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Summary: In frozen part‐baked bread technology, starch is influenced by various processing factors. This study aimed to investigate the effect of part‐baking time, freezing rate and frozen storage time on pasting, thermal and structural properties of part‐baked bread. Wheat dough was part‐baked for 0, 3 or 6 min and frozen at −20 °C using two freezing rates: slow (0.15 °C min−1) or fast (1.45 °C min−1). Next, samples were stored in frozen conditions for 56 days and analysed every 14 days for starch damage, pasting properties, thermal and X‐ray analysis. The level of damaged starch increased with 3 min (69.3%), and 6 min (88.8%) of part‐baking time for both freezing rates compared to no part‐baked. In pasting analyses, peak viscosity decreased 27.3% and 38.4% for 3 and 6 min of part‐baking time, respectively, at 0 days of frozen storage; however, this tendency was observed for all frozen storage time. The gelatinisation enthalpy (ΔHg) decreased as part‐baking time increased, showing the maximum reduction at 6 min of part‐baked (94.9%). In X‐ray diffraction analyses at 3 and 6 min of part‐baking, the intensity of the signal increased 4.4% and 10.9%, respectively, probably due to the starch gelatinisation. These results can serve as a valuable guide for developing strategies to enhance the quality of part‐baked bread and improve production performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2,3-dihydro-5,6,7,8-tetranitro-1,4-benzodioxine (TNBD), molecular formula = C8H4N4O10, is a completely nitrated aromatic ring 1,4-benzodioxane derivative. The convenient method of TNBD synthesis was developed (yield = 81%). The detailed structure of this compound was investigated by X-ray crystallography. The results of the thermal analysis (TG) obtained with twice re-crystallized material revealed the onset at 240 °C (partial sublimation started) and melting at 286 °C. The investigated material degraded completely at 290–329 °C. The experimental density of 1.85 g/cm3 of TNBD was determined by X-ray crystallography. The spectral properties of TNBD (NMR, FT-IR and Raman) were explored. The detonation properties of TNBD calculated by the EXPLO 5 code were slightly superior in comparison to standard high-energy material—tetryl (detonation velocity of TNBD—7727 m/s; detonation pressure—278 kbar; and tetryl—7570 m/s and 226.4 kbar at 1.614 g/cm3, or 260 kbar at higher density at 1.71 g/cm3. The obtained preliminary results might suggest TNBD can be a potential thermostable high-energy and -density material (HEDM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the cycloidal pin wheel drive mechanism of the secondary drive component of the rotary vector (RV) reducer is studied. Under the condition of grease lubrication, considering tooth profile modifications and machining errors, we established a three-dimensional load-bearing contact analysis model of a cycloid pinwheel transmission mechanism. We studied the time-varying contact characteristics of the gear teeth and dynamic joint surfaces of the inner and outer races of a crankshaft bearing. Considering the thermal effects, we proposed an analysis model of the lubrication characteristics of cycloid pinwheel transmission mechanisms. We also studied the thermal lubrication properties, such as load de-formation, lubrication film thickness, contact pressure and temperature increase at the lubrication contact area. The accuracy of the model was verified by temperature experiments on the inner raceway of an RV reducer bearing and the evolution law of the dynamic thermal lubrication characteristics of the inner and outer races of the crankshaft bearing, the meshing gear tooth pair and the whole process of single pin tooth meshing were revealed. This study provides an effective method for analyzing the temperature increases of the key joints of RV reducers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigated the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) pretreatment, combined with different drying methods, on the quality of dried yams. The results showed that the pretreatment resulted in the formation of large pores in the yam tissues, thereby affecting the rehydration capability and hardness of the dried yam slices. The type of drying method after treatment did not alter the free radical stretching bands of yam. Additionally, the pretreated samples had a higher peak viscosity, through viscosity, final viscosity and break down, alongside lower pasting temperatures, To, Tp, Tc, and △H. Rheological measurements further indicated that all doughs exhibited solid-like behavior to different extents. The pretreatment also decreased the amount of allantoin and polysaccharides in dried yam slices, while negatively influencing their antioxidant activity. Finally, the choice of drying methods significantly affected the quality of the dried yams. In highlighting the effects of PEF pretreatment, combined with different drying methods, on dried yam, the results can help to expand their application within the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the synthesis of exfoliated structure of Poly-methylmethacrylate/organomontmorillonite nanocomposites by in situ polymerization of Methylmethacrylate monomer as a cost-effective adsorbent for ultrahigh removal of azo dye pollutant from aqueous media. The obtained nanocomposites with different organoclay loading (1–7 mass%) were characterized by XRD, FTIR, DTA, TGA, TEM and SEM. In the XRD results, the observation of small pick shoulders (d001) and almost no reflection in the X-ray diffractrograms indicated, respectively, the establishment of intercalated/exfoliated structures and major exfoliation of OMMT clay into polymer. This observation was supported by TEM microscopy. TGA results revealed improved thermal properties in comparison with the pure polymer. Adsorption parameters such as pH-value, contact time and initial dye concentration were investigated to assess optimum adsorption activity. The adsorption experiments showed that the equilibrium time of adsorption was reached very rapidly. According to the kinetic study, the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption capacity is unaffected by variation of solution pH. The high maximum adsorption capacity of PMMA/OMT nanocomposite toward dye was found to be 309.6 mg g−1. Langmuir isotherm was more suitable model to describe the adsorption of dye than Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. Thermodynamic study showed that the removal of the azo dye from aqueous solution by PMMA/OMT nanocomposite is endothermic nature, spontaneous and physisorption process. Under three adsorption–desorption cycles, PMMA/OMT nanocomposite had good re-adsorption effect. Thus, PMMA/OMT nanocomposite can be an efficient and recyclable adsorbent for azo dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of additive manufacturing has enabled scientists to efficiently construct complex geometric forms, facilitating the creation of robust structures with enhanced resistance to external forces. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) enables the attainment of personalization, enhanced design flexibility, waste reduction, expedited prototyping, and the generation of intricate profiles. In this study, an impact test was conducted to measure the energy absorption of polymer composites fabricated through fused filament deposition. Specifically, the composites investigated were poly-lactic acid reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, and graphene. The study examined the effects of different infill patterns and infill densities on the energy absorption capabilities of these composites. The utilization of a gyroid infill pattern with a 100% infill density has been found to demonstrate the highest level of energy absorption in the context of graphene-reinforced poly-lactic acid. In order to examine the relationship between the given process parameters and the energy-absorbing behavior, an analysis of variance using Taguchi's approach is employed on the impact test findings. The examination of fractured surfaces using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) unveiled several types of voids, exhibiting enhanced interlayer adhesion in distinct composite materials. The thermal characteristics of the composite material were determined by the utilization of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that polymer composites have future potential to be employed in automotive parts that necessitate high impact resistance, such as the fabrication of bumpers and body panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen bond liquid crystals derived binary mixtures are formed between methyl malonic acid (MM) and p-n heptyloxy benzoic acid (7BAO) abbreviated as MM + 7BAO & p-n dodecyloxy (12BAO) benzoic acid abbreviated as MM + 12BAO. Five binary mixtures are obtained as the molar proportion of the precursor mesogens that varies in odd steps from 0.1 to 0.9. Spectral, optical and thermal investigations of the five binary mixtures are carried out thoroughly for analyzing the mesogenic behaviors that apt the binary mixtures for appropriate applicational utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the use of microwave irradiation in the synthesis of bis(cyclo carbonate) compounds (BCCs) in bulk (without solvent) from carbon dioxide capture using an epoxidized compound—a commercial epoxy resin—and compares this process to the conventional method. CO2 cycloaddition to epoxides is an ecological and efficient method for the formation of bis(cyclic carbonates). Moreover, the introduction of gas into the reaction mixture was carried out at atmospheric pressure with a controlled flow rate, which is advantageous from an economic point of view. Progressive structural changes and the presence of characteristic chemical groups were monitored using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform. The obtained crude products were purified to obtain three fractions, which were subjected to detailed structural analysis using FT-IR and 13CNMR. The formation of the main product with two cyclic carbonates was confirmed. The presence of monomers, dimers and trimers in individual fractions as well as their thermal stability were determined, and the molecular masses in individual fractions were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural and thermal characterization of milled wood lignin (MWL) prepared from bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) grown in Korea was investigated, and the results were compared with bamboo MWLs from other studies. The C9 formula of the bamboo MWL was C9H7.76O3.23N0.02 (OCH3)1.41. The Mw and Mn of MWL were 13,000 and 4400 Da, respectively, which resulted in a polydispersity index (PDI) of 3.0. The PDI of the prepared MWL was higher than other bamboo MWLs (1.3–2.2), suggesting a broader molecular weight distribution. The structural features of MWL were elucidated using FT-IR spectroscopy and NMR techniques (1H, 13C, HSQC, 31P NMR), which indicate that MWL is of the HGS-type lignin. The major lignin linkages (β-O-4, β-β, β-5) were not different from other bamboo MWLs. The syringyl/guaiacyl ratio, determined from 1H NMR, was calculated as 0.89. 31P NMR revealed variations in hydroxyl content, with a higher aliphatic hydroxyl content in MWL compared to other bamboo MWLs. Thermal properties were investigated through TGA, DSC, and pyrolysis-GC/MS spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The DTGmax of MWL under inert conditions was 287 °C, and the Tg of MWL was 159 °C. Py-GC/MS at 675 °C revealed a syringyl, guaiacyl, p-hydroxyphenyl composition of 17:37:47. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Microencapsulation of PCM with SiO 2 by Sol-gel process. • PCM@SiO2 incorporation effectively reduced concrete pavement surface temperatures, crucial for urban heat management. • Up to 30% PCM@SiO2 replacement maintained concrete strength within Indian standards, suitable for construction use. • Enhanced thermal energy storage capabilities were observed with increased PCM@SiO2 content. This study investigates the potential of enhancing thermal performance in pavement concrete by integrating microencapsulated phase change materials (PCM@SiO 2) using a Sol-gel process for encapsulation. With a concentration range from 0% to 20% in 5% increments, the effects of PCM@SiO 2 on both the mechanical strength and thermal performance of concrete were evaluated. Although the addition of PCM@SiO 2 resulted in a compromise in mechanical strength, significant improvements in thermal performance were observed, demonstrating a promising approach to mitigating temperature stresses and the urban heat island effect in pavement construction. This balance between mechanical and thermal properties underscores the potential of PCM incorporation as a strategic material choice for innovative urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of bio-based building materials is a sustainable opportunity to reduce the environmental footprint associated with the construction sector. The achievement of this objective is primely achieved through the valorisation of vegetable waste, resulting in a reduction in the use of primary source material and waste generation. Within the scope of this study, the focus is directed towards research concerning the thermal, acoustic, and fire behaviour properties of bio-based building materials. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis encompassing all documents meeting these criteria within the Scopus database, spanning two decades, from 2003 to 2023. The comprehensive analysis covered a total of 1081 documents, which were analysed. This analysis furnishes insight into various facets, including the temporal evolution of publications, journals boasting the highest publication counts and impact, influential research areas, countries with substantial contributions and their collaborative patterns, noteworthy affiliations, prolific authors, and seminal documents, alongside recurrent keywords. The objective of this comprehensive study is to provide a detailed analysis of the documents published up to the present day, in order to identify research gaps and potential opportunities in this field, to assist new researchers interested in the subject. The analysis reveals that bio-based building materials have gained substantial attention over the past decade. With each passing year, the published documents have increased their impact and become more specific, underscoring the growing importance of this subject. This evolution has also fostered a broader network of researchers engaged in this field. However, it is noteworthy that the characterization of these materials focuses predominantly on their thermal properties, while research avenues related to acoustic and fire properties remain less explored and present opportunities for future investigation. • This study contributes to identify research gaps and potential opportunities in the field of bio-based building materials. • Studies in bio-based building materials have shown an annual growth of the 25% since 2014, being a topic on the rise. • France and China are the countries with the highest scientific publication on bio-based building materials. • Keywords play a crucial role in making visible the research within bio-based building materials. • "Thermal Conductivity" and "Thermal insulation" are the most repeated keywords in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mn-based oxides were acquired by calcining the precursors of MnCl 2.4H 2 O, MnCO 3 , MnO 2 , and KMnO 4. • The phase formation was influenced by the temperatures (400–1000 °C) and precursors. • The obtained phases were analyzed for their thermal and spectroscopic properties. • The nanostone was seen in the form of Mn 3 O 4 , while the nanorod-like shape was observed in Mn 2 O 3. • The Mn 3 O 4 phase exhibited a high NIR reflectance of 68 % in the solar region and 91 % in the color region. We examined how different calcination temperatures and precursors affect the formation of Mn-based oxides. The formation of these oxides was influenced by both the temperature (400–––1000 °C) and the type of precursors used (MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O, MnCO 3 , MnO 2 , and KMnO 4). When MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O was calcined at 800 and 1000 °C/3h, we obtained pure tetragonal Mn 3 O 4 phase materials. Calcining MnCO 3 at 600 and 1000 °C resulted in cubic Mn 2 O 3 and tetragonal Mn 3 O 4 phase materials, respectively. Heating commercial MnO 2 powder at 600 and 800 °C transformed it into cubic Mn 2 O 3 phase materials. At 400 °C, the tetragonal MnO 2 phase remained, but at 1000 °C, mixed Mn 3 O 4 and Mn 2 O 3 phases formed. Calcining KMnO 4 at 1000 °C/3h led to the formation of δ-MnO 2 materials. The morphological features of Mn 2 O 3 and Mn 3 O 4 materials exhibited different sizes and shapes, including nanostone-like, nanorod-like, and nanoflakes morphologies. The thermal analysis revealed significant differences in weight loss and thermal events, including exo and endothermic peaks. The Raman spectra and UV–Vis DRS measurements data support the formation of Mn-based oxides. The highest NIR reflectance for the various synthesized materials of Mn 3 O 4 phase indicates a reflectance of 68 % in the solar region and 91 % in the color pigment region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbide dispersion for reinforcement is an effective strategy to enhance the performance of tungsten (W). High-entropy carbides (HECs), when compared to conventional carbides, offer superior thermal stability, hardness, mechanical strength, creep resistance, and wear resistance. This study represents the first successful incorporation of (HfNbTaZr)C as a reinforcing phase into a W matrix, resulting in the formation of a W-HEC alloy. Compared to other carbides such as ZrC, HEC demonstrates improved coherency with the W matrix, resulting in a significant increase in plasticity and enhanced high-temperature stability. This innovative approach paves the way for alloy design in high-temperature applications such as nuclear fusion, providing fresh insights into the enhancement of mechanical properties and thermal stability. • A (HfNbTaZr)C HEC has been synthesized, for the first time, incorporated as a reinforcing phase into the W matrix. • The mismatch between HEC(200) and W(110) is 0.018, smaller than the W-ZrC alloy, indicating better coherence with the W matrix. • The W-HEC demonstrates outstanding plasticity at 600 °C, displaying total elongation of 33.0%, surpassing other W alloys. • The W-HEC hardness decreases is less than the W-ZrC after annealing at 1800 °C, demonstrating superior thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is an emerging eco-friendly approach for recovering protein from broken black beans (BBB). This investigation explored the thermal and structural characteristics of BBB protein fractions recovered via PLE compared to the emerging technologies of ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extractions (UAE and MAE) and conventional heating-stirring extraction (HSE) using water and alkaline water (pH 9.0) as solvents. Alkaline water extractions exhibited superior protein yields and purity, resulting in protein aggregates of smaller sizes (<150 nm) in the BBB protein concentrates recovered by PLE and UAE. In comparison, larger aggregates of protein flour were formed when applying HSE (>450 nm), regardless of the solvent used. Nevertheless, heightened pH levels induced substantial modifications in protein conformation, reducing the denaturation temperature (T d) and enthalpy. β-strands and random coil conformations dominated the secondary structure, while α-helix was solely observed in alkaline PLE. The selection of the extraction technique had a pronounced influence on protein partial unfolding, leading to diverse protein profiles and properties. PLE (water) presented a viable and eco-friendly alternative for attaining protein recovery with high purity (86.7%) and thermal stability (T d : 78.7 °C, enthalpy: 207.20 J/g). BBB protein research advancements offer opportunities for sustainable and nutritious plant-based protein sources with global economic and social benefits. [Display omitted] • Alkaline water extraction enhances BBB protein yield. • Extraction technique influences protein unfolding and thermal stability. • Increased pH induces conformational changes in the protein, reducing T d and ΔH. • β-sheet and random coil dominate BBB protein structure; PLE (alkaline) shows α-helix. • PLE (water) provides eco-friendly protein recovery with high thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A hydrophobic Pba and a hydrophilic glycomonomer were polymerized. • The polymerization gave the corresponding water-soluble glycopolymer having Pba moieties. • Structural elucidation of the polymer was performed by 1H NMR. • The thermal property of the polymers was evaluated on the basis of TG-DTA measurement. • Uv–vis spectroscopic analysis of the polymer showed the characteristic absorption due to Pba. The first trial of incorporation of pheophorbide a (Pba) into a synthetic glycopolymer giving water-soluble ability was carried out, and the polymerization reaction of each monomer proceeded in DMSO to afford the desired glycopolymer having Pba side chains. Characterization of the polymer was performed by means of spectroscopic analyses and thermal studies, and the results supported the desired macromolecular architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La(Fe,Si) 13 alloys are prone to display burst-like phenomena at their first-order ferromagnetic transition, such as a latent heat decomposed into a succession of heat flux avalanches. For some extreme cases, these phenomena are so pronounced that they can yield recalescence/antirecalescence events. It turns out that these features are also highly sensitive to the technical specificities of the employed measurement systems. Here, we compare the thermal events at the first-order magnetic transition of LaFe 11.4 Si 1.31 Co 0.29 using magnetization, two differential scanning calorimeters and a thermometry probe specially designed for the present study. These techniques are complementary to each other, and allow to make a distinction between the properties influenced by thermal coupling and those more intrinsic to the compound or to the sample. A simple thermal model is built to account for the thermal lags in the different devices, and to provide insights into the dependence of the duration of the transition on the thermal sweep rate. Looking in closer detail at the development of the transition, we found evidence of a rate independent initial regime, followed by a second one along which the same shape of temporal profile is spread over a more or less long duration depending on the sweep rate. Possible underlying mechanisms corresponding to these regimes are discussed. [Display omitted] • Comparative study including rarely considered Tzero DSC and thermometry probes. • A thermal model describes the complex dependency of transition duration on sweeping rate. • Detailed thermometry measurements confirm the reproducibility of the transition path. • A rate independent initial regime is observed from DSCs and thermometry measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Based on the SDC-IC standard, a integral analysis of thermal mechanical properties was conducted using a combination of elastic and plastic analysis methods • In ductile damage analysis, local plastic yielding occurs in the inner tube, but the overall load-bearing performance of the structure is good. • In non-ductile damage analysis, the T-tube unit have the immediate plastic flow localization, but there is no the immediate local fracture due to exhaustion. • From the perspective of transient cyclic thermal hydraulic analysis, the results show that there will be no ratcheting. To verify the mechanical properties of the helium-cooled T-tube divertor, based on the thermal hydraulic optimization of the T-tube divertor, a preliminary analysis was conducted through a combination of elastic and elasto-plastic analysis. The results show that for the M-type damage mode, the T-tube divertor exhibits a small-scale plastic yielding phenomenon, but this has no effect on the overall divertor. The T-tube divertor has local necking deformation but does not fail due to immediate local fracture, and the T-tube divertor has no creep rupture. For the C-type damage mode, the plastic strain of the T-tube divertor is not accumulated under cyclic loading, but in the fatigue analysis, the life of the divertor does not meet the design standards and further optimization is needed. The conclusion shows that the optimized helium-cooled T-tube divertor has good thermo-mechanical properties, and the safety of the helium-cooled T-tube divertor unit can be guaranteed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Analytical evaluation of TRTs influenced by groundwater flow. • More physically correct results and 43–77 % better fits to measurement data obtained. • Cheap and simple alternative to cumbersome, expensive modelling. • Groundwater flow quantification from TRT results. Proper design of larger ground source heat pump installations, and borehole thermal energy storages (BTES) requires determination of on-site thermal properties of the ground by performing a thermal response test (TRT). The effective thermal conductivity is an important design parameter from TRT that is determined from the line source equation. The line source equation does not include advection and may give incorrect results when groundwater flow is present. This study describes the development and application of a new analytical equation where advective heat in fractured, nonporous rock is accounted for. Including advective heat improves the fit to the measurement data (1.2–77 % better) when applying reasonable values for the thermal conductivity of the ground. The new analytical equation is applicable to all TRTs. Previous studies recommend comprehensive numerical modelling of boreholes affected by groundwater flow. The equation proposed here is an analytical alternative which does not require modelling and is a recommended and cost-effective alternative when groundwater flow affects the thermal properties measured in a borehole heat exchanger in fractured rock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of polydextrose or plant proteins blend, as a drying aid in freeze-dried açaí pulp, was evaluated regarding stability by vapor sorption isotherms at 20 °C in a water activity range of 0.1–0.95, obtained by vapor sorption analyzer and by saturated salt solutions, and the enthalpic properties were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. The experimental isotherms data presented a good fit to the Peleg and Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) equations, açaí powder with polydextrose presented a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) type III, while the açaí powder without and with a plant proteins blend, type II. The freeze-dried açaí powders showed two endothermic peaks between −15 °C and 10 °C, probably related to linoleic and oleic fatty acids fusion. Fusion enthalpies of these peaks were lower when a carrier agent was used, which could be explained by a lower lipids content (25.0 J/g and 3.5 J/g for powder without the carrier and 12.0 J/g and 1.5 J/g for powder with plant proteins blend). The glass transition temperatures were between 49 °C and 58 °C, depending on the water activity, for powder without carriers and from 45 °C to 54 °C for the one with proteins. • The glass transition temperature between 49 °C and 58 °C for açaí powder without carriers. • The glass transition temperature between 45 °C and 54 °C for açaí powder with plant proteins blend. • Polydextrose as a drying aid reduced glass transition temperature with water activity increased. • Adsorption isotherms of freeze-dried açaí with polydextrose were BET type III. • Adsorption isotherms of freeze-dried açaí with plant protein blend was BET type II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary developments across automotive, aerospace, and military industries, there is an ever-growing demand for lightweight and robust polymer composites. In this study, a ductile epoxy resin, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), and silica nanoparticles were used to fabricate nano-fillers/epoxy composites and nano-fillers/silk fibers/epoxy hybrid composites through solution casting and hot pressing. Their mechanical properties and thermal characteristics were analyzed and compared, which show that: these nano-fillers can dramatically enhance the strength and stiffness of the ductile epoxy resin; however, this is achieved at the expense of its toughness and extensibility. CNT/silk fiber/epoxy hybrid composite has the highest tensile strength (81.10 MPa), Young's modulus (3.76 GPa) and impact strength (103.7 kJ/m2), while the CNFs-reinforced one exhibits the highest breaking energy (9.96 MJ/m3). These nano-fillers almost do not affect the thermal stability of the epoxy resin and silk fiber composites. In addition, the fracture modes of their reinforced composites were revealed by macroscopic and microscopic observations. • Reveal how different nano-fillers affect the mechanical behaviors of ductile polymer matrix. • Explore the optimal content of these nano-fillers in the polymer matrix. • Indicate nano-fillers do not affect the thermal stability of their reinforced composites. • Elucidate the composites' fracture modes introduced by silk fibers and different nano-fillers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high-power and small-sized electronic components requires the emergence of heat management materials with high heat flux. Hence, Ti-containing filler was used to braze graphite film/Cu high heat flux composites. The microstructure and forming mechanism of joints were studied, the influence of temperature on joint formation was analyzed, and the influence of graphite volume fraction on the thermal properties of the composites were discussed. The results show that the main microstructure of graphite/copper joints are Cu(s,s), Ti 6 Sn 5 and CuTi 2. As the brazing temperature increases, the carbide layer (TiC) that affects the connection gradually thickens, from <0.5 μm at 800 °C to 3 μm at 850 °C, which deeply improve heat transfer of composite materials. The tensile properties of composites also increase with increasing temperature, maximum tensile strength 31.94 MPa can be obtained at 850 °C. Furthermore, the composites are proved to possess high heat flux during process of heat transfer, and the transfer rate was 1.77 times that of Cu, 3.72 times of Al. The temperature rise test carry out in hot bench intuitively demonstrating that the composites have faster heating rate. Al used 197 s to raise from 25 °C to 50.5 °C, Cu used 140 s, while 76.92 % graphite-contained composites only took 75 s in the same volume and experimental condition. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]