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The medieval and early modern stone collection of the National Museum of the History of Transylvania originated as an integral part of the Coin and Antiquities Collection of the museum’s predecessor, the Transylvanian Museum Society. Over time, it has developed into one of the richest collections in the Carpathian Basin, now comprising approximately 600 carvings. The study is divided into two major chapters. The first chapter covers the history of the collection, while the second provides a detailed description of it. The first chapter traces the history of the stone collection from the founding of the Transylvanian Museum Society, the predecessor of the current museum, to the most recent reorganization of the stone collection. The second chapter of the study presents the medieval and early modern stone collection, showcasing the exhibited pieces through three main thematic groups: tombstones, architectural carvings, and plaster casts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the fractal volatility and long‐range dependence of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether and USD Coin by employing the continuous wavelet transform, maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform and rescaled range. Our dataset consists of daily prices spanning from January 2017 through to October 2022, encapsulating pre‐ and post‐epidemic eras. Generally, our findings suggest that Tether presents the least overall volatility throughout the time‐frequency spectrum. USD Coin demonstrates ephemeral turbulence, contrary to Tether's maturity in influencing market equilibrium through token issuance and trade responses. In the post‐epidemic sample, both stablecoins indicate mean reversion, with USD Coin showing marginally better efficiency. Conversely, investment tokens display persistent clusters due to retail traders and long‐term fundamental institutions. Although both tokens illustrate multifractal volatility, Ethereum unveils more essence of self‐similarity than Bitcoin. Hence, there is no evidence that Ethereum truly duplicates Bitcoin since policy‐related events differ between them, as both return series move incongruously. Conditional dynamics signify that all cryptocurrencies, except Tether, were affected by the pandemic transition of COVID‐19 and subsequent macroeconomic news. The unconditional volatility of stablecoins evinces zero‐mean errors, antithetical to investment tokens exhibiting annual cycles. The fractal geometry suggests that investment tokens simulate one‐dimensional lines, whereas stablecoins mimic two‐dimensional planes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The book "Ars critica numaria: Joseph Eckhel and the Transformation of Ancient Numismatics" edited by Bernhard Woytek and Daniela Williams explores the life and work of Joseph Eckhel, an eighteenth-century scholar who made significant contributions to the field of numismatics. Eckhel's most famous work, "Doctrina numorum veterum," revolutionized coin research and established numismatics as a scholarly discipline. The book provides a contextualization of Eckhel's achievements, discussing Enlightenment Vienna, Jesuit numismatists, and the development of coin scholarship. While Eckhel is considered a major figure in classical scholarship, some argue that he is better seen as the last of the early modern numismatists. [Extracted from the article]

The coin finds retrieved from the excavation areas at Ḥorbat Sahar range in date from the Roman to the Mamluk periods, partially aligning with the settlement periods identified at the site. A bronze coin of Elagabalus, struck in Abila, depicts on its reverse a sanctuary with a hexastyle facade flanked by two towers with a large altar in the center. This is an important addition to our limited knowledge of this coin-type's circulation in sites west of the Jordan River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coins found in the excavation at Naṣr ed-Din tell of two peaks of settlement at the site: in the second century BCE and in the second century CE. The coins suggest that the site became Jewish in the first century BCE, was reduced or abandoned in the first century CE and revived in the second century CE, still as a Jewish village. The numismatic evidence does not support the identification of the site with Bet Ma'on, mentioned by Josephus and in the Talmud; however, one must consider that the site is large and the data presented here pertain only to the limited area that was excavated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a collection of thirty-two papers on the topic of numismatics in the long nineteenth century. The papers cover various aspects of numismatics, including individual collectors, collector-scholars, and regional or subject collecting. The articles make use of new archival research and previously unpublished material, providing a comprehensive understanding of the world of numismatics during this time period. The article also highlights some personal highlights from the collection, such as the restoration of Avellino provenances to south Italian coins and the formation of Gulbenkian's coin collection. The article concludes by stating that the nineteenth century was a significant era for numismatics, with the professionalization of the market and the emergence of numismatics as a subsidiary science. [Extracted from the article]

Charles Philippe de Bosset (1773–1845) was a Swiss soldier and British imperial official who established an extensive archaeological and numismatic collection from the Mediterranean region, particularly the Ionian Islands. His collections are now in the British Museum, the Laténium in Neuchâtel and the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire de Neuchâtel. This article establishes the circumstances of the British Museum's acquisition in the early nineteenth century of its part of the de Bosset collection of coins, two bas-reliefs and a bronze. It then considers the process of removing duplicate coins from the British Museum collection through sales and exchanges by an examination of the de Bosset acquisition. Finally, it uses de Bosset's own publication in 1815 of the coins of Cephalonia, Ithaca and Delphi as a case-study to restore archaeological provenance and a catalogue of that part of de Bosset's collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the minting of the first Sasanian coins, the details of the designs, faces, figures, and arrays of the king were carefully considered. In this research, the content of a gold coin from the time of King Shapur I (241-272 AD) has been investigated. The shape of the Shah's face is different compared to other coins minted during Shapur's time, which shows weakness and withering. There is also a three-horned spear in the hands of two figures around the fire pit on the back of the coin. Dihim's attachment to Shapur's foot is one of the important points of the studied coin. For a better understanding of Shapur's face, the verses of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, which narrates the end of Shapur's life, have been used. Studies have shown that the image on the studied coin shows the sick face of the king at the end of his life, which is confirmed by referring to the poems of Shahnameh. The threehorned spear on the back of the coin as a symbol of Shiva and the hyacinth of the Kushan religion is a sign of the king's power and his successes, especially in the battle against the Kushans. It could be said that the threepronged spear in the hands of the king and Ahura Mazda, the guardian of the hearth and the sacred fire, is a reminder of the submission of the Kushan religion to the Iranian religion, and Dihim is its symbol. From the Sassanid kings, along with a three-pronged spear, fire, crescent, and moon, meaning connection and friendship with Ahura Mazda and the gods Mehr and Anahita. Also, the similarity of the faces of the king and Ahura Mazda shows the same claim that the early Sassanid kings considered themselves to be of Yazdani race and face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this article is a hoard purchased by the Burdur Archaeology Museum in 2006. Although the exact situation and find spot of the coins are not known, it is stated as the village of Aziziye in the central district of the province of Burdur (Southwest Turkey). This hoard consists of a total of 111 bronze coins minted by the Pisidian city of Termessos Maior, either bearing the Zeus Solymos/Horse type (1 piece) or the Zeus Solymos/Horse protome type (110 pieces), with letters indicating the year of the Termessos Maior era in the Late Hellenistic Period. Although there are some suggestions regarding the dating of these bronze series of Termessos Maior - one of the important issues especially for Pisidian numismatics - the exact chronology remains to be clarified. The hoard consists of coins minted between year 1 (=A) and year 32 (B), with some years missing. In addition, the hoard includes new examples bearing the letters B (2nd year), I (10th year) and IT (19th year). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of the coin sets found in Baetican territory, containing official coins of both Antonine emperors. The focus has been placed on the observation of their geographical distribution, the examination of the chronology, and the most frequently represented series, as well as the characteristics of the coin sets themselves. Furthermore, we attempt to ascertain whether the concentration of these mintings in certain areas of the province correlates with other types of evidence that they may be associated with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents assemblage of Seleucid and Greco-Bactrian coins found by the Czech-Uzbek archaeological expedition in the frame of a sampling metal detector survey in the upper reaches of Sherabad Darya, from the sites of the Darband Wall, Daganajam, Kurganzol and Iskandar Tepa in 2018. Sixteen specimens, of both silver and copper alloys, which were determined including a very rare Seleukos I (?) coin are assessed not only from the numismatic and historical point of view, but also analysed in terms of elemental composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1960 campaign of the Corinth Excavations, a Tang Dynasty coin was found in an ash and charcoal layer with deposits from the mid- to late 13th century ce and earlier. Considering similar coin finds from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, and the Chui Region, Kyrgyzstan, this article argues that the Corinth Tang coin is likely an Anxi Protectorate issue, though a Chui valley origin cannot be ruled out. This article discusses the origins, survival, and mobility of this minimal-value cash coin in a web of Eurasian connections, with particular focus on the connectivity of the Church of the East and the Jewish merchant network from the 8th to the 13th century ce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the study of coins and medals during the first phase of globalization between 1600 and 1800. The author, Martin Mulsow, explores the significance of these material objects in early modern intellectual circles and their role in shaping global history. Mulsow argues that the study of coins and medals played a crucial role in debates on Hebrew philology and biblical scholarship, as well as in the development of global numismatics. The article traces the geographical flow of numismatic knowledge from Europe to Asia, highlighting the entanglement of local and global antiquarian practices. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the historical importance of coins and medals in understanding global intellectual relationships and cultural exchange. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the life and collection of Dr. Karl von Schäffer, who donated his collection of ancient coins to Tübingen University in 1888. The collection consisted of 3,000 items, with a focus on Greek and Roman Provincial coins. Von Schäffer was also a collector of ferns and his collection is evidence of how a lack of funds can lead to valuable purchasing decisions. The article highlights the importance of the accompanying dealer correspondence and receipts, which provide insight into the market and collectors of the time. The volume is recommended for specialists and those interested in collecting and the art market. [Extracted from the article]