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Abstract The adverse pregnancy outcomes, including recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), are strongly correlated with water-soluble vitamins, but how to predict RSA occurrence using them remains unsatisfactory. This study aims to investigate the possibility of predicting RSA based on the baseline levels of water-soluble vitamins tested by ultra-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 918 pregnant women was consecutively enrolled in this cross-sectional study. According to the miscarriage numbers, they were divided into normal first pregnancy (NFP, n = 608), once spontaneous abortion (OSA, n = 167), and continuous spontaneous abortion (CSA, n = 143) groups. The Cox proportional-hazards regression model was employed to establish a risk model for predicting RSA. The RSA occurrence was 6.54% in overall pregnant women, with a prevalence of 12.57% in the OSA group and 27.27% in the CSA group. Significant differences were observed in baseline deficiencies of vitamin B3, B5, B6, and B9 among NFP, OSA, and CSA groups (χ2 = 12.191 ~ 37.561, all P 0.05). Our study presents a highly sensitive model based on mass spectrometry assay of baseline levels in B vitamins to predict the RSA occurrence as possible.

Abstract Chemotherapy is a commonly effective treatment for most types of cancer. However, many patients experience a relapse due to minimal residual disease (MRD) after chemotherapy. Previous studies have analyzed the changes induced by chemotherapy for specific types of cancer, but our study is the first to comprehensively analyze MRD across various types of cancer. We included both bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. We compared the expression of the entire genome and calculated scores for canonical pathway signatures and immune infiltrates before and after chemotherapy across different types of cancer. Our findings revealed that DUSP1 was the most significantly and widely enriched gene in pan-cancer MRD. DUSP1 was found to be essential for MRD formation and played a role in T cell-fibroblast communications and the cytotoxic function of CD4 + T cells. Overall, our analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the changes caused by chemotherapy and identifies potential targets for preventing and eliminating MRD, which could lead to long-term survival benefits for patients.

During the production period of shale gas, proppant particles and rock debris are produced together, which will seriously erode the elbows of gathering pipelines. In response to this problem, this paper takes the elbow of the gathering pipeline in the Changning Shale Gas Field as an example to test the erosion rate and material removal mechanism of the test piece at different angles of the elbow through experiments and compares the four erosion models with the experimental results. Through analysis, it is found that the best prediction model for quartz sand-carbon steel erosion is the Oka model. Based on the Oka model, FLUENT software was used to simulate and analyze the law of erosion of the elbow of the gas gathering pipeline under different gas flow velocities, gas gathering pressure, particle size, length of L1, and bending directions of the elbow. And a spiral pipeline structure is proposed to reduce the erosion rate of the elbow under the same working conditions. The results show that this structure can reduce erosion by 34%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passive radiative cooling without energy consumption is increasingly being explored as an eco‐friendly alternative to electric cooling for mitigating heat stress caused by global warming. Incorporating radiative cooling into personal thermal management has garnered widespread interest. However, existing sub‐ambient radiative cooling textiles face challenges related to inferior solar reflectance, poor outdoor durability, or health concerns. Here, a durable multilayer silk textile (MST) is developed that achieves excellent comprehensive performance for the first time, including both ultrahigh solar reflectance (96.5%) and ultrahigh infrared emittance (97.1%), safety, air and moisture permeability, high mechanical strength, washability, abrasion resistance, surface hydrophobicity, and UV resistance. The MST achieves a remarkable sub‐ambient temperature drop of 5.1 °C under 892.4 W m−2 of ultra‐strong solar radiation and surpasses both commercial silk and cotton textiles at noon with temperature reductions of 6.0 and 8.3 °C, respectively. For proof of concept, a hat using the MST is fabricated, which shows improved cooling performance compared to commercial hats. Considering its outstanding cooling performance, durability, zero energy consumption, abundant raw materials, and scalable production ability, it is believed that the radiative cooling MST holds great promise for practical applications in daytime personal thermal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background To explore the impacts of contextual issues encompassing social, cultural, political and institutional elements, on the operation of public health surveillance systems in Nepal concerning the monitoring of infectious diseases in the face of a changing climate. Methods Semi-structured interviews (n  = 16) were conducted amongst key informants from the Department of Health Services, Health Information Management System, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, World Health Organization, and experts working on infectious disease and climate change in Nepal, and data were analysed using thematic analysis technique. Results Analysis explicates how climate change is constructed as a contingent risk for infectious diseases transmission and public health systems, and treated less seriously than other 'salient' public health risks, having implications for how resources are allocated. Further, analysis suggests a weak alliance among different stakeholders, particularly policy makers and evidence generators, resulting in the continuation of traditional practices of infectious diseases surveillance without consideration of the impacts of climate change. Conclusions We argue that along with strengthening systemic issues (epidemiological capacity, data quality and inter-sectoral collaboration), it is necessary to build a stronger political commitment to urgently address the influence of climate change as a present and exponential risk factor in the spread of infectious disease in Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the potential negative consequences of climate change adaptation strategies that involve staying indoors and using air conditioning. The authors argue that these strategies can lead to social isolation, reduced physical activity, and reduced exposure to green spaces, similar to the effects of COVID-19 lockdowns. The paper emphasizes the importance of considering the adverse health effects of weather-induced isolation when developing climate change adaptation plans. The authors suggest that while retreating indoors may be a useful strategy, it is crucial to avoid replicating the negative health effects of lockdowns experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. [Extracted from the article]