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Influenza A (H1N1) viruses are prone to antigenic mutations and are more variable than other influenza viruses. Therefore, they have caused continuous harm to human public health since the pandemic in 2009 and in recent times. Influenza A (H1N1) can be prevented and treated in various ways, such as direct inhibition of the virus and regulation of human immunity. Among antiviral drugs, the use of natural products in treating influenza has a long history, and natural medicine has been widely considered the focus of development programs for new, safe anti-influenza drugs. In this paper, we focus on influenza A (H1N1) and summarize the natural product-derived phytochemicals for influenza A virus (H1N1) prevention and treatment, including marine natural products, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and their derivatives, phenols and their derivatives, polysaccharides, and derivatives of natural products for prevention and treatment of influenza A (H1N1) virus. We further discuss the toxicity and antiviral mechanism against influenza A (H1N1) as well as the druggability of natural products. We hope that this review will facilitate the study of the role of natural products against influenza A (H1N1) activity and provide a promising alternative for further anti-influenza A drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multifaceted pathological condition characterized by the atypical accumulation of various metabolic components such as central obesity or excess weight, hyperlipidemia, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), hypertension, and insulin resistance. Recently, MS has been recognized as a notable contributor to heart and circulatory diseases. In addition, with increasing research, the impact of MS on tendon repair and disease has gradually emerged. Recent studies have investigated the relationship between tendon healing and diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and other metabolic disorders. However, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and various metabolic disorders often coexist and together constitute MS. At present, insulin resistance is considered the major pathological mechanism underlying MS, central obesity is regarded as the predominant factor responsible for it, and dyslipidemia and other metabolic diseases are known as secondary contributors to MS. This review aims to evaluate the current literature regarding the impact of various pathological conditions in MS on tendon recovery and illness, and to present a comprehensive overview of the effects of MS on tendon recovery and diseases, along with the accompanying molecular mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We perform dielectric and impedance spectrums on the compressively-strained ceramics of multiferroic bismuth ferrite. The subsurface-nanolayer quasipolarons manifest the step-like characteristic of pressure-dependent transient frequency and, furthermore, pressure-dependency fails in the transformation between complex permittivity and electrical impedance, which is well-known in classic dielectric physics, as well as the bulk dipole chain at the end of the dissipation peak.

Introduction: The objective of this case report is to provide clinical evidence that acute infectious wrist arthritis in children can lead to the rare condition of acute carpal tunnel syndrome (ACTS). This article discusses in detail the characteristics of infectious wrist arthritis complicating ACTS in children in terms of etiology, pathogenic bacteria, treatment modalities, and sequelae to improve the understanding of this disease., Patient Concerns: A 10-year-old male child presented with a 15-day history of swelling and pain in the left forearm, wrist, and hand., Diagnoses: Left-sided infected wrist arthritis complicating ACTS., Interventions: The child received emergency surgery and anti-infective treatment combined with regular rehabilitation., Outcomes: During the treatment period, the child's wrist pain and swelling gradually improved, and wrist movement was restored compared with the preoperative period. At 6-month follow-up, the activities of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the left hand were close to normal, and the flexion of the left wrist joint was slightly limited., Conclusion: In infectious wrist arthritis in children, ACTS is a serious complication that requires aggressive surgical carpal tunnel release to avoid median nerve injury in addition to anti-infective therapy., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Background: The pulsatility index (PI) derived from transcranial Doppler (TCD) assessment may represent the cerebral resistance and altered cerebral blood flow. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of the TCD PI in correlation with wire-based fractional pressure ratio (FPR)., Methods: This study included 33 patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic lesions of the extracranial and intracranial large arteries, specifically the internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery (MCA), vertebral artery (VA) V4 segment, and basilar artery (BA), all of which exhibited luminal stenosis ranging from 50% to 70%. TCD was performed prior to angiography in order to determine the flow distal to the lesion. We performed cerebrovascular angiography with a pressure wire to measure the FPR of vessels with stenotic lesions. Bland-Altman analysis and ordinal least square (OLS) linear regression were used to quantify the correlation between PI and FPR., Results: A total of 42 TCD data points were analyzed. At the TCD locations distal to the lesions, the correlation coefficients were no less than 0.90%, with almost all P values <0.001, which indicated very strong positive correlations; the exception to this was the distal TCD for MCA segment lesions (r=0.897; P=0.015) and VA V4 segment (r=0.964; P=0.036). The Bland-Altman plot demonstrated a small difference (0.003) between the distal TCD PI and the FPR, with an acceptable 95% confidence interval [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06-0.12]., Conclusions: The PI obtained through TCD assessment distal to the stenotic lesion exhibited a correlation with the FPR computed using pressure wire measurements., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://qims.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/qims-23-701/coif). Xi Zhao is an employee of United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. All rights reserved.)