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Optimizing soil water and fertilizer management can benefit crop production and soil environment. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) are natural biostimulants with fertilizer efficiency- and growth-promoting functions. However, there are few application strategies of AOS in citrus production, especially in combination with water and fertilizer regulations. In this paper, a two-year field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of AOS (AOS 0 , AOS 2.5 , AOS 5.0) strategies under different moisture conditions (W 80 , W 70 , W 60) on citrus yield, quality, water and fertilizer use efficiency, plant growth and soil environment. The results showed that drip irrigation with 2.5 g L−1AOS 8–10 times under W 70 (W 70 AOS 2.5) increased fruit yield, the total soluble sugar and sucrose content by 11.93%–13.31%, 15.16–17.47% and 18.92–20.81%, and fruit potassium and water use efficiency increased by 51.09%–62.21% and 12.01%–13.34%, respectively, and the effect of increase was better than the application in W 80 and W 60. Citrus growth showed that net photosynthetic rate of W 70 AOS 2.5 were significantly increased after 4th AOS application, and that total root length, surface area, and volume also increased at harvest. Soil analysis showed that drip-irrigated AOS reduced the loss rate of soil water under both W 60 and W 70 , increased proportions of water stable aggregates >0.25 mm in the soil. The available potassium content increased significantly in the 0–20 cm soil layer but decreased significantly in the 20–40 cm soil layer, and soil cation exchange capacity also increased significantly in the 0–20 cm layer, suggesting that AOS may slow water and potassium loss under low moisture conditions. In addition, AOS also increased the organic carbon content and the abundance of Pseudolabrys which dominant bacteria associated with carbon and nitrogen. The W 70 AOS 2.5 strategy exceeded other strategies in terms of overall evaluation score and net benefits, reducing irrigation water discharge to the environment by 620–700 m3 ha−1. Our study demonstrated the good potential of AOS in improving fruit production and soil properties. • Soil moisture coupled with alginate oligosaccharide strategy significantly improved yield and quality of citrus fruits. • Soil moisture coupled with alginate oligosaccharide strategy significantly improved potassium and water use efficiency. • Soil moisture coupled with alginate oligosaccharide strategy improved photosynthesis and root growth in citrus. • Soil moisture coupled with alginate oligosaccharide strategy improved soil fertility and rhizosphere environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic halide perovskite-based compounds of A 3 BX 3 have been gaining huge attention during the development of high-efficiency solar cells (SC) in recent years. This paper, investigating the physical and chemical properties could unveil its further potential to be used as absorber materials in advanced multijunction photovoltaics. The structural, optical, and electronic characterization of different compositional compounds of A 3 BX 3 (A=Ca/Sr, B P/As, X=I/Br) perovskites are examined thoroughly to be used as absorber in high performance photovoltaics. The DFT study reveals direct bandgaps of 1.93 (2.60) eV, 1.58 (2.14) eV, 1.96 (2.63) eV, 1.58 (2.16) eV, 1.52 (2.30) eV, 1.26 (1.94) eV, 1.53 (2.32) eV, and 1.26 (1.96) eV at Γ for the Ca 3 AsBr 3 , Ca 3 AsI 3 , Ca 3 PBr 3 , Ca 3 PI 3 , Sr 3 AsBr 3 , Sr 3 AsI 3 , Sr 3 PBr 3 , and Sr 3 PI 3 perovskites using PBE (HSE) methods with optical absorption of (2−5)x104 (a. u.) in the optical region (< 3.2 eV). Subsequently, the potential of the A 3 BX 3 absorber has been investigated and analyzed at varying layer thickness, defect densities, and doping concentrations with SnS 2 electron transport layer (ETL) layer using FTO/SnS 2 /A 3 BX 3 /Ni heterostructure with current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics and corresponding quantum efficiency (QE) observation. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.52, 20.88, 13.66, 22.47, 20.83, 28.16, 20.77, and 27.32% were achieved in Ca 3 AsBr 3 , Ca 3 AsI 3 , Ca 3 PBr 3 , Ca 3 PI 3 , Sr 3 AsBr 3 , Sr 3 AsI 3 , Sr 3 PBr 3 , and Sr 3 PI 3 absorber-based heterojunction SC. Notably, the highest PV performance revealed a PCE over 28% with a V OC of 0.913 V, J SC of 35.75 mA/cm−3, and FF of 86.26% obtained in the Sr 3 AsI 3 absorber SCs. Thus, these detailed studies on the physical and optoelectronic properties of eight (8) different possible absorber-based configurations including their PV applications unveil the huge potential of A 3 BX 3 (i.e., Sr 3 AsI 3) and provide resources for the practical cell development of inorganic perovskites-based high efficiency SC over 28%. • The structural, electronic, and optical properties of novel inorganic cubic perovskites of A 3 BX 3 (A=Ca, Sr, B P, As, X=I, Br) were investigated in detail using FP-DFT. • The potential of A 3 BX 3 absorber has been investigated and analyzed at varying layer thickness, defect densities, and doping concentrations with SnS 2 electron transport layer (ETL) systematically. • The photovoltaic performance of A 3 BX 3 absorber based structure were investigated via SCAPS-1D. • The maximum power conversion efficiency was found 28% with V OC 0.913 V of, J SC of 35.75 mA/cm−3, and FF of 86.26% due to Sr 3 AsI 3 absorber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This response mainly deals with the scientific description of the comments on the structure of the published compound (Bi 1/2 K 1/2)(Fe 1/2 W 1/2)O 3. The newly designed (Bi 1/2 K 1/2)(Fe 1/2 W 1/2)O 3 compound was prepared using the solid-state reaction method. The ingredients were taken to satisfy the required stoichiometry/chemical composition to form a single-phase compound. The lattice parameters and structure is strongly affected by K and W doped elements. The structural analysis is supported by the results of other experimental techniques (dielectric study, Raman characterization, Hysteresis loop, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanocrystalline metallic bilayer structure can effectively enhance the strength of Cu alloy while maintaining excellent electrical conductivity. Based on the microstructure evolution of Cu/Ag alloy observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of Cu/Ag alloy with nanocrystalline metallic bilayer structure were established. The mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of nanocrystalline Cu/Ag-bilayer alloys were investigated at different temperatures. A mixed Hall-Petch (H-P) relationship was observed between the ultimate stress and the increased layer thickness. In this paper, the deformation mechanism changes from dislocation accumulation at the Cu-Ag interface to dislocation through the Cu-Ag interface. In addition, the data analysis results of elastic modulus showed an approximately linear decrease trend with increasing temperature, and the deformation mechanism shifted from dislocation motion to a combination of dislocation motion and grain boundaries (GBs) diffusion. These findings provide guidance for the design of high magnetic field facility (HMFF) water-cooled magnets and very large-scale integration (VLSI) lead frames. • The deformation behaviour of the nanocrystalline Cu/Ag-bilayer alloy at different thicknesses (4–6 nm) and temperatures (1–800 K) is investigated. • The layer thickness of Cu/Ag-bilayer alloy conforms to the mixed H-P relationship. The mechanism changes from dislocation pile-up. • As temperatures increases, the deformation mechanism transformed from dislocation emission to a combination of dislocation motion and the high-temperature softening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat treatment is necessary for GW63K (Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr, wt%) alloy fabricated by wire are additive manufacturing (WAAM) to improve the mechanical properties before final applications. Considering the unique solidification process and microstructure of WAAMed GW63K alloys, the heat treatment parameters must be different from the cast or forged ones. Thus, the present paper investigated the influence of solution temperature and time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WAAMed GW63K, as well as the aging temperature and time. It was found that the as-deposited alloy exhibited fine equiaxed α-Mg grains with an average size of 13 μm and few eutectic phase Mg 24 (Gd, Y) 5 around the grains. The proper temperature of solution treatment was 480℃ and the proper time was 0.5 h, lower and shorter than cast ones. After solution treatment, the average size of α-Mg grains almost remained the same and nearly all of the eutectic phase dissolved. To exert precipitation strengthening to a larger extent, we conduct aging treatment at 175°C, 200°C, and 225°C and draw their age-hardening curves. Besides, a superior strength /ductility trade-off was obtained peak aging at 200°C for 80 h, with the ultimate tensile strength of 337±8 MPa, yielding strength of 231±2 MPa, and elongation of 8.9±1.0%. This outstanding strength can be accounted for by the refinement strengthening of fine microstructure inherited from as-deposited GW63K alloy and precipitation strengthening from dense β′ precipitates with a remarkable plate aspect ratio. Besides, suitable β′ precipitates could support a favorable work hardening effect and compatible deformation capability. • The Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy with low rare earth content fabricated by WAAM has obtained fine microstructure. • The refinement of microstructure would be retained under an optimal solution treatment (480°C×0.5 h). • A superior strength /ductility trade-off with UTS of 337±8 MPa, YS of 231±2 MPa and EL of 8.9±2.0% was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been a great driving force for the progress of human society. The continuous development of electric vehicles, power grids, electronic products and other industries all have an increasing demand for high energy density batteries. The primary factor limiting the development of LIBs that have high energy and low cost is the cathode material. In the existing cathode materials, the Lithium-rich (Li-rich) cathodes compensate for capacity by redox reactions involving anions and cations, which have become the ideal cathode materials for the future LIBs due to their ultra-high specific capacity and energy density. However, the problems such as structural deterioration and lattice oxygen evolution during the cycle of Li-rich cathodes have seriously hindered the commercialization of Li-rich cathodes. Therefore, this paper has discussed the factors leading to the degradation of the electrochemical performance of Li-rich cathodes from the aspects of electron energy state and microstructure. Meanwhile, it also discussed the latest development in the modification and analysis of Li-rich cathodes including multifunctional surfaces, gradient doping and high entropy doping matters, in order to provide useful insights into the future preparation and modification of these cathodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

March algorithms are widely used in Memory Built-In Self-Test (MBIST) on-chip memory testing, providing linear test complexities that reduce the test time and cost. However, studies show that March algorithms with complexities lower than 18N have poor coverages of faults that have emerged with the advent of the nanometer process technologies and are more relevant to nowadays memories. New March AZ1 and March AZ2 algorithms, with 13N and 14N complexities, respectively, were introduced to provide optimum coverage of those faults and to produce a shorter test than an 18N-complexity test algorithm with a lesser area overhead, thus reducing chip manufacturing costs. This paper presents the implementation and validation of MBIST controllers that applied the March AZ1 and March AZ2 algorithms in a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. They were implemented in the Intel Max 10 DE10-Lite FPGA Development Board. A test generator was built in FPGA, as an alternative to the external tester, to provide test vectors required in initiating the test on the memory model using the implemented MBIST. The FPGA experimental tests demonstrated that they function correctly as the expected test sequences were observed. In addition, their fault detection abilities were also validated through tests on a fault-injected memory model, which shows that the implemented March AZ1 and March AZ2 provide 80.6% and 83.3% coverage of the intended faults, respectively, which outperform any other existing 14N-complexity March algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When gathering optical satellite pictures, light reflected from the surface due to water vapor, snow, fog, haze, and more tiny particles in the environment is generally seen as a gap in the propagation process. Haze has a greater number of suspended particles like aerosols and water droplets. These particles have absorption effects and scattering in the light. Although haze translucency grants a chance for image restoration, a well-organized and broadly relevant haze removal procedure for holding several hazes is quite an extensive provocation. To address this issue, this paper proposed an Optimal Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (OCLAHE) to capture further intricate features and patterns connected to haze, enabling more accurate haze detection and removal. The deeper network can learn complicated descriptions and recognize between hazy and nonhazy regions with higher precision. The proposed method is validated in I-Haze and O-Haze datasets, and its performance is quantified by various performance metrics such as MSE, SSIM, PSNR, WPSNR, and Running time. The experimental consequences demonstrate that the developed model performs better than other techniques and attains an MSE from both datasets as 0.0054 and 0.0051. Overall, the proposed model amends the accuracy and reliability of haze detection in images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a dynamic parameters lightning search algorithm (DP-LSA) is proposed for optimal operation management of electric vehicle (EV) parking lots (PLs) and distributed generations (DGs) in a microgrid (MG). The MG comprises distributed generation sources such as diesel generators and fuel cells. The batteries of electric vehicles parked in the PL are also used for energy storage. A proposed objective function combines operating, maintenance, and replacement costs, considering inflation, motivation, and annual growth. Simulations are done in two scenarios, and the proposed algorithm results are compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm results. Simulation results prove the better performance of the proposed LSA algorithm than the PSO algorithm in reducing the microgrid operation cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we construct a deep framework for full-reference image quality assessment (FR-IQA) by combining convolution and self-attention features; this approach effectively uses multiscale features to mimic the image evaluation in human eyes. We achieve the integration of information from local to global. First, convolutional neural network (CNN) and encoder of Swin transformer are used to extract multiscale paired features. Second, for each type of features, we fuse them after converting them to a fixed number of channels. For the fused features, we use the square of the difference between two pixel values at the corresponding channel positions to represent the features of the distortion degree. Then, we introduce a recurrent neural network (RNN) to capture the global features. Finally, for the two types of features, we use the full connection (FC) layer to regress two scores and then add the weights to compute the ultimate perceived score. By training and testing on publicly available FR-IQA datasets, experimental results further validate the superiority of our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]