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This paper firstly explores the method and monitoring process of coal SPC production quality monitoring based on IOT technology and simulates different control chart patterns using the Monte Carlo method. Then a control chart pattern recognition model based on PCA-PSO-SVM is established to downscale the collected data using the PCA method and quickly discriminate whether the control chart is abnormal or not based on the OC-SVM algorithm. By identifying abnormal control chart patterns, real-time monitoring of the coal production process is realized. Finally, comparative analysis and fault source analysis are conducted to verify the sensitivity and effectiveness of the monitoring method in this paper. The difference in methane concentration between the experimental group and the comparison group is less than 10ppm, CO concentration is less than 5ppm, and dust concentration is less than 0.05mg/m3. It shows that the method of this paper is very effective for coal production monitoring.

Background: Artemisinin (ART) analogs, such as dihydroartemisinin, arteether, artemether, and artesunate, all featuring an endoperoxide bridge, have demonstrated efficacy against schistosomiasis. Artemisitene (ATT), which contains an additional α, β-unsaturated carbonyl structure, has shown enhanced biological activities. This study aims to evaluate the anti-schistosomaiasis japonica activity of ATT and compare it with ART. Methods: We assessed liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice using hematoxylin and eosin staining and Sirius red staining, respectively. RNA sequencing analyzed transcriptomics in female and male Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) adult worms and mice livers, with cytokine profiling and flow cytometry to study immune responses under ART or ATT treatment. Results: ATT exhibits a marked reduction in female S. japonicum adult worms and egg numbers, damaging the adult worms' surface. It also influences the transcription of genes related to cellular anatomical structures. Notably, ATT treatment resulted in significant reductions in liver granuloma size and collagen area, alongside lowering serum levels of glutamic pyruvic and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase more effectively than ART. Both ART and ATT markedly decreased neutrophil frequency in the liver and elevated eosinophil counts. However, only ATT treatment significantly reduced the M1/M2 and Th1/Th2 indices, indicating a pronounced shift in immune response profiles. ATT-affected host immunity correlated with the extent of liver fibrosis and the count of single males more strongly than ART. Conclusion: ATT, as a novel preventive strategy for schistosomiasis japonica in mice, significantly outperforms ART. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study published in Cell Discovery explores the potential of chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-M) in targeting cardiac fibrosis. The researchers developed a CAR strategy to direct macrophages to engulf fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-expressing myofibroblasts, which are associated with cardiac fibrosis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CAR-M cells effectively phagocytosed FAP+ target cells. In a mouse model of hypertensive cardiac injury, adoptive transfer of CAR-M cells reduced cardiac fibrosis and improved heart function. The study suggests that CAR-M cells have therapeutic potential for treating cardiac fibrosis, although further research is needed to optimize the CAR-M strategy and explore other phagocytic receptors. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Potentially modifiable risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been investigated in observational epidemiology studies in East Asian and European populations, whereas the causal associations of most of these risk factors remain unclear. Methods: We collected genome-wide association summary statistics of 22 modifiable risk factors in East Asians and 33 risk factors in Europeans. Genetic summary statistics of HCC were sourced from the Biobank Japan study (1,866 cases and 195,745 controls) for East Asians, and the deCODE genetics study (406 cases and 49,302 controls) and the UK Biobank (168 cases and 372 016 controls) for Europeans. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed independently for East Asian and European populations. Results: In East Asians, genetically predicted alcohol frequency, ever drinkers, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hypothyroidism, chronic hepatitis B, and chronic hepatitis C, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and autoimmune hepatitis were significantly associated with an increased HCC risk (P < 0.05/22). Among European population, alanine transaminase, AST, MASLD, percent liver fat, and liver iron content were significantly associated with a higher risk of HCC (P < 0.05/33). The replication dataset and meta-analysis further confirmed these results. Conclusions: Although East Asian and European populations have different factors for HCC, their common modifiable risk factors AST and MASLD for HCC, offer valuable insights for targeted intervention strategies to mitigate society burden of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the cold-starting problem and improve the intake and exhaust pipe temperatures of diesel engines under cold-starting and low- and medium-speed conditions, this paper proposes a twice-open control method for a hydraulic variable valve system. First, a hydraulic variable valve system that can realize a fully variable valve lift and phase angle is applied to replace the original intake system in order to meet the air intake requirements of different conditions. Then, a twice-open control method in which the intake valve opens two times at the exhaust stroke and intake stroke is proposed to improve the intake pipe temperature and solve the cold-starting problem. This paper contains a numerical work analysis. A GT-POWER model is constructed to validate the intake valve twice-open control method. The cylinder pressure, cylinder temperature, intake pipe pressure, and intake pipe temperature are obtained and compared between the original intake valve system and the hydraulic variable valve system with the proposed intake valve twice-open control method. The results show that the twice-open control method can increase the intake pipe temperature to 260 K or even higher, which can improve the cold-starting performance and the exhaust temperature at low and medium speeds. At the same time, the performance under low- and medium-speed conditions is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sepsis, an infection-triggered inflammatory syndrome, poses a global clinical challenge with limited therapeutic options. Our study is designed to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers of sepsis onset in critically ill patients by bioinformatics analysis. Methods: Gene expression profiles of GSE28750 and GSE74224 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. These datasets were merged, normalized and de-batched. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed and the gene modules most associated with sepsis were identified as key modules. Functional enrichment analysis of the key module genes was then conducted. Moreover, differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis was conducted by the "limma" R package. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created using STRING and Cytoscape, and PPI hub genes were identified with the cytoHubba plugin. The PPI hub genes overlapping with the genes in key modules of WGCNA were determined to be the sepsis-related key genes. Subsequently, the key overlapping genes were validated in an external independent dataset and sepsis patients recruited in our hospital. In addition, CIBERSORT analysis evaluated immune cell infiltration and its correlation with key genes. Results: By WGCNA, the greenyellow module showed the highest positive correlation with sepsis (0.7, p = 2e − 19). 293 DEGs were identified in the merged datasets. The PPI network was created, and the CytoHubba was used to calculate the top 20 genes based on four algorithms (Degree, EPC, MCC, and MNC). Ultimately, LTF, LCN2, ELANE, MPO and CEACAM8 were identified as key overlapping genes as they appeared in the PPI hub genes and the key module genes of WGCNA. These sepsis-related key genes were validated in an independent external dataset (GSE131761) and sepsis patients recruited in our hospital. Additionally, the immune infiltration profiles differed significantly between sepsis and non-sepsis critical illness groups. Correlations between immune cells and these five key genes were assessed, revealing that plasma cells, macrophages M0, monocytes, T cells regulatory, eosinophils and NK cells resting were simultaneously and significantly associated with more than two key genes. Conclusion: This study suggests a critical role of LTF, LCN2, ELANE, MPO and CEACAM8 in sepsis and may provide potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As is well known, differential algebraic equations (DAEs), which are able to describe dynamic changes and underlying constraints, have been widely applied in engineering fields such as fluid dynamics, multi-body dynamics, mechanical systems, and control theory. In practical physical modeling within these domains, the systems often generate high-index DAEs. Classical implicit numerical methods typically result in varying order reduction of numerical accuracy when solving high-index systems. Recently, the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have gained attention for solving DAE systems. However, it faces challenges like the inability to directly solve high-index systems, lower predictive accuracy, and weaker generalization capabilities. In this paper, we propose a PINN computational framework, combined Radau IIA numerical method with an improved fully connected neural network structure, to directly solve high-index DAEs. Furthermore, we employ a domain decomposition strategy to enhance solution accuracy. We conduct numerical experiments with two classical high-index systems as illustrative examples, investigating how different orders and time-step sizes of the Radau IIA method affect the accuracy of neural network solutions. For different time-step sizes, the experimental results indicate that utilizing a 5th-order Radau IIA method in the PINN achieves a high level of system accuracy and stability. Specifically, the absolute errors for all differential variables remain as low as 10 − 6 , and the absolute errors for algebraic variables are maintained at 10 − 5 . Therefore, our method exhibits excellent computational accuracy and strong generalization capabilities, providing a feasible approach for the high-precision solution of larger-scale DAEs with higher indices or challenging high-dimensional partial differential algebraic equation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atrial fibrillation and flutter, collectively referred to as AF/AFL, pose substantial public health challenges across nations of different economic statuses., Abjective: This research is intended to assess the discrepancies in global, regional, and national trends in DALYs for atrial fibrillation and flutter throughout 1990 and 2019., Methods: The GBD 2019 report included statistics on AF/AFL. An age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to calculate the changes in DALYs from ages 30 to 34 years up to 95 + years. The model calculated both net drifts and local drifts in DALYs. In addition, we analysed the relative risks for certain time periods and birth cohorts from 1990 to 2019 in order to assess their impact. In order to measure the changes over time in the age-standardized rate (ASR) of DALYs caused by AF/AFL, we calculated the average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) based on age, gender, socio-demographic index (SDI), and location. This approach enables us to analyse the impact of age, period, and cohort on trends in DALYs, which may uncover disparities in the management of AF/AFL., Results: The global number of DALYs cases was 8,393,635 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 6,693,987 to 10,541,461], indicating a 121.6% rise (95% UI: 111.5 to 132.0) compared to 1990. From 1990 to 2019, the worldwide ASR of DALYs decreased by 2.61% (95% UI -6.9 to 1.3). However, the other SDI quintiles, except for high SDI and high-middle SDI, had an increase. During the last three decades, high-income nations in the Asia Pacific region had the most significant reduction in ASR of DALYs, whereas Central Asia experienced the highest rise (with a net drift of -0.9% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): -1.0 to -0.9] and 0.6% [95% CI: 0.5 to 0.7], respectively). Approximately 50% of the burden of AF/AFL has been transferred from areas with high and high-middle SDI to those with lower SDI. There was an inverse relationship between the AAPC and the SDI. In addition, men and older individuals were shown to have a greater burden of AF/AFL DALYs., Conclusion: The findings of this research demonstrate that the worldwide impact of AF/AFL remains significant and increasing, with the burden differing depending on SDI. The exhaustive and comparable estimates provided by these results may contribute to international efforts to attain equitable AF/AFL control., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Tang, Zhang, Peng, Li, Hu, Hao, Liu, Sun, Cao, Yin, Liu and Xu.)

Regioselective C-H functionalization of pyridines remains a persistent challenge due to their inherent electronically deficient properties. In this report, we present a strategy for the selective pyridine C3-H thiolation, selenylation, and fluorination under mild conditions via classic N-2,4-dinitrophenyl Zincke imine intermediates. Radical inhibition and trapping experiments, as well as DFT theoretical calculations, indicated that the thiolation and selenylation proceeds through a radical addition-elimination pathway, whereas fluorination via a two-electron electrophilic substitution pathway. The pre-installed electron-deficient activating N-DNP group plays a crucial and positive role, with the additional benefit of recyclability. The practicability of this protocol was demonstrated in the gram-scale synthesis and the late-stage modification of pharmaceutically relevant pyridines., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Quaternary ammonium salt bactericides are broad-spectrum bactericides often used in oral care products because of their high antibacterial efficacy, strong penetration, and low toxicity. However, the excessive use of quaternary ammonium salt bactericides may cause contact dermatitis, scalding poisoning, and even death. Existing methods to determine quaternary ammonium salt bactericides are unable to meet current requirements owing to the lack of determination components. Therefore, establishing a simple and accurate method for the simultaneous detection of more quaternary ammonium salt bactericides is necessary. In this study, a method that couples sample pretreatment with high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) was developed for the simultaneous determination of quaternary ammonium salt bactericides in oral care products, including dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, N -hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride, trimethylstearylammonium chloride, stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, and docosyltrimethylammonium chloride. Some of these bactericides do not absorb ultraviolet light, so a universal evaporative light-scattering detector was used owing to testing cost and stability concerns. The paste samples contained thickening agents, which are highly soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents; these agents can seriously affect the results of sample pretreatment and damage the chromatographic column. Hence, sample dehydration was necessary. In this study, four dehydration methods were compared. Anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) was selected, and the amount of Na 2 SO 4 was optimized. Based on the solubility of the 10 target compounds and extraction efficiency, three extraction solvents were compared, and ethanol was selected. Ultrasonic extraction was the primary extraction process used in this study. The effects of different ultrasonication times, temperatures, and powers on the extraction recoveries were also investigated. Ultimately, the optimized conditions were as follows: extraction of the dehydrated paste and powder samples using ethanol at room temperature (25 ℃) for 20 min under 100 W ultrasound power, and dilution of the liquid sample with ethanol. After extraction, the samples were separated on an Acclaim Surfactant column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with 50 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution (pH=5.5) (A) and acetonitrile (B) as mobile phases. The gradient elution program were as follows: 0-5.0 min, 75%A-35%A, 5.0-15.0 min, 35%A-20%A, 15.0-20.0 min, 20%A, 20.0-21.0 min, 20%A-75%A, 21.0-25.0 min, 75%A. An external standard method was used for quantitative determination. The 10 compounds were analyzed within 25 min. Linear equations, correlation coefficients, and linear ranges were obtained by analyzing a series of mixed standard working solutions. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N =3) and quantification (LOQs, S/N =10) of the 10 components were determined. Stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and docosyltrimethylammonium chloride showed good linear relationships in the range of 10-200 mg/L, while the other compounds demonstrated good linear relationships in the range of 5-100 mg/L. In all cases, correlation coefficients ( R 2 ) of no less than 0.9992 were obtained. The LODs and LOQs were in the range of 1.42-3.31 mg/L and 4.25-9.94 mg/L, respectively. Ten analytes were spiked in blank matrices, such as toothpaste (paste), mouthwash (liquid), and dentifrice powder (powder) at three levels, and the recoveries and precisions were calculated. The average recoveries were 87.9%-103.1%, and the corresponding relative standard deviations (RSDs) did not exceed 5.5% ( n =6). The developed method was used to detect 109 oral care products. Benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride and stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride revealed high detection rates. Moreover, the amount of stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride in one toothpaste sample exceeded regulatory requirements. Given its advantages of good precision and accuracy, the developed method is suitable for the quantitative analysis of the 10 aforementioned compounds in typical oral care products. The study findings can serve as a reference for the quality and safety monitoring of oral care products.

To analyze the changing trend of CH and CRF values under different influencing factors in T2DM patients. A total of 650 patients with T2DM were included. We discovered that the course of T2DM, smoking history, BMI, and FBG, DR, HbA1c, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were common risk factors for T2DM, while HDL-C levels were a protective factor. Analyzing the CH and CRF values according to the course of diabetes, we discovered that as T2DM continued to persist, the values of CH and CRF gradually decreased. Moreover, with the increase in FBG levels and the accumulation of HbA1c, the values of CH and CRF gradually decreased. In addition, in patients with HbA1c (%) > 12, the values of CH and CRF decreased the most, falling by 1.85 ± 0.33 mmHg and 1.28 ± 0.69 mmHg, respectively. Compared with the non-DR group, the CH and CRF values gradually decreased in the mild-NPDR, moderate-NPDR, severe-NPDR and PDR groups, with the lowest CH and CRF values in the PDR group. In patients with T2DM, early measurement of corneal biomechanical properties to evaluate the change trend of CH and CRF values in different situations will help to identify and prevent diabetic keratopathy in a timely manner., (© 2024. The Author(s).)