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1. Oculomotor behaviors in youth with an eating disorder: findings from a video-based eye tracking task.

Author

Kirkpatrick, Ryan H., Booij, Linda, Riek, Heidi C., Huang, Jeff, Pitigoi, Isabell C., Brien, Donald C., Coe, Brian C., Couturier, Jennifer, Khalid-Khan, Sarosh, and Munoz, Douglas P.

Subjects
*EATING disorders, *ANOREXIA nervosa, *EYE tracking, *MENTAL illness, *DIETARY patterns
Abstract

Background: The oculomotor circuit spans many cortical and subcortical areas that have been implicated in psychiatric disease. This, combined with previous findings, suggests that eye tracking may be a useful method to investigate eating disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to assess oculomotor behaviors in youth with and without an eating disorder. Methods: Female youth with and without an eating disorder completed a structured task involving randomly interleaved pro-saccade (toward at a stimulus) and anti-saccade (away from stimulus) trials with video-based eye tracking. Differences in saccades (rapid eye movements between two points), eye blinks and pupil were examined. Results: Youth with an eating disorder (n = 65, Mage = 17.16 ± 3.5 years) were compared to healthy controls (HC; n = 65, Mage = 17.88 ± 4.3 years). The eating disorder group was composed of individuals with anorexia nervosa (n = 49), bulimia nervosa (n = 7) and other specified feeding or eating disorder (n = 9). The eating disorder group was further divided into two subgroups: individuals with a restrictive spectrum eating disorder (ED-R; n = 43) or a bulimic spectrum eating disorder (ED-BP; n = 22). In pro-saccade trials, the eating disorder group made significantly more fixation breaks than HCs (F(1,128) = 5.33, p = 0.023). The ED-BP group made the most anticipatory pro-saccades, followed by ED-R, then HCs (F(2,127) = 3.38, p = 0.037). Groups did not differ on rate of correct express or regular latency pro-saccades. In anti-saccade trials, groups only significantly differed on percentage of direction errors corrected (F(2, 127) = 4.554, p = 0.012). The eating disorder group had a significantly smaller baseline pupil size (F(2,127) = 3.60, p = 0.030) and slower pro-saccade dilation velocity (F(2,127) = 3.30, p = 0.040) compared to HCs. The ED-R group had the lowest blink probability during the intertrial interval (ITI), followed by ED-BP, with HCs having the highest ITI blink probability (F(2,125) = 3.63, p = 0.029). Conclusions: These results suggest that youth with an eating disorder may have different oculomotor behaviors during a structured eye tracking task. The oculomotor behavioral differences observed in this study presents an important step towards identifying neurobiological and cognitive contributions towards eating disorders. Plain English summary: Video based eye tracking is a promising method for studying differences between individuals with and without a psychiatric disease of interest. While some studies have explored oculomotor behaviors in individuals with an eating disorder, much remains unknown. The present study investigated saccades (fast eye movements between two points), eye blinks and pupil responses between female youth (aged 10–25 years) with and without an eating disorder during a pro-saccade (looking at a point) and anti-saccade (looking away from a point) eye tracking task. Individuals with an eating disorder made more pro-saccade guesses, had a smaller pupil size and blinked less before a trial started. In individuals with a restrictive type eating disorder (e.g., anorexia nervosa restrictive type), pupil responses may have a relationship with emotional dysregulation (poorly regulated emotional responses). Overall, this study represents an important step towards identifying oculomotor behavior differences in individuals with an eating disorder compared to controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. The human affectome

Author

Schiller, Daniela, Yu, Alessandra N. C, Alia-Klein, Nelly, Becker, Susanne, Cromwell, Howard C., Dolcos, Florin, Eslinger, Paul J., Frewen, Paul, Kemp, Andrew H., Pace-Schott, Edward F., Raber, Jacob, Silton, Rebecca L., Stefanova, Elka, Williams, Justin H. G., Abe, Nobuhito, Aghajani, Moji, Albrecht, Franziska, Alexander, Rebecca, Anders, Silke, Aragón, Oriana R., Arias, Juan A., Arzy, Shahar, Aue, Tatjana, Baez, Sandra, Balconi, Michela, Ballarini, Tommaso, Bannister, Scott, Banta, Marlissa C., Barrett, Karen C., Belzung, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Booij, Linda, Bookwala, Jamila, Boulanger-Bertolus, Julie, Boutros, Sydney W., Bräscher, Anne-Kathrin, Bruno, Antonio, Busatto, Geraldo, Bylsma, Lauren M., Caldwell-Harris, Catherine, Chan, Raymond C. K., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chiarella, Julian, Cipresso, Pietro, Critchley, Hugo, Croote, Denise E., Demaree, Heath A., Denson, Thomas F., Depue, Brendan, Derntl, Birgit, Dickson, Joanne M., Dolcos, Sanda, Drach-Zahavy, Anat, Dubljević, Olga, Eerola, Tuomas, Ellingsen, Dan-Mikael, Fairfield, Beth, Ferdenzi, Camille, Friedman, Bruce H., Fu, Cynthia H. Y., Gatt, Justine M., de Gelder, Beatrice, Gendolla, Guido H. E., Gilam, Gadi, Goldblatt, Hadass, Gooding, Anne E. K., Gosseries, Olivia, Hamm, Alfons O., Hanson, Jamie L., Hendler, Talma, Herbert, Cornelia, Hofmann, Stefan G., Ibanez, Agustin, Joffily, Mateus, Jovanovic, Tanja, Kahrilas, Ian J., Kangas, Maria, Katsumi, Yuta, Kensinger, Elizabeth, Kirby, Lauren A. J., Koncz, Rebecca, Koster, Ernst H. W., Kozlowska, Kasia, Krach, Sören, Kret, Mariska E., Krippl, Martin, Kusi-Mensah, Kwabena, Ladouceur, Cecile D., Laureys, Steven, Lawrence, Alistair, Li, Chiang-shan R., Liddell, Belinda J., Lidhar, Navdeep K., Lowry, Christopher A., Magee, Kelsey, Marin, Marie-France, Mariotti, Veronica, Martin, Loren J., Marusak, Hilary A., Mayer, Annalina V., Merner, Amanda R., Minnier, Jessica, Moll, Jorge, Morrison, Robert G., Moore, Matthew, Mouly, Anne-Marie, Mueller, Sven C., Mühlberger, Andreas, Murphy, Nora A., Muscatello, Maria R. A., Musser, Erica D., Newton, Tamara L., Noll-Hussong, Michael, Norrholm, Seth D., Northoff, Georg, Nusslock, Robin, Okon-Singer, Hadas, Olino, Thomas M., Ortner, Catherine, Owolabi, Mayowa, Padulo, Caterina, Palermo, Romina, Palumbo, Rocco, Palumbo, Sara, Papadelis, Christos, Pegna, Alan J., Pellegrini, Silvia, Peltonen, Kirsi, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Pietrini, Pietro, Pinna, Graziano, Lobo, Rosario P., Polnaszek, Kelly L., Polyakova, Maryna, Rabinak, Christine, Richter, S. Helene, Richter, Thalia, Riva, Giuseppe, Rizzo, Amelia, Robinson, Jennifer L., Rosa, Pedro, Sachdev, Perminder S., Sato, Wataru, Schroeter, Matthias L., Schweizer, Susanne, Shiban, Youssef, Siddharthan, Advaith, Siedlecka, Ewa, Smith, Robert C., Soreq, Hermona, Spangler, Derek P., Stern, Emily R., Styliadis, Charis, Sullivan, Gavin B., Swain, James E., Urben, Sébastien, Van den Stock, Jan, vander Kooij, Michael A., van Overveld, Mark, Van Rheenen, Tamsyn E., VanElzakker, Michael B., Ventura-Bort, Carlos, Verona, Edelyn, Volk, Tyler, Wang, Yi, Weingast, Leah T., Weymar, Mathias, Williams, Claire, Willis, Megan L., Yamashita, Paula, Zahn, Roland, Zupan, Barbra, Lowe, Leroy, Schiller, Daniela, Yu, Alessandra N. C, Alia-Klein, Nelly, Becker, Susanne, Cromwell, Howard C., Dolcos, Florin, Eslinger, Paul J., Frewen, Paul, Kemp, Andrew H., Pace-Schott, Edward F., Raber, Jacob, Silton, Rebecca L., Stefanova, Elka, Williams, Justin H. G., Abe, Nobuhito, Aghajani, Moji, Albrecht, Franziska, Alexander, Rebecca, Anders, Silke, Aragón, Oriana R., Arias, Juan A., Arzy, Shahar, Aue, Tatjana, Baez, Sandra, Balconi, Michela, Ballarini, Tommaso, Bannister, Scott, Banta, Marlissa C., Barrett, Karen C., Belzung, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Booij, Linda, Bookwala, Jamila, Boulanger-Bertolus, Julie, Boutros, Sydney W., Bräscher, Anne-Kathrin, Bruno, Antonio, Busatto, Geraldo, Bylsma, Lauren M., Caldwell-Harris, Catherine, Chan, Raymond C. K., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chiarella, Julian, Cipresso, Pietro, Critchley, Hugo, Croote, Denise E., Demaree, Heath A., Denson, Thomas F., Depue, Brendan, Derntl, Birgit, Dickson, Joanne M., Dolcos, Sanda, Drach-Zahavy, Anat, Dubljević, Olga, Eerola, Tuomas, Ellingsen, Dan-Mikael, Fairfield, Beth, Ferdenzi, Camille, Friedman, Bruce H., Fu, Cynthia H. Y., Gatt, Justine M., de Gelder, Beatrice, Gendolla, Guido H. E., Gilam, Gadi, Goldblatt, Hadass, Gooding, Anne E. K., Gosseries, Olivia, Hamm, Alfons O., Hanson, Jamie L., Hendler, Talma, Herbert, Cornelia, Hofmann, Stefan G., Ibanez, Agustin, Joffily, Mateus, Jovanovic, Tanja, Kahrilas, Ian J., Kangas, Maria, Katsumi, Yuta, Kensinger, Elizabeth, Kirby, Lauren A. J., Koncz, Rebecca, Koster, Ernst H. W., Kozlowska, Kasia, Krach, Sören, Kret, Mariska E., Krippl, Martin, Kusi-Mensah, Kwabena, Ladouceur, Cecile D., Laureys, Steven, Lawrence, Alistair, Li, Chiang-shan R., Liddell, Belinda J., Lidhar, Navdeep K., Lowry, Christopher A., Magee, Kelsey, Marin, Marie-France, Mariotti, Veronica, Martin, Loren J., Marusak, Hilary A., Mayer, Annalina V., Merner, Amanda R., Minnier, Jessica, Moll, Jorge, Morrison, Robert G., Moore, Matthew, Mouly, Anne-Marie, Mueller, Sven C., Mühlberger, Andreas, Murphy, Nora A., Muscatello, Maria R. A., Musser, Erica D., Newton, Tamara L., Noll-Hussong, Michael, Norrholm, Seth D., Northoff, Georg, Nusslock, Robin, Okon-Singer, Hadas, Olino, Thomas M., Ortner, Catherine, Owolabi, Mayowa, Padulo, Caterina, Palermo, Romina, Palumbo, Rocco, Palumbo, Sara, Papadelis, Christos, Pegna, Alan J., Pellegrini, Silvia, Peltonen, Kirsi, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Pietrini, Pietro, Pinna, Graziano, Lobo, Rosario P., Polnaszek, Kelly L., Polyakova, Maryna, Rabinak, Christine, Richter, S. Helene, Richter, Thalia, Riva, Giuseppe, Rizzo, Amelia, Robinson, Jennifer L., Rosa, Pedro, Sachdev, Perminder S., Sato, Wataru, Schroeter, Matthias L., Schweizer, Susanne, Shiban, Youssef, Siddharthan, Advaith, Siedlecka, Ewa, Smith, Robert C., Soreq, Hermona, Spangler, Derek P., Stern, Emily R., Styliadis, Charis, Sullivan, Gavin B., Swain, James E., Urben, Sébastien, Van den Stock, Jan, vander Kooij, Michael A., van Overveld, Mark, Van Rheenen, Tamsyn E., VanElzakker, Michael B., Ventura-Bort, Carlos, Verona, Edelyn, Volk, Tyler, Wang, Yi, Weingast, Leah T., Weymar, Mathias, Williams, Claire, Willis, Megan L., Yamashita, Paula, Zahn, Roland, Zupan, Barbra, and Lowe, Leroy

Abstract

Over the last decades, theoretical perspectives in the interdisciplinary field of the affective sciences have proliferated rather than converged due to differing assumptions about what human affective phenomena are and how they work. These metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions, shaped by academic context and values, have dictated affective constructs and operationalizations. However, an assumption about the purpose of affective phenomena can guide us to a common set of metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions. In this capstone paper, we home in on a nested teleological principle for human affective phenomena in order to synthesize metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions. Under this framework, human affective phenomena can collectively be considered algorithms that either adjust based on the human comfort zone (affective concerns) or monitor those adaptive processes (affective features). This teleologically-grounded framework offers a principled agenda and launchpad for both organizing existing perspectives and generating new ones. Ultimately, we hope the Human Affectome brings us a step closer to not only an integrated understanding of human affective phenomena, but an integrated field for affective research.

Published
2024

5. Estimating additional health and social costs in eating disorder care for young people during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for surveillance and system transformation.

Author

Obeid, Nicole, Coelho, Jennifer S., Booij, Linda, Dimitropoulos, Gina, Silva-Roy, Patricia, Bartram, Mary, Clement, Fiona, de Oliveira, Claire, and Katzman, Debra K.

Subjects
YOUNG adults, COVID-19 pandemic, EXTERNALITIES, EATING disorders, EMERGENCY room visits
Abstract

Copyright of Journal of Eating Disorders is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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6. Cortical thickness and childhood eating behaviors: differences according to sex and age, and relevance for eating disorders.

Author

Breton E, Khundrakpam B, Jeon S, Evans A, and Booij L

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Child, Adolescent, Age Factors, Sex Factors, Emotions physiology, Child Behavior psychology, Feeding Behavior psychology, Cerebral Cortex diagnostic imaging, Cerebral Cortex pathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Feeding and Eating Disorders psychology
Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated the association between childhood eating behaviors and cortical morphology, in relation to sex and age, in a community sample., Methods: Neuroimaging data of 71 children (mean age = 9.9 ± 1.4 years; 39 boys/32 girls) were obtained from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample. Emotional overeating, food fussiness, and emotional undereating were assessed using the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Cortical thickness was obtained at 81,924 vertices covering the entire cortex. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used for statistical analysis., Results: There was a significant effect of sex in the association between cortical thickness and emotional overeating (localized at the right postcentral and bilateral superior parietal gyri). Boys with more emotional overeating presented cortical thickening, whereas the opposite was observed in girls (p < 0.05). Different patterns of association were identified between food fussiness and cortical thickness (p < 0.05). The left rostral middle frontal gyrus displayed a positive correlation with food fussiness from 6 to 8 years, but a negative correlation from 12 to 14 years. Emotional undereating was associated with cortical thickening at the left precuneus, left middle temporal gyrus, and left insula (p < 0.05) with no effect of sex or age., Conclusions: Leveraging on a community sample, findings support distinct patterns of associations between eating behaviors and cortical thickness, depending on sex and age., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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