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[Display omitted] • Novel fungal strain perform aerobically simultaneous removal of N and P. • The nutrient removal pathway was revealed. • Nitrogen dissimilation via heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification. • Phosphorus was mainly stored in extracellular polymeric substances. • Treating real domestic treatment indicates its stability and high efficiency. Fungi with multiple contaminant removal function have rarely been studied. Here, a novel fungal strain Fusarium keratoplasticum FSP1, which was isolated from halophilic granular sludge, is reported for first time to perform simultaneous nitrogen and phosphate removal. The strain showed wide adaptability under C/N ratios of 30–35, salinities of 0 %–3 % (m/v), and pH of 7.5–9.5. The maximum removal rates of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite were 4.43, 4.01 and 2.97 mg N/L/h. The nitrogen balance, enzyme activity and substrate conversion experiments demonstrated a single strain FSP1 can assimilate inorganic nitrogen and convert inorganic nitrogen to gaseous nitrogen through heterotrophic nitrification or aerobic denitrification. About 39 %–42 % of the degraded phosphorus was in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Orthophosphate was the main phosphorus species in the cell, whereas phosphate monoester and diester were in the EPS. The novel strain FSP1 is a potential candidate for wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]