of 3.361, 3.334, and 2.975mm, respectively. The experimental results illuminate that DiffSwinTr outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art segmentation methods. Besides, our proposed model is robust to segmenting images with noise and artifacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multimodal integration combines information from different sources or modalities to gain a more comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon. The challenges in multi-omics data analysis lie in the complexity, high dimensionality, and heterogeneity of the data, which demands sophisticated computational tools and visualization methods for proper interpretation and visualization of multi-omics data. In this paper, we propose a novel method, termed Orthogonal Multimodality Integration and Clustering (OMIC), for analyzing CITE-seq. Our approach enables researchers to integrate multiple sources of information while accounting for the dependence among them. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using CITE-seq data sets for cell clustering. Our results show that our approach outperforms existing methods in terms of accuracy, computational efficiency, and interpretability. We conclude that our proposed OMIC method provides a powerful tool for multimodal data analysis that greatly improves the feasibility and reliability of integrated data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the World Health Organization's guidelines for rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation [≤7 days after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis], China implemented Treat-All in 2016 and has made significant efforts to provide timely ART since 2017. This study included newly diagnosed HIV adults from Tianjin, China, between 2016 and 2022. Our primary outcome was loss to follow-up (LTFU) at 12 months after enrollment. The secondary outcome was 12-month virological failure. The association between rapid ART and LTFU, as well as virological failure, was assessed via Cox regression and logistic regression. A total of 896 (19.1%) of 4688 participants received ART ≤7 days postdiagnosis. The rate of rapid ART has increased from 7.5% in 2016 to 33.3% by 2022. The rapid ART group had an LTFU rate of 3.3%, as opposed to 5.0% in the delayed group. The rapid ART group had a much reduced virological failure rate (0.6% vs. 1.8%). Rapid ART individuals had a reduced likelihood of LTFU [adjusted hazard ratio: 0.65, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.44–0.96] and virological failure (adjusted odds ratio: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.12–0.80). The real-world data indicated that rapid ART is practicable and beneficial for Chinese people with HIV, providing evidence for its widespread implementation and scaling up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractMuscle foods, valued for their significant nutrient content such as high-quality protein, vitamins, and minerals, are vulnerable to adulteration and fraud, stemming from dishonest vendor practices and insufficient market oversight. Traditional analytical methods, often limited to laboratory-scale., may not effectively detect adulteration and fraud in complex applications. Raman spectroscopy (RS), encompassing techniques like Surface-enhanced RS (SERS), Dispersive RS (DRS), Fourier transform RS (FTRS), Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS), and Spatially offset RS (SORS) combined with chemometrics, presents a potent approach for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of muscle food adulteration. This technology is characterized by its efficiency, rapidity, and noninvasive nature. This paper systematically summarizes and comparatively analyzes RS technology principles, emphasizing its practicality and efficacy in detecting muscle food adulteration and fraud when combined with chemometrics. The paper also discusses the existing challenges and future prospects in this field, providing essential insights for reviews and scientific research in related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When and how do international political arrangements change? International relations scholars have long examined the nature of shifts in international alliance and cooperation networks, often arguing that times of disruption in the international system are the most precarious for peace. In this research note, we rely on innovations in change-point and community detection methods to endogenously examine the timing and nature of shifts in country-to-country relationships through defense cooperative agreements. Using new methodical innovations from network science, we can see how countries move through different communities over time, changing the nature of polarity in the system. This empirical approach can help provide insights into determinants of peace, vulnerabilities in the international system, and potential aggressors in world politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Transfusion of cold‐stored whole blood is the preferred resuscitation method for trauma patients but may cause transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease (TA‐GVHD). Standard clinical practice to prevent this is to irradiate blood components with gamma‐rays. X‐ray irradiations are also a safe and effective alternative to gamma‐ray irradiation. We established a visual mouse model of TA‐GVHD to compare the viability and function of lymphocytes exposed to gamma‐ and x‐ray irradiation. Materials and Methods: A haploidentical transplantation mouse model was established to simulate TA‐GVHD with Balb/c mice as donors and hybrid F1 CB6 mice (Balb/c × C57) as recipients. Spleen cells from Tg‐Fluc+ Balb/c mice were isolated and irradiated with gamma‐rays and x‐rays. Lymphocyte activation, apoptosis and proliferation post phorbol 1 2‐myristate 1 3‐acetate (PMA) stimulation were evaluated. After transfusion, we monitored Fluc+ lymphocytes daily by bioluminescence imaging. Recipients were euthanized on day 21, and tissues were examined pathologically and for inflammatory cytokines. Results: The viability of gamma‐ or x‐ray irradiated lymphocytes decreased significantly with slight changes in proliferation in vivo after transfusion. Compared with the non‐irradiated group, both the gamma‐ and x‐ray irradiated groups showed significantly decreased clinical scoring and inflammatory cytokine levels. The fluorescence intensity of the body and target organs was reduced after irradiation. Conclusion: No recipients acquired TA‐GVHD after lymphocyte transfusion subjected to gamma‐ or x‐rays, showing that x‐rays inactivate as well as gamma rays and are suitable for irradiating whole blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To describe the characteristics of commercial sexual behavior of HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and analyze its influencing factors. Methods An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted through the recruitment of HIV-infected MSM by two social organizations in Chongqing. The x² test was used to compare the commercial sexual behavior of HIV infected with MSM with different social demographic characteristics, mental health status, and sexual behavioral characteristics. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of commercial behavior. Results A total of 1 501 cases of HIV infection with MSM were investigated in this study. In total 12.50% of the respondents reported same-sex commercial sex in the past six months, of which 28.34% reported unprotected commercial sex behavior. The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed HIV-infected MSM with marital status as marriage/cohabitation (OR =2.345, 95%CI: 1.442-3.814), working status as part-time and others (OR=6.522, 95%CI: 3.575-11.900), monthly income exceeding 5 000 yuan (OR=7.890, 95%CI: 4.254-14.634), age of first sexual intercourse less than 18 years old (OR= 1.818, 95%CI: 1.014-3.260), using same-sex dating software (using one: OR=2.984, 95%CI: 1.477-6.030; using two: OR = 3.683, 95%C$: 1.650-8.221; using 3 and above: OR=21.777, 95%CI: 8.349-56.804), drinking (0R=2.528, 95%C$: 1.5684.074), and using Rush (OR=3.114, 95%CI: 1.988-4.877) were more likely to have commercial sexual behavior (P < 0.05). Conclusion The commercial sexual behavior of HIV infection with MSM is common in Chongqing, and the proportion of commercial sexual behavior without condom is high_ Comprehensive measures should be taken to intervene the drinking, Rush use, and commercial sexual behavior of this population in order to reduce the further spread of HIV/STIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life‐threatening disease characterised by elevated pulmonary pressure, right ventricular failure (RVF) and ultimately death. Aggressive treatment of RVF is considered an important therapeutic strategy to treat PAH. Previous studies have indicated that betaine may be may a promising therapeutic approach for PAH‐induced RVF. Therefore, in this study, betaine solution for injection was prepared and characterised using various techniques. The therapeutic efficacy of three different methods of administration (intragastric, nebulised inhalation and intravenous injection) were comprehensively evaluated in terms of pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and pharmacodynamics. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that betaine injection administered via nebulised inhalation significantly prolonged betaine's half‐life and increased its internal circulation time compared to the intragastric and intravenous routes. Biodistribution experiments verified that the betaine formulation accumulated in the lung tissue when administered via inhalation. The results of the pharmacodynamic analysis further confirmed that right ventricular systolic pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy index increased in the model group and that inhaled betaine suppressed these pathological changes to a level comparable to those observed in the control group. Taken together, these results indicate that betaine administered by inhalation is a promising strategy for the treatment of PAH‐induced RVF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This toxicology study was conducted to assess the impact of formaldehyde, a common air pollutant found in Chinese gymnasiums, on the brain function of athletes. In this research, a total of 24 Balb/c male mice of SPF-grade were divided into four groups, each consisting of six mice. The mice were exposed to formaldehyde at different concentrations, including 0 mg/m3, 0.5 mg/m3, 3.0 mg/m3, and 3.0 mg/m3 in combination with an injection of L-NMMA (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine), which is a nitric oxide synthase antagonist. Following a one-week test period (8 h per day, over 7 days), measurements of biomarkers related to the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP-cAMP signaling pathway were carried out on the experimental animals post-treatment. The study found that: (1) Exposure to formaldehyde can lead to brain cell apoptosis and neurotoxicity; (2) Additionally, formaldehyde exposure was found to alter the biomarkers of the NO/cGMP-cAMP signaling pathway, with some changes being statistically significant (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01); (3) The use of L-NMMA, an antagonist of the NO/cGMP-cAMP signaling pathway, was found to prevent these biomarker changes and had a protective effect on brain cells. The study suggests that the negative impact of formaldehyde on the brain function of mice is linked to the regulation of the NO/cGMP-cAMP signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, is one of the world's 100 worst invasive alien species that is best known for its damage to wetland agriculture. It also acts as an intermediate host of some zoonotic parasites such as Angiostrongylus cantonensis, posing threats to human public health and safety. Despite is being an important agricultural pest, the genetic information and population expansion history of this snail remains poorly understood in China. In this study, we analyzed the genetic variation and population genetics of P. canaliculata populations in seven regions of China based on molecular markers of three mitochondrial (mt) genes. A total of 15 haplotypes were recognized based on single mt cox1, nad1, and nad4, and eight haplotypes were identified using the concatenated genes. High haplotype diversity, moderate nucleotide diversity, low gene flow, and high rates of gene differentiation among the seven P. canaliculata populations were detected. Shanghai and Yunnan populations showed higher genetic flow and very low genetic differentiation. The results of Tajima's D, Fu's Fs, and mismatch distribution showed that P. canaliculata did not experience population expansion in China. Genetic distance based on haplotypes suggested that nad1 gene was more conserved than cox1 gene within P. canaliculata. The phylogenetic analyses showed there may be two geographical lineages in the Chinese mainland. The present study may provide a new genetic marker to analyze P. canaliculata, and results support more evidence for studying the genetic distribution of P. canaliculata in China and contribute to a deeper understanding of its population genetics and evolutionary biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In catalytic technology, the capability of nanocatalysts to generate reactive species (ROS) and the rapid contact between ROS and target pollutants are critical for the catalytic reaction. Herein, we proposed an effective strategy to construct multi-functional MoS 2 /rGO piezocatalysts based on bacteria-catalyst topological interactions and electron pump effects, which possessed high carrier separation ability and adhesion to bacteria, ensuring the effective utilization of ROS. Attributed to the unique 3D heterogeneous structure and interface electronic structure, MoS 2 /rGO could completely inactivate 6.21 log 10 cfu mL−1 of E. coli K-12 within 30 min under ultrasonic conditions, significantly faster than pure MoS 2. It was demonstrated experimentally and theoretically that the introduction of rGO led to the generation of a large amount of ROS by enhancing the piezoelectric properties and conductivity of MoS 2 /rGO, while the topological interactions between MoS 2 /rGO and bacteria facilitated effective bacteria capture, improving the utilization of ROS. Additionally, Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy texting confirmed that rGO acts as an electron pump, effectively attracting electrons from bacterial cells, which disrupted bacterial metabolic processes, increased oxidative stress, and further enhanced the bactericidal effect. The mechanisms of topological interactions and electron pump effects elucidated in this work offer new insights into the design and understanding of efficient bactericidal materials in water purification applications. [Display omitted] • MoS 2 /rGO was successfully synthesized for efficient piezocatalytic water disinfection. • Complete inactivation of 6.21 log 10 cfu mL−1 E. coli K-12 was achieved within 30 min. • The heterostructure achieved rough surface and enhanced adhesion toward bacteria. • MoS 2 /rGO extracted electrons from E.coli K-12 to further promote cell inactivation. • A comprehensive inactivation pathway was proposed and verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant volatile organic compounds (PVOCs) have gained increasing attention for their role in preventing fungal spoilage and insect contamination in postharvest agro-products owing to their effectiveness and sustainability. In this study, the essential oil was extracted from fresh M. alternifolia (tea tree) leaves, and the fumigation vapor of tea tree oil (TTO) completely inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus on agar plates at a concentration of 1.714 μL/mL. Terpinen-4-ol was identified as the major component (40.76 %) of TTO volatiles analyzed using headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Terpinen-4-ol vapor completely inhibited the A. flavus growth on agar plates and 20 % moisture wheat grain at 0.556 and 1.579 μL/mL, respectively, indicating that terpinen-4-ol serves as the main antifungal constituent in TTO volatiles. The minimum inhibitory concentration of terpinen-4-ol in liquid-contact culture was 1.6 μL/mL. Terpinen-4-ol treatment caused depressed, wrinkled, and punctured mycelial morphology and destroyed the plasma membrane integrity of A. flavus. Metabolomics analysis identified significant alterations in 93 metabolites, with 79 upregulated and 14 downregulated in A. flavus mycelia exposed to 1.6 μL/mL terpinen-4-ol for 6 h, involved in multiple cellular processes including cell membrane permeability and integrity, the ABC transport system, pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Biochemical analysis and 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining showed that terpinen-4-ol induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in A. flavus mycelia. This study provides new insights into the antifungal effects of the main TTO volatile compounds terpinen-4-ol on the growth of A. flavus. • Terpinen-4-ol is the main volatile component of TTO determined by HS-GC–MS. • Terpinen-4-ol effectively inhibited the growth of A. flavus in high-moisture wheat grains. • Terpinen-4-ol inhibited the growth of A. flavus in both vapor phase and liquid contact. • The inhibitory mechanism of terpinen-4-ol on A. flavus was revealed by metabonomics analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wheat aphid Sitobion miscanthi is a dominant and destructive pest in agricultural production. Insecticides are the main substances used for effective control of wheat aphids. However, their extensive application has caused severe resistance of wheat aphids to some insecticides; therefore, exploring resistance mechanisms is essential for wheat aphid management. In the present study, CYP6CY2, a new P450 gene, was isolated and overexpressed in the imidacloprid-resistant strain (SM-R) compared to the imidacloprid-susceptible strain (SM-S). The increased sensitivity of S. miscanthi to imidacloprid after knockdown of CYP6CY2 indicates that it could be associated with imidacloprid resistance. Subsequently, the posttranscriptional regulation of CYP6CY2 in the 3′ UTR by miR-3037 was confirmed, and CYP6CY2 participated in imidacloprid resistance. This finding is critical for determining the role of P450 in relation to the resistance of S. miscanthi to imidacloprid. It is of great significance to understand this regulatory mechanism of P450 expression in the resistance of S. miscanthi to neonicotinoids. [Display omitted] • CYP6CY2, a new P450 gene was isolated. • CYP6CY2 was overexpressed in the imidacloprid-resistant strain (SM-R) compared to that in the imidacloprid-susceptible strain (SM-S). • The increased sensitivity to imidacloprid after knockdown of CYP6CY2. • CYP6CY2 in the 3′ UTR regulated by miR-3037 posttranscriptionally. • CYP6CY2 regulated by miR-3037 involved in imidacloprid resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the high uncertainty associated with residential net load due to the coupling of distributed photovoltaic generation and user demand, this paper proposed a novel cluster-based stacking ensemble learning model for net load interval prediction. Firstly, the k-means algorithm is employed to discover the similarity in user electricity consumption patterns. Then, a RIME optimization algorithm with local enhancement (LRIME) is developed to optimize the parameters and weights of the base learners in stacking ensemble learning. Subsequently, base learners with strong predictive capabilities and significant diversity are chosen as the first-layer predictive models, extreme learning machine (ELM) is utilized as the second-layer predictive model, ultimately resulting in the proposed stacking ensemble learning prediction model. And utilizing the bootstrap method to fit the volatility of point predictions, different prediction intervals are obtained at varying confidence levels, aiming to quantify the integrated uncertainty in photovoltaic generation and load. Testing on the open Ausgrid electricity load data in Australia provided robust validation of the proposed method's effectiveness. In comparison with other outstanding prediction models, the proposed ensemble model can effectively capture the uncertainty in integrating photovoltaic generation and user load. • A RIME optimization algorithm with local enhancement (LRIME) is developed. • A stacking ensemble model is proposed for residential net load interval prediction. • The proposed model demonstrates higher forecasting accuracy and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a color image encryption scheme with new features based on two-dimensional discrete memristor logistic map (2D-MLM), Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) encoding and multi-wing hyperchaotic systems. Firstly, the discrete memristor map and four-wing hyperchaotic system are used to generate various pseudo-random sequences. Secondly, the original image is processed in blocks, and DNA encoding and operation are performed on the sub-block image using multiple pseudo-random sequences. Finally, combining the pseudo-random sequence to diffuse the sub-block image and DNA decoding, we can get the encrypted image. The scheme generates a one-time key for each image, and uses multiple different sub-keys to increase the key space. The use of diverse pseudo-random sequences for image scrambling effectively avoids the security risks associated with using a single chaotic sequence. The key space of this algorithm reaches 2 425 , the information entropy of the ciphertext image is 7.9993, the number of pixels change rate (NPCR) and the uniformed average change intensity (UACI) reach 99.6095 % and 33.5089 %, and the inter-pixel correlation is close to zero. The simulation results prove that the proposed algorithm has good security against many potential attacks. • Highlights (for review). • Discrete chaotic maps have been used for excellent image encryption. • Chunked encryption algorithms combining discrete memristor map have good resistance for new attacks. • One-time-keys for each image have better encryption effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a commonly used plasticizer, has been found to be strongly linked to a consistently high prevalence of allergic diseases, particularly allergic asthma. Previous animal experiments have demonstrated that exposure to DBP can worsen asthma by triggering the production of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide in the lung tissue. However, the precise neuroimmune mechanism and pathophysiology of DBP-exacerbated allergic asthma with the assistance of CGRP remain unclear. The present study was to investigate the potential pathophysiological mechanism in DBP-exacerbated asthma from the perspective of neural-immune interactions. C57BL/6 mice were orally exposed to different concentrations (0.4, 4, 40 mg/kg) of DBP for 28 days. They were then sensitized with OVA and nebulized with OVA for 7 consecutive excitations. To investigate whether DBP exacerbates allergic asthma in OVA induced mice, we analyzed airway hyperresponsiveness and lung histopathology. To investigate the activation of JNC and TRPV1 neurons and the release of CGRP by JNC cells, we measured the levels of TRPV1 channels, calcium inward flow, and downstream neuropeptide CGRP. Results showed that TRPV1 expression, inward calcium flux, and CGRP levels were significantly elevated in the lung tissues of the 40DBP + OVA group, suggesting the release of CGRP by JNC cells. To counteract the detrimental effects of DBP mediated by CGRP, we employed olcegepant (also known as BIBN-4096), a CGRP receptor specific antagonist. Results revealed that 40DBP + OVA + olcegepant led to notable decreases in TRPV1, calcium inward flow, and CGRP expression in lung tissues compare with 40DBP + OVA, further supporting the efficacy of olcegepant. Additionally, we also conducted ILC2 flow sorting and observed that neuropeptide CGRP-activated ILC2 cells have a crucial role as key effector cells in DBP-induced neuroimmune positive feedback regulation. Finally, we examined the protein expression of CGRP, GATA3 and P-GATA3, and found that significant upregulations of CGRP and P-GATA3 in the 40DBP + OVA group, suggest that GATA3 acted as a key regulator of CGRP-activated ILC2. The aforementioned studies indicate that exposure to DBP can exacerbate allergic asthma, leading to airway inflammation. This exacerbation occurs through the activation of TRPV1 in JNC, resulting in the release of CGRP. The excessive release of CGRP further promotes the release of Th2 cytokines by inducing the activation of ILC2 through GATA phosphorylation. Consequently, this process contributes to the development of airway inflammation and allergic asthma. The increased production of Th2 cytokines also triggers the production of IgE, which interacts with FcεRI on JNC neurons, thereby mediating neuro-immune positive feedback regulation. [Display omitted] • DBP can exacerbate allergic asthma via a neuroimmune regulatory mechanism. • DBP can induce activation of TRPV1 and JNC neurons, and then make CGRP releases. • Th2-dominant inflammation happens following ILC2 activation by CGRP. • IgE is the key molecular for triggering type I hypersensitivity and JNC reactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase of wind power installed capacity, wind energy is playing an increasingly important role in power grids. However, this also aggravates the volatility of a power grid. Accurate wind power prediction is particularly important for grid dispatching and grid connection modes. However, the existing forecasting methods mostly consider the meteorological environmental factors and historical power data and do not consider the impact of wind turbine generator parameters. Therefore, this study proposes a double-layer Shared Weight Long Short-Term Memory Network (SWLSTM) prediction model based on manifold learning considering meteorological environment factors, wind turbine generator parameters, and historical wind power. First, 17 indicators such as meteorological environment factors and wind turbine parameters are determined as influencing factors to construct high-dimensional data sets. Second, manifold learning is used to reduce the dimension of high-dimensional data sets and determine the best dimension reduction. The data after dimensionality reduction and historical wind power are used as the input of the prediction model. Finally, considering the influence of errors on the prediction results, a double-layer SWLSTM prediction model is constructed. The double-layer model is constructed simultaneously, and the final power prediction result is obtained by adding the prediction error of the lower model and the prediction wind power of the upper model. Moreover, a wind farm in Xinjiang is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed prediction model. The results show that the prediction strategy and the model proposed in this paper have high prediction accuracy. • Meteorological and wind turbine parameters are chosen as influencing power factors. • Manifold learning is used to reduce the dimension of high-dimensional input data. • A Double-Layer SWLSTM prediction model is proposed to predict wind power. • The proposed forecasting model has lower prediction errors and more robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer posed a serious threat to human health, and early diagnosis of cancer biomarker was extremely important for the treatment and control of cancer. Electrochemistry-based assays were low-cost, responsive and easy to operate, but there were some challenges in terms of accuracy, detection limit, efficiency and portability. The combination of microfluidic devices and electrochemical methods was expected to construct a high-performance sensing platform, but long-time antigen-antibody incubation was still required. Therefore, a novel microfluidic chip needs to be developed, which has the advantages of good portability, short incubation time, high accuracy, low detection limit and great application to point-of-care testing. A microfluidic sensor based on microcolumn array electrodes was developed, in which microcolumns could create local mixed flow to reduce the incubation time of target molecules and enhance their interaction with the sensing interface. Besides, three dimensional Mxene fibers-gold nanoparticles (3D MF-Au) was modified on the microcolumn array electrodes to increase active sites and provide more electrolyte shuttle holes. The electrolyte turbulence caused by the microcolumn array electrodes could heighten the contact between the target molecules and sensing interface and accelerate the transfer of redox pairs, thus reducing the incubation time of the target molecules and improving the electrochemical responses in synergy with the 3D MF-Au. Herein, the detection of AFP was chosen as a model, and the microfluidic sensor possessed superior performance for analysis of AFP in the range of 0.1 pg mL−1 - 200 ng mL−1 with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.0648 pg mL−1. This microfluidic chip integrating with microcolumn array electrodes has been successfully implemented to detect AFP in human serum, and the results were consistent with that of electrochemical chemiluminescence method. The microfluidic chip provided a new strategy of portability, shortening incubation time and enhancing electrical signals for antigen detection of real samples, which showed great utilization potentiality in point-of-care testing. Herein, a microfluidic sensor based on microcolumn array electrodes was firstly proposed for analysing AFP, in which microcolumn array could create local turbulent flow to reduce the incubation time of target molecules, enhance their interaction with the electrodes and accelerate the transfer of redox pairs at the sensing interface. [Display omitted] • An easy-to-manufacture microfluidic chip was developed for rapid detection of AFP. • Batch construction of flow channel with microcolumn array by PDMS moulding. • Microcolumn array induced electrolyte turbulence to enhanced electrolyte transport. • 3D MF-Au modified electrode to improve electrochemical active sites and conductivity. • This POCT platform provides a new strategy for fast sensing antigen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dynamic model for a hydro-turbine governing system is established that accounts for the periodic excitation caused by the dynamic transfer coefficient. The dynamic analysis shows that the turbine regulation system produces bursting oscillatory behaviors when its transmission coefficient changes. The bursting oscillation behavior can adversely affect its stable operation. In response to this challenge, a prescribed performance sliding mode controller based on the time-varying tangent barrier Lyapunov function is proposed. Specifically, a time-varying constraint function of the exponential decay type is initially established. This function is then combined with the prescribed performance constraint function and the dynamic sliding surface to construct the time-varying tangent barrier Lyapunov function. In addition, to ensure that the system output exhibits a slight overshoot and fast-tracking speed at the initial time while satisfying the steady-state index, the relevant parameters of the time-varying constraint function are presented. Finally, the stability of the proposed controller is rigorously proven, verifying the effectiveness of the controller under five working conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that the prescribed performance sliding mode control based on the time-varying tangent barrier Lyapunov function can enable the hydro-turbine governing system to quickly break away from the bursting oscillation state. The proposed control strategy achieves faster convergence times for the rotor angle and generator speed (0.3 s) as well as the guide vane opening (0.3 s) than the ordinary sliding mode controller. The proposed strategy is also superior in controlling the steady-state error, which means that the proposed controller has a faster response speed, higher control accuracy, and optimized transient performance of the system than the traditional controller. • The hydro-turbine regulation system under periodic excitation exhibits bursting oscillations. • Prescribed performance control to handle state constraint problems. • Indirect constraints on the state are achieved by constraining the sliding surface. • The controller still has better performance when the parameters change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with antimicrobial activity could potentially be extremely useful fumigants to prevent and control the fungal decay of agricultural products postharvest. In this study, antifungal effects of volatile compounds in essential oils extracted from Origanum vulgare L. against Aspergillus flavus growth were investigated using transcriptomic and biochemical analyses. Carvacrol was identified as the major volatile constituent of the Origanum vulgare L. essential oil, accounting for 66.01 % of the total content. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of carvacrol were 0.071 and 0.18 μL/mL in gas-phase fumigation and liquid contact, respectively. Fumigation with 0.60 μL/mL of carvacrol could completely inhibit A. flavus proliferation in wheat grains with 20 % moisture, showing its potential as a biofumigant. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that carvacrol treatment caused morphological deformation of A. flavus mycelia, and the resulting increased electrolyte leakage indicates damage to the plasma membrane. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that the carvacrol treatment caused a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and DNA damage. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with fatty acid degradation, autophagy, peroxisomes, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and DNA replication in A. flavus mycelia exposed to carvacrol. Biochemical analyses of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion content, and catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase activities showed that carvacrol induced oxidative stress in A. flavus , which agreed with the transcriptome results. In summary, this study provides an experimental basis for the use of carvacrol as a promising biofumigant for the prevention of A. flavus contamination during postharvest grain storage. • Carvacrol is the main volatile component of Origanum vulgare L. EO. • Carvacrol effectively inhibits A. flavus growth in high-moisture wheat grains. • Carvacrol caused MMP decrease, ROS accumulation, and DNA damage. • Carvacrol caused differential expression of genes of multiple biological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]