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This study reports magnetic graphene oxide composite microspheres (MGO) were firstly synthesized via one step miniemulsion polymerization. α-FeOOH rods were then loaded onto MGO via a facile hydrothermal method to prepare α-FeOOH@MGO, which was served as the photocatalyst for the Fenton reaction. Subsequently, the properties of the resulting α-FeOOH@MGO were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, VSM and UV-vis DRS analysis methods. The influence of various parameters was investigated, such as dye type, dye concentration, H2O2 dosage, catalysts dosage and pH of MO solution during heterogeneous photo-Fenton processes. Under visible light irradiation, the degradation rate of MO, MB and CR could reach 99.96%, 98.47% and 99.97% in 40 min, respectively. Six cycle experiments confirmed that the α-FeOOH@MGO possessed a satisfied stability and recycling ability. In addition, the photocatalytic reaction mechanism was also revealed by the Mott-Schottky plot, band structure and trapping experiments of active species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]