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This paper aims at documenting and reconstructing the linguistic processes generating and substantiating the use of number systems, numbers in general, elementary arithmetic, and the related concepts and notions among the Kula people from Alor Island, Southeastern Indonesia. The Kula is a Papuan population from the Alor–Pantar Archipelago (Timor area). The name of their language, Kula (or Kola), corresponds to the ethnonym. The language is, currently, endangered and not completely documented. At the level of linguistic features, numeral systems and the terms for numerals from Eastern Alor exhibit, to some extent, unique characteristics, if compared to other languages spoken in other sectors of the island. Therefore, the Kula numbering system is not only significant at the lexicological and lexicographic level, but also represents the essential role of cognitive strategies (e.g., the choice of the base for the numbering systems and the visual representation of counting with the aid of actual 'objects', like hands and fingers) in the coinage of numerical terms among the local speakers. Indeed, the development of numeral systems reflects the evolution of human language and the ability of humans to construct abstract numerical concepts. The way numerals are encoded and expressed in a language can impact the patterns according to which numerical notions are conceptualized and understood. Different numeral systems can indicate variations in cognitive processes involving notions of quantities and measurements. Therefore, the structure and characteristics of a numeral system may affect how numeral concepts are mentally represented and developed. This paper focuses on the number system of the Kula people and the lexical units used by the local speakers to indicate (and to explain) the numbers, with the related concepts, notions, and symbolism. The investigation delves into the degrees of abstraction of the Kula numeral system and tries to ascertain its origins and reconstruct it. Moreover, the article applies to the analysis a comparative approach, which takes into account several Papuan and Austronesian languages from Alor Island and Eastern Timor, with the dual aim of investigating, at a preliminary level, a possible common evolution and/or divergent naming processes in local numbering systems and their historical–linguistic and etymological origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of medicinal plant species is necessary to preserve medicinal plants and safeguard biodiversity. The classification and identification of these plants by botanist experts are complex and time-consuming activities. This systematic review's main objective is to systematically assess the prior research efforts on the applications and usage of deep learning approaches in classifying and recognizing medicinal plant species. Our objective was to pinpoint systematic reviews following the PRISMA guidelines related to the classification and recognition of medicinal plant species through the utilization of deep learning techniques. This review encompassed studies published between January 2018 and December 2022. Initially, we identified 1644 studies through title, keyword, and abstract screening. After applying our eligibility criteria, we selected 31 studies for a thorough and critical review. The main findings of this reviews are (1) the selected studies were carried out in 16 different countries, and India leads in paper contributions with 29%, followed by Indonesia and Sri Lanka. (2) A private dataset has been used in 67.7% of the studies subjected to image augmentation and preprocessing techniques. (3) In 96.7% of the studies, researchers have employed plant leaf organs, with 74% of them utilizing leaf shapes for the classification and recognition of medicinal plant species. (4) Transfer learning with the pre-trained model was used in 83.8% of the studies as a future extraction technique. (5) Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used by 64.5% of the paper as a deep learning classifier. (6) The lack of a globally available and public dataset need for medicinal plants indigenous to a specific country and the trustworthiness of the deep learning approach for the classification and recognition of medicinal plants is an observable research gap in this literature review. Therefore, further investigations and collaboration between different stakeholders are required to fulfilling the aforementioned research gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A constitutional deferral is an approach utilised by constitutional drafters so that the drafters do not regulate things in detail in the constitution. This approach is believed to provide more opportunity for the constitutional framers to achieve consensus in drafting a constitution. In the end, this helps a constitution last longer. Constitutional deferral also offers some flexibility for the legislative and the judiciary in interpreting the text of the constitution in the future, which may accommodate the original intentions of the constitutional drafters. This paper argues the opposite. In Indonesia, adopting constitutional deferral causes an uncertain future of freedom of association. This paper aims to address two central questions. First, why did the framers of the first constitution adopt constitutional deferral in drafting provisions on freedom of association? Second, what are the consequences of implementing constitutional deferral toward freedom of association in Indonesia? Through historical and doctrinal approaches, the paper concludes (1) that the sharp ideological differences among constitutional drafters when drafting provisions on freedom of association forced them to employ constitutional deferral. (2) The use of constitutional deferral opens more possibilities for inconsistent interpretation by the executive, the lawmakers, and the judiciary when they establish law or adjudicated cases related to freedom of association. Through constitutional deferral, these three branches of government limit freedom of association instead of protecting such freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is situated within the discussion of mega-urbanization, a particular urbanization process that entails a large-scale agglomeration. In this paper, our focus is on urbanization in Java, Indonesia's most dynamic region. We add to the literature by investigating the change and prediction of the land use/land cover (LULC) of mega-urbanization in Java. This research uses a vector machine approach to support the classification of land cover change dynamics, cellular automata-Markov (CA Markov), and the Klassen typology technique. This paper indicates that major metropolitan areas are still expanding in terms of built-up areas, generating a larger urban agglomeration. However, attention should be also given to the urbanization process outside existing metropolis' boundaries given that more than half of the built-up land coverage in Java is located in non-metropolitan areas. In terms of future direction, the projection results for 2032 show that the Conservative scenario can reduce and slow down the increase in built-up land on the island of Java. On the other hand, the Spatial Plan (RTRW) scenario facilitates a rapid increase in the LULC of built-up land from 2019. The urban spatial dynamics in Java raises challenges for urban and regional planning as the process is taking place across multiple administrative authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dialysis is a replacement therapy for patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Patients on dialysis are at high risk of acquiring hepatitis C virus (HCV), which has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. There is a wide range of prevalence of HCV in dialysis populations around the world. It is still unknown how prevalent HCV infection is among worldwide dialysis patients (including those undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis). A review was conducted to estimate the global epidemiology of hepatitis C in dialysis patients. We searched PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Global Index Medicus and Web of Science until October 2022. A manual search of references from relevant articles was also conducted. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the χ2 test on Cochrane's Q statistic, and the sources of heterogeneity were investigated using subgroup analysis. In order to assess publication bias, funnel plots and Egger tests were conducted, and pooled HCV prevalence estimates were generated using a DerSimonian and Laird meta-analysis model. The study is registered with PROSPERO under CRD42022237789. We included 634 papers involving 392160 participants. The overall HCV case fatality rate was 38.7% (95% CI = 28.9–49). The global prevalence of HCV infection in dialysis population group were 24.3% [95% CI = 22.6–25.9]. As indicated by UNSD region, country, dialysis type, and HCV diagnostic targeted; Eastern Europe had the highest prevalence of 48.6% [95% CI = 35.2–62], Indonesia had 63.6% [95% CI = 42.9–82], hemodialysis patients had 25.5% [95% CI = 23.8–27.3], and anti-HCV were detected in 24.5% [95% CI = 22.8–26.2]. Dialysis patients, particularly those on hemodialysis, have a high prevalence and case fatality rate of HCV infection. Hemodialysis units need to implement strict infection control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Batik has been the cultural heritage of the Indonesian nation since the 17th century. On 2 October 2009, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designated Batik as part of Indonesia's traditional clothing as Indonesia's cultural heritage. This research proves that Batik is an attractive and artistic ornament of ceramic jewelry products. This ornament can increase the selling value and storytelling of the product. Naruna is a local handmade porcelain ceramic factory in Indonesia with excellence in unique colored tableware and consistently trying to develop new designs in ceramic jewelry. Modern technology in computer-based virtual design and machining on dining plate tableware with the Batik Kawung motif is also applied in this paper to obtain a master design for ceramic jewelry prints. The design stage begins with selecting ornament patterns with creative methods to form a 3D CAD model of ceramic jewelry using artistic Art CAM. The optimization of computer-aided manufacturing-based to obtain machining strategy using the software. The software is Autodesk Power Mill, whose NC Code can be directly manufactured on a CNC router machine. This combination can speed up the production process time to meet the production capacity at Naruna and get detailed, accurate, precise, and consistent textures and ornaments, thereby meeting NCS consumer demand for ceramic jewelry products. The simulation results of the two master print patterns are 141 h, 56 min, and 46 s; the machining time is estimated at 153 h. This research saves about 11 h of time processing. The resulting NC Code can be appropriately processed on a CNC router machine with a Mach 3 post-processor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of sustainable geotourism as a post-mining land use alternative has become a popular issue in Indonesia. The geological and mining heritage will attract people with different kinds of interests and encourage the development of tourism. This paper analyzed technical, economic, social, and mine site factors that contribute to the development of post-mining land use programs. This paper focuses on the developing criteria or aspects that should be taken into account for developing the geological and mining heritage to integrate the environment of geopark in the future. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is applied to measure the importance of the aspect. The results show that the economic aspect is very important to generate sustainable economic development, followed by the environmental aspect and social aspects. The result of this paper is intended to increase awareness of people for geological and mining heritage as a valuable site for geotourism objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: This paper answered the research gap on entrepreneurial orientation with a sample of small and mediumsized enterprises' (SMEs) export performance and the mediating role of innovation capability and international networking accessibility that has not been tested in previous research. This study also tested the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on SMEs' export performance in the global market. The mediating role of international networking accessibility and innovation capability on SMEs' export performance also became another focus of this study. METHODOLOGY: This paper implemented a quantitative approach with 282 owners or managers of the SMEs brass industry cluster in Boyolali, Indonesia, who were examined using purposive sampling. FINDINGS: The findings of this study revealed that entrepreneurial orientation did not significantly affect SMEs' export performance but did significantly affect innovation capability and international networking accessibility. Another empirical test found that innovation capability had significantly affected SMEs' export performance and the international networking accessibility. International networking accessibility also significantly affected the performance of export SMEs. This study also found an important mediating role of international network accessibility and innovation capability in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and SMEs' export performance. IMPLICATIONS: This study contributes to research investigating the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on performance by conducting in-depth studies on innovation capabilities and international networking accessibility. Many studies have tested the mediating role of innovation capability and international networking accessibility. The practical implication of this study is that it can help managers or owners of SMEs better understand and find optimal solutions through enhancing innovation capability and international networking accessibility, which can be instilled in the characteristics of SME owners or managers to improve performance. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The results of this study indicate the mediating role of innovation capability and accessibility of international networking on SMEs' export performance. Therefore, the main contribution of the study is to determine the mediating role of innovation capability and international network accessibility in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance by integrating the theoretical perspective of the resource-based view (RBV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millions of Indonesian migrant workers have sought employment in Malaysia during the last three decades. Many of them are skilled and unskilled laborers, and their incorporation into the host society's labor market has the potential to improve their own quality of life while also contributing significantly to the country's economy. However, Indonesian migrant workers encounter numerous problems in their professional and personal lives. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the intercultural communicative competence (ICC) factors as one of the Indonesian migrant workers' strategies. This is qualitative exploratory research on the factors of ICC in the integration of Indonesian migrant workers into the Malaysian labor market. Focus groups were used to obtain data from 16 Indonesian migrant workers who had already successfully integrated into the Malaysian workforce as well as newcomers who were in the process of integrating into the local culture. In addition, interviews have been conducted with the 13 employers to complement the data from the migrant workers. The data was analyzed using rounds of deductive and inductive coding and analysis based on the five components of Byram's model. The findings suggest that practicing intercultural communication skills can help migrant employees overcome cultural difficulties in the Malaysian labor market. The Indonesian migrant workers and their employers also indicated that they have an advantage in cultural integration due to the cultural similarities. The paper discusses the implications of the findings in terms of ICC training offered to migrant workers themselves (culture and language) and to professionals who work with them, with the goal of facilitating and promoting Indonesian migrant workers' labor market integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The coffee agroindustry in Indonesia plays a significant economic role as the third largest coffee producer worldwide. Despite the high economic contribution, the coffee agroindustry also raises environmental issues along its supply chain. Coffee solid waste constitutes biomass containing useful compounds promising as raw materials for added-value products through the implementation of industrial symbiosis. Eco-industrial parks create value through industrial symbiosis, emphasizing the principle of a closed-loop production system, simultaneously decreasing the use of raw materials and waste. This study aimed to analyze and develop a coffee-based eco-industrial park design via a systems engineering approach and optimization of industrial symbiosis in closed-loop coffee production. METHODS: This study employed a case study in the Ketakasi coffee-producing center in Jember, Indonesia. Data collection was conducted through field observation and a series of in-depth interviews. The development of eco-industrial park design followed a systems engineering methodology, as demonstrated through the utilization of Business Process Model and Notation. Subsequently, the optimization of industrial symbiosis within eco-industrial parks was realized using a mixed-integer linear programming mathematical model. FINDINGS: The eco-industrial park design presents the actors, internal business processes, material and data exchanges, various actors' interdependence and critical roles in material exchanges, and value creation processes using valorization within the eco-industrial park. The role of the Ketakasi cooperative as a facilitator of material exchange and manager of the eco-industrial park is pivotal. The utilization of data integration enhances the transparency and efficiency of information exchange among eco-industrial park participants, promoting predictability and reliability in material exchange. The application of the mixed-integer linear programming optimization model has provided a structured approach to maximizing the value creation within the eco-industrial park through the valorization of 72.3 percent of coffee pulp and 68.5 percent of spent coffee grounds into cellulase enzymes and ultraviolet shields. CONCLUSION: This paper presents a structured framework for efficiently managing material exchange processes within an eco-industrial park, contributing to environmental sustainability and economic value creation. This study contributes to the knowledge gap in the literature by developing an inclusive eco-industrial park design that facilitates the optimization of the value creation process through valorization technology. This study also adds to sustainable agriculture management literature through a coffee-based eco-industrial park design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional insurance's earthquake contingency costs are insufficient for earthquake funding due to extreme differences from actual losses. The earthquake bond (EB) links insurance to capital market bonds, enabling higher and more sustainable earthquake funding, but challenges persist in pricing EBs. This paper presents zero-coupon and coupon-paying EB pricing models involving the inconstant event intensity and maximum strength of extreme earthquakes under the risk-neutral pricing measure. Focusing on extreme earthquakes simplifies the modeling and data processing time compared to considering infinite earthquake frequency occurring over a continuous time interval. The intensity is accommodated using the inhomogeneous Poisson process, while the maximum strength is modeled using extreme value theory (EVT). Furthermore, we conducted model experiments and variable sensitivity analyses on EB prices using earthquake data from Indonesia's National Disaster Management Authority from 2008 to 2021. The sensitivity analysis results show that choosing inconstant intensity rather than a constant one implies significant EB price differences, and the maximum strength distribution based on EVT matches the data distribution. The presented model and its experiments can guide EB issuers in setting EB prices. Then, the variable sensitivities to EB prices can be used by investors to choose EB according to their risk tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the last decade, there has been a growing concern to make palliative care more culturally sensitive and contextually appropriate. This concern is also relevant in Indonesia, where the progress of palliative care, particularly in home-based care, has been slow. Like elsewhere in the world, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of shifting from a curative orientation towards a palliative one, especially in cases where further medical treatment is futile. In this paper we argue that the development of palliative care practices would benefit greatly from learning about the values that are important for patients, families, and health professionals. It is important to understand these values to support forms of care that aim to enhance quality of life. To demonstrate this, we analyse the care values people in rural Java evoke in their home palliative care practices. Methods: We conducted an eight-month ethnographic study involving forty-nine patients, families, and health professionals. Results: We identified three specific Javanese Islamic values: making an effort (ikhtiar), being sincere (ikhlas), and being in a state of surrender (pasrah). These values influenced the participants' activities in a palliative care setting. Based on our findings, we suggest three strategies to incorporate these values into palliative care practices and to better facilitate palliative care's integration into Javanese Muslim communities. The first strategy is to include efforts to reduce suffering and improve the quality of life using the concept of ikhtiar. The second strategy is to foster sincerity (ikhlas) to help patients and families accept the realities of their condition and provide care for patients at home. The last strategy is to clarify that palliative care is not synonymous with 'giving up' but can be seen as an act of pious surrender. Conclusions: Our study identified three Islamic-Javanese values that can be incorporated to strategies aiming at enhancing palliative care practices, resulting in care focused on improving quality of life rather than futile attempts at a cure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of the social norm of intergenerational support to aging parents on fertility decisions in developing economies. The traditional expectation of receiving support from adult children in old age has historically been a significant factor in the decision to have children, especially in developing countries. The study develops a life cycle model that endogenizes fertility choices and incorporates the expectation of transfers from children based on the filial responsibility norm. We utilize household survey data from Indonesia to estimate earnings profiles and uncertainties over the life cycle, and to estimate the transfers from adult children to parents to indicate the current strength of the norm in 2000s. We conducted counterfactual experiments to explore the impact of the filial responsibility norm on fertility and found that a weakening of the norm could account for a significant proportion of the decline in the total fertility rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By 2050, the world population is expected to double, with the majority living in urban areas. Urbanization is a result of population pressure, often emphasized in developing countries. It has various impacts on all economic sectors, among which is agriculture through irrigation, which plays an important role in the production and sustainability of farming. This paper aimed to analyze the effect of urbanization on farm performance using a sequential mixed method. The data of approximately 80,053 farmers were extracted from the Indonesian Rice Farm Household Survey (SPD) dataset. A stochastic frontier was employed to analyze technical efficiency (TE) and its determinants, which consist of farmers' age, education level, climate change, land ownership, membership status, and pest infestation. The estimation results showed that the mean technical efficiency in both irrigation and non-irrigation rice farming was 64.7% and 66.2%, respectively. Although TE's achievement in non-irrigated rice farming areas was greater than in irrigated ones, rice productivity in irrigated areas was greater than in non-irrigated. All technical efficiency determinants have significant effects on technical efficiency. The estimation results also showed that rice farming in urban areas tends to decrease technical efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic early in 2020, English language learners could no longer learn from face-to-face interactions and had to adapt to online lessons. This paper reports a study that investigated their learning strategies during their online sessions. To achieve the objective, a survey was conducted with 257 university students who were taking an English course as a compulsory subject. Several questions in a questionnaire were designed to elicit their cognitive, affective, sociocultural, and interactive strategies. The findings showed that taking notes, attending recorded lectures, quietly observing online interactions, doing the assignments, chatting with their classmates, and utilizing internet-based lessons were the most prominent strategies. Their seemingly passive attitude seems to stem from the Asian culture in which they were raised. A reliable internet connection was seen as vital for their learning, playing games, and watching movies, which were the ways to relieve stress and boredom while studying at home. Chatting with classmates could give them a sense of community which probably helped them relieve stress and boredom. Overall, the paper offers insights into how EFL learners coped with difficult learning circumstances. Some suggestions for English teachers that are related to the enhancement of online teaching are then proposed based on these findings.

As humanity reaches the 5.0 industrial revolution, education plays a critical role in boosting the quality of human resources. This paper reports bibliometric research on emerging TiP during 1993-2022 in the educational field to analyse its development on any level of education during the last three decades. This study employed a Scopus database. The findings are that the trend of TiP publication in educational fields has tended to increase every year during the past three decades and conference paper became the most published document type, the USA is the country which produces the most publications; "Students" being the most occurrences keyword and total link strength. The publication of the TiP is ranked to the Quartile 1, which implies that a publication with the cited performance is a publication with credibility because the publisher has a good reputation. Researchers can find the topics most relevant to other metadata sources such as Web of Science, Publish, and Perish.

This paper aims to identify variables and indicators that are important to improving teacher innovativeness in Indonesia. The paper adopts quantitative research design and Scientific Identification Theory for Operation Research in Education Management (SITOREM). The study population consists of 145 Indonesian state vocational high school teachers. Four questionnaires (transformational leadership, organizational climate, self-efficacy, and teacher innovativeness) assist in the collection of data using survey techniques. The results show that teacher self-efficacy and innovation can be improved by implementing transformational leadership and fostering a conducive school climate. To improve the quality of educational organizations, this study recommends priority variables and indicators for policymakers.

Pronunciation is an area of language, which is easy to recognize and see. When a language learner makes an error in pronunciation, other people can identify the error easily. Mispronunciations are common errors that happen to English language learners in the Expanding Circle, in which English is a foreign language, like Indonesia. This paper deals with mispronunciations made by Indonesian language learners. The respondents were 14 Procedural Writing class students in an English Language Education Program at a private university in Indonesia. They took the course during the pandemic era. The classes were therefore done online, and each virtual class was recorded. These students were videorecorded when reading certain parts of texts in the course. The findings showed that the 14 students made some mispronunciations due to several reasons like habits of pronouncing words in Indonesian and a lack of knowledge of the ideal notion of native speakers' pronunciation. It is hoped that this paper can be useful for EFL teachers teaching pronunciation as well as for students who are still struggling with their pronunciation in their efforts to gain native-like proficiency.

Background: The pathogenesis of orofacial cleft (OFC) is multifactorial, involving both genetic and non-genetic factors, the latter of which play a key role in the development of these anomalies. This paper addresses the incidence of OFC in Indonesia, with a focus on identifying and examining the distribution of contributory factors, including parental medical history, pregnancy history, and environmental influences. Methods: The study was conducted through the collection of primary data. An interdisciplinary research team from Indonesia administered a standardized questionnaire to parents who had children with OFC and who had provided informed consent. The case group comprised 133 children born with cleft lip and/or palate, and the control was 133 noncleft children born full-term. The risk factors associated with OFC anomalies were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25. A p-value of 0.05 or less was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: The study comprised 138 children, of whom 82 were boys (59.4%) and 56 were girls (40.6%). Among them, 45 patients (32.6%) presented with both cleft lip and cleft palate, 25 individuals (18.1%) had a cleft palate only, and 28 patients (20.3%) had a cleft lip only. OFC was found to be significantly associated with a maternal family history of congenital birth defects (p< 0.05), complications during the first trimester (p< 0.05), consumption of local fish (p< 0.05), caffeine intake (p< 0.05), prolonged medication use (p< 0.05), immunization history (p< 0.05), passive smoking (p< 0.05), and X-ray exposure during pregnancy (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate close relationships between the incidence of OFC and maternal medical history, prenatal factors, and environmental influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite primary school teachers demonstrating strong preferences for using non-digital games over digital games to support mathematics instruction, much of the research review literature has focused on learning outcomes associated with digital mathematical games. To address this gap, the current systematic literature review focuses on non-digital, games-based, empirical studies in the primary mathematics classroom over the past two decades from 2003 to 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement was employed as a guideline for the data-collection process. The review presents an analysis and synthesis of 34 manuscripts, representing 32 distinct studies. Over three-quarters of manuscripts employed quantitative methodologies and around half qualitative methodologies, whilst studies focused exclusively on student, as opposed to teacher, outcomes. Despite Australia and Indonesia being comparatively overrepresented, the studies in scope were notable for both their geographic diversity and the eclectic range of game types and structures incorporated; although they did tend to disproportionately focus on number and operations, as opposed to other mathematical content areas. Moreover, the impact of mathematical games was generally positive across the broad range of outcomes considered, suggesting that mathematical games are potentially effective for both developing mathematical proficiencies, as well as improving dispositions towards mathematics. Future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subsistence hunting has sustained human populations in New Guinea for millennia, without seriously affecting the highest levels of biodiversity on Earth. Recent changes to hunting practices, demographic, social and economic context and the introduction of large exotic species has significantly altered the dynamic of hunting and its potential effects in north-west New Guinea. In this paper we examine contemporary hunting practices of six ethnic groups from highland to coastal sites throughout Papua and West Papua provinces of Indonesia. Semi-structured interviews were used to examine hunting practices as well as customary rules and attitudes associated with hunting in the region and how they have changed in living memory. Each group indicated traditional restrictions on at least one of target, tool, timing or tenure, albeit in varied ways. Six different hunting tools were used and each hunter typically combined several tools while hunting. Religious and cultural factors deeply influenced hunting practices among the communities. We discuss the implications of these findings and conclude with recommendations to integrate local, village level governance and customary practices with regional and national law for more effective conservation and management of wildlife in the region while simultaneously respecting cultural heritage and local ecological knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important component of new western land-sea corridor, the construction of Pinglu Canal will effectively alleviated waiting time and congestion costs and enhance the reliability and resilience of the regional maritime transport network in the post-pandemic era in particular. From the perspective of competition and cooperation game, this paper investigates typical transportation routes from the port of Jakarta in Indonesia to the port of Nanning in China from the key factors of the changes in freight volume and the evolution of profits and subsidies, considering local government subsidies, environmental costs, marine emissions and other critical factors. The results demonstrated that in the centralized strategies adopted by two transport route operators, as the volume of goods transported through Pinglu Canal increased, so the corresponding profits increased. The increase in subsidies also contributed to generating the volume of freight through Pinglu Canal, but the social welfare under the decentralized strategy adopted by both transport route operators was more effective than that of the centralized strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian zeitgeist to provide more checks toward the power of its executive organ to formulate and enter into international treaties and agreements during the infancy phase of the Reformasi era, which was spurred on by the international debt ballooning that they suffered under the leadership of President Soeharto, was somewhat undermined by the passing of the Law No. 24 of 2000, which effectively limits the involvement of the House in the formulation process of international treaties to which Indonesia would be a party to. This apparently voluntary weakening of the legislative's oversight function is caused by the understanding that the realities of contemporary international intercourse has resulted in the increasing need for the formulation and entrance into international treaties and agreements as expeditiously as possible. The WTO, as the manifestation of globalization and its byproduct, neoliberalism, plays a role in creating such a necessity, which in turn incentivizes the imparity between the legislative and executive branches of the Indonesian government. The focus of this article is its dispute settlement system, and how its strengths and its weaknesses, has created the incentive for negotiations and expeditious decision making outside of the system itself, which requires a considerable degree of latitude to be afforded to the party involved in such negotiations, the executive. The discussion in this paper delves upon works dealing with the theoretical implications of several aspects of the WTO dispute settlement system and a case study of the US-Clove Cigarettes Case, which perfectly demonstrates said implications toward Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Power outages and poor thermal conditions are common in emergency shelters. In light of this, a novel design for a solar-powered emergency shelter (SPES) with flexible photovoltaics is proposed and investigated in this paper. Firstly, the space and structure of SPES are designed based on ergonomic and easy open-and-close requirements. Then, considering the finishing strength of the building and the convenience and economy of the processing design, the construction of solid models using a 1:2 equal scale, and three double-top SPES were developed, in which internal roofs are canvas, polyethylene(PE), and polyvinyl chloride(PVC). Finally, measurements and ANSYS-Fluent simulations are employed for testing the dynamic fluctuation of the electrothermal performance of SPES. It is found that the maximum differences between the inner roof interior side temperature (IRIST) and the outdoor ambient environment temperature (OAET) for Sref, Dsc, Dpe, and Dpvc are 33.3 °C, 32.9 °C, 28.1 °C, and 25.9 °C, respectively, in winter conditions in China cold zone. The optimized design parameters of SPES in Poso City, Indonesia, characterized by equatorial humid climatic conditions, recommended that the air interlayer be 0.2 meters thick and the exhaust air volume be 0.3 m3/s. Mechanical ventilation coupled with evaporative conditioners can further reduce indoor temperatures effectively. This research offers a novel solution to the problems of indoor thermal environments and power outages for post-disaster resettlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responding to the Paris Agreement and climate change mitigation, Indonesia aims to reach net zero by 2060 or sooner. Due to Indonesia's dependence on coal and growing consumption, alternative sources of clean energy are imperative for meeting its rising energy needs and reducing energy-related greenhouse gas emissions to achieve the energy transition. This project aims to examine Indonesia's opportunities and potential to achieve low carbon ambition in the energy sector and identify alternative pathways for the energy transition in Indonesia. In this study, the open-source energy modelling system (OSeMOSYS), which is a long-term energy system modelling tool, is employed to compare electricity generation, investment, and carbon dioxide emissions between business-as-usual and five alternative scenarios. Six scenarios, including business as usual, least-cost, two coal-phrase out and two net zero aligned with national climate targets and optimal scenarios, were simulated across different target years. The results show that the net zero (NZ) scenario is more cost-effective and emits fewer greenhouse gases than the other scenarios in meeting Indonesia's future energy demand. However, achieving net zero by 2050 (NZ50) results in significantly lower CO2 emissions (10,134 MtCO2), which is less than half of the emissions in the net zero by 2060 (NZ60) scenario (16,849 MtCO2) at a similar cost (6229 and 6177 billion USD, respectively). This paper's insights emphasise that large-scale renewable energy deployment and coal retirement are critical pathways to reaching carbon neutrality and achieving the energy mix transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the limitations of using physical force in educating children in Indonesia. It examines the prevalence of violence by parents and teachers in education. Increased public awareness and concern for children's rights have made the use of violence in education a taboo. This research uses a qualitative method with secondary data using literature and analysing court decisions from the human rights perspective. This study aims to determine the limits of tolerance for violence and corporal punishment. The court decisions have been taken as the data to be analysed from various locations where decisions have been issued were taken into consideration to depict the similarities and differences in deciding matters related to corporal punishment towards children. This article examines historical, cultural, and religious factors that influence the use of physical force, including interpretations of Islamic teachings. This paper also presents arguments for and against corporal punishment as an educational tool. This research sheds light on the complexities surrounding the permissibility of physical force in children's education and the conflicting views in society, providing insight into evolving understandings and legal perspectives on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After years of preparation, the Indonesia National Observatory, located in Mount Timau, Kupang Regency, is currently in the completion stage of research in astronomy and astrophysics and related subjects. An optic telescope with a 3.8 m diameter is expected to receive its first light in mid-2024. A feasibility study for Indonesia's radio telescopes and networks is in progress. A single-dish parabolic radio antenna with a diameter of 20 m is proposed to work in a frequency range of 1–50 GHz. An array dipole antenna with an area of 100 m × 100 m will also be installed at a 70–350 MHz frequency. A feasibility study about system design is in progress, and a radio frequency interference (RFI) survey has been underway since 2014. In this paper, we described the design of radio telescopes such as parabolic reflectors, horn antenna, and the radio frequency interference (RFI) in the surrounding area of the National Observatory, covering the frequency band from 45 MHz to 18 GHz. The frequencies in 45–85 MHz and 120–360 MHz intervals are still relatively quiet and suitable for developing radio telescopes. The selected higher frequency of 1.4 GHz for a neutral hydrogen (HI) spectral line, 6.6 GHz for a methanol (CH3OH) spectral line, and 8.6 GHz for a helium (3 He+) spectral line is still relatively quiet and suitable for the development of radio telescopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing recognition of the potential vulnerabilities of major crop systems has spurred a growing interest in the potential of alternative crops which may be resilient to climate change and also help mitigate its effects. In Indonesia, such issues are particularly pertinent given that country's particular vulnerability to climate change impacts high dependence on agricultural livelihoods and varied topographies and growing conditions. Cyrtosperma merkusii (giant swamp taro) is a wetland plant which has historically formed part of food systems in the eastern Pacific. The plant has the potential to be cultivated as a source of starch on marginal coastal land and on peatlands with high water tables. The aim of this paper was therefore to determine site conditions that promote growth of C. merkusii and the macro and micronutrient status of the corms. Naturally, the size of the plants varied substantially among sites, with a neutral pH, and low redox and conductivity being strong edaphic predictors of corm size. Despite substantial differences in the soil properties of the different study sites, there were no significant differences in the macro and micronutrient content of the corms. Field trials showed that although the plants grew under dry land conditions, the plants grew bigger and yielded corms with greater concentrations of Fe, Mn and K under waterlogged conditions, indicating that a high‐water table is the best cultivation environment for C. merkusii. The nutrient content of the corms suggests that, although primarily a starch crop, C. merkusii could also increase the intake of Fe in populations where Fe deficiency is pervasive. We conclude that the wetland plant C. merkusii has considerable potential as a paludiculture crop in low‐lying areas of SE Asia as it was tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions and performed well when cultivated under waterlogged conditions without additional fertilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The primary concern of SRI in Indonesia began in 2009 along with the establishment of the Sri Kehati Index (SKI). Since its launch, historically Sri Kehati index has shown better performance compared to several major indices such as the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI), LQ45, Jakarta Islamic Index, and so on. However, the number of works of literature revealed that the majority of research focuses on the demographic of investors. While investigating related to the role of their religion still small. Moreover, the product of SRI in Indonesia has been established and the type of investor has been classified. Thus examining the behavior of Muslim investors is a necessity. Methodology - Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Then, the questionnaire was shared through an online form nationwide. 205 respondents were collected. Hence, partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to analyze the data. Findings -- The result revealed that socially-oriented investment, environmental-oriented investment, and religiosity have a positive significant influence on the intention to be a socially responsible investment. While financial-oriented investment has an insignificant influence on the intention to be a socially responsible investment. Moreover, religiosity moderates between socially oriented and environmentally oriented investment negatively. Originality -- The present paper contributes to the existing literature by giving new evidence of Muslim investor intention in SRI in Indonesia. Research Implications - This research provides some practical contributions for policymakers to enhance the infrastructures of SRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to test the Crowes Pentagon Theory of Fraud in detecting financial statement fraud and provide further explanation of the fraud indicators in the Pentagon Fraud Theory consisting of pressure, opportunity, competence, rationalization, and arrogance. (arrogance) can detect fraud in financial reporting in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017- 2021. The data used in this research was obtained from annual reports and websites of manufacturing companie. The sample selection technique in this study used simple random sampling to obtain 655 company-years. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive statistical and multiple linear regression analyses. The results show that the fraud indicators in the fraud pentagon theory represented by financial stability, leverage, ineffective monitoring, and director turnover, can detect financial statement fraud, while other indicators - auditor changes and a large number of CEO photos - cannot detect financial statement fraud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite numerous attempts to remove tariff and non-tariff barriers, the average number of barriers in the agricultural sector, particularly in the palm oil sector, is rising. Non-tariff effects are subjective, which makes them challenging to quantify. A new palm oil trade restrictiveness index that considers each trade barrier imposed on palm oil exports, such as tariff and non-tariff measures, is necessary to facilitate the sector's exports. Hence, this study aims to calculate the trade restrictiveness index (TRI) of palm oil and analyse its impact on Malaysia's and Indonesia's palm oil exports. This study uses a gravity model with Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation to analyse the impact of trade barriers on world palm oil export for a sample of 59 major palm oil importing countries from 2009 to 2019. The study revealed that each importing country imposes different restrictions on Malaysia and Indonesia. The TRI showed a negative and significant relationship influencing palm oil exports in the case of Malaysia, while a positive and significant relationship for Indonesia. The policy implications of this study suggest that policymakers in both Malaysia and Indonesia should take proactive steps to comply with every criterion demanded by the importing country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic zones can be powerful drivers of economic growth in developing countries. However, less is known about their distributional impact on the local society. This paper provides empirical evidence from Indonesian provinces on the relationship between economic zones and within-province income inequality. We apply fixed-effects panel estimation to province-level data for the whole of Indonesia, which we then complement with separate studies on the opening of three economic zones in three provinces using the synthetic control method. The results suggest that the above relationship is positive overall. The estimated rise in income inequality after a zone opens is, however, relatively small on average and may be short-lived. Moreover, the average estimate masks large regional differences, which suggests that the inequality implications of economic zone policies depend on local conditions. One possible explanation for the rise in inequality is that the unskilled population benefits disproportionately less from the policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The readability tools allow us to measure the readability of a text. The previous studies have elaborated the use of readability tools to analyze reading materials, but it is relatively sparse regarding the teaching of readability tools especially involving the second language teaching education (SLTE) program as a context. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the acceptance of pre-service English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher upon readability text tools. It covers their acceptance towards the tools, the extent to how the pre-service teachers accept the Web-FX and Readability Analyzer as readability tools and seeks for participants’ concerns using the tools. The study was conducted at one English Language Education Study Program at in East Java, Indonesia, involving 33 third-year undergraduate students taking pre-teaching program. Having incorporated a qualitative data analysis approach on the students’ text analysis reports and interviews, the study revealed that the participants have positive acceptance of the tools for several reasons. Some final concerns from pre-service teachers after readability tools teachings are presented, including suggestions for future research related to readability tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because batik is one of the most popular products in Indonesia, improving the supply chain system for batik products, for example total supply chain costs efficiency, will have a substantial and lasting effect on all chains involved. In the batik supply chain, it is common practice for each chain to have an independent policy, resulting in total supply chain cost inefficiency. This paper discusses the development of a mathematical model to optimise batik supply chain with a single-vendor multi-buyers and multi -products. The optimisation model was developed by taking into account the frequent lateral transhipment system in the batik supply chain system as well as the buyers' random demand fluctuations. In addition, the optimisation model takes into account imperfect production systems in the vendor that produce a random number of defective products on a periodic basis. To obtain the optimum solution from the dynamic model, an optimisation-in-the-loop simulation system based on genetic algorithms was then used to solve the developed mathematical model. The presented case study demonstrates that the proposed Genetic Algorithms (GA) able to reach a convergent point; thus, the proposed optimisation-in-the-loop model able to provide an optimum solution for the supply chain system under consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Perception is an essential factor influencing smoking among adolescents. Thus, a valid tool for measuring perception is a requisite in smoking studies. This study further establishes the validity and reliability of a Malay language version of the Perception Towards Smoking Questionnaire (BMPTSQ) for assessing the perception of smoking among secondary school-going adolescents in Malaysia. METHODS We administered the BM-PTSQ to 669 secondary school students selected through multistage sampling; 60% of respondents were male (n=398), and 69.9% (n=463) were from rural areas. Respondents were aged 13--16 years, 36.4% (n=241) were 13 years, 40.0% (n=265) were 14 years, and 23.6% (n=156) were 16 years old. We used parallel and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the domains of the questionnaire. In addition, we also employed EFA, confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), and Cronbach's alpha to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the BM-PTSQ. RESULTS EFA and parallel analysis identified two domains in the BM-PTSQ that accounted for 62.9% of the observed variance, and CFA confirmed the two-domain structure. The two domains' internal consistency scores ranged from 0.702 to 0.80, which suggested adequate reliability. CONCLUSIONS The BM-PTSQ has acceptable psychometric validity and is appropriate for assessing smoking perception and intention among Malaysian secondary school-aged youth. Researchers should further evaluate this tool's applicability in a more sociodemographically diverse population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Conventional (tobacco) and e-cigarette smoking prevalence is a growing concern in Indonesia. It has worsened as e-cigarettes complement conventional cigarettes, resulting in dual users, potentially causing an additional burden in terms of health. METHODS Our study is a secondary data analysis of the 2018 National Basic Health (Riskesdas) Survey. The sample is limited to respondents aged 15--64 years who either only used e-cigarettes (e-cigarette single users), only used conventional cigarettes (conventional cigarette single users) or used both e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes (dual users) in the last month. The sample size of the data was 174917 individuals. Our analysis utilized the logit and negative binomial regression to test whether the type of smoking behavior was associated with reporting to have a non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and multimorbidity, respectively. RESULTS We found that: 1) dual users are positively associated to report having NCDs, such as liver failure (AOR=2.38; 95% CI: 2.32--2.44), diabetes (AOR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.50--1.57), hypertension (AOR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.48--1.51), and gum diseases (AOR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.73--1.74) compared to single users; and 2) e-cigarette single users are positively associated with reporting to have NCDs such as asthma (AOR=3.11; 95% CI: 3.01--3.22) and diabetes (AOR=16.01; 95% CI: 14.57--17.59), and dental problems such as broken teeth (AOR=1.04; 95% CI: 1.03--1.06), and they have disease multimorbidity compared to conventional cigarette single users. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous control of the consumption of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes is essential. In addition, it is important to promote policies to increase the price of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes to reduce smoking prevalence and prevent dual users. Moreover, as there are negative health consequences for conventional and e-cigarette single users or dual users, the most effective alternative is to stop smoking, not switching products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Main Objectives: This research aims to explore and analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health status as measured by DASS-21. Background Problems: The prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy may have adversely affected mental health. A decrease in income and consumption and the uncertainties surrounding job security and business performance have been some of the main factors contributing to mental health issues. Novelty: This paper aims to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic—as a natural experiment—on mental health measured by DASS-21 and how the effect of the pandemic varied across different socioeconomic subgroups. Research Methods: We conducted an online survey across Indonesia to collect self-reported mental health status and socioeconomic characteristics before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to measure its impacts on mental health. Finding/Results: Our results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has had an adverse impact on mental health, particularly in terms of anxiety and stress. The effect has been higher among individuals with lower self-efficacy, lower expenditure, and lower education levels. Conclusion: The health and economic crisis driven by the COVID-19 pandemic affected individuals' mental health, suggesting the need for appropriate policy responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreak was first reported in Java Island, Indonesia, in 1926, which was then reported further in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. Nevertheless, the NDV is still endemic in Indonesia, with outbreaks occurring in free-range and commercial chicken farms. The dynamic evolution of the NDV has led to the further development of vaccines and diagnostic tools for more effective control of this virus. This paper discusses the history of the NDV occurrence, vaccines, the development of diagnostic tools, and the epidemiological condition of the NDV in Indonesia. Indonesia, which has the largest poultry population in the world after China, has challenges in preventing and controlling this virus that causes economic losses to the farmers and has an impact on the welfare of the poultry farming community in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Service quality improvement efforts must focus on the utilisation of resources for continuous quality improvement. The importance-performance analysis (IPA) method is useful in finding service quality items that require corrective action. This study implemented the IPA method to obtain items that should be prioritised in improving the quality of a hospital's clinical forensic services. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 284 clinical forensic patients at Bhayangkara Hospital, Pekanbaru, Indonesia was conducted. Self-administered and paper-based questionnaires, specifically the modified service quality (SERVQUAL)-based questionnaire, were used as the study instruments. Twenty-two service quality items were used as indicators and they were divided into five dimensions of service quality: i) reliability, ii) responsiveness, iii) assurance, iv) empathy and v) tangibility. The data were analysed using the IPA method. Results: The results showed that only seven items had a gap and a level of conformity that met the expectations of clinical forensic patients. Improvements in service quality should prioritise four items: i) providing a more private examination room for clinical forensic patients, ii) improving healthcare workers' understanding of patient needs, iii) improving the readiness of healthcare workers to conduct examinations and iv) enhancing the clarity of information about examination procedures. Conclusion: The IPA method yielded several high-priority items that need to be improved; therefore, the hospital must focus on improving the quality of clinical forensic services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology in libraries has played an essential role in serving today's communities. This study provides an overview of the integrated library systems/software (ILSs) used in libraries in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It aims to highlight the strengths and possibilities of ILSs and briefly explain their advantages and disadvantages along with the cost of implementation. The data was gathered from questionnaires sent via an online survey and from direct interviews with certain academic libraries over the period of 2019 to 2020. Fifty-three of 67 libraries that fulfilled the study have implemented an ILS. To deeply understand the application, a direct interview with some libraries was conducted to learn the advantages and disadvantages. The result of the study showed that the most used ILSs are SLiMS and INLISlite and other programs like Apollo, Athenium Light, Simpus, Spektra, Jibas, KOHA, and Openlibrary. The budget spent is an average of300 USD. While the ILSs have helped these libraries improve services, IT expertise and adequate resources are needed, especially when the systems present problems. An easy-to-use system that costs less will potentially be used in this area of research. This study will be particularly helpful for any library in Indonesia. These findings may also be generalized to libraries in other countries facing economic and technological similarities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Involving the global issues as listed in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in education is necessarily done in the education process, especially in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning. Exposure to global issues is known to improve students' understanding, awareness, and ability to solve urgent issues faced by global society. This paper aims to find out the trend of research on the coverage of SDGs in students' learning process. This systematic literature analysis was done by applying Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Method. A total of 25 studies were recognized through a systematic search by using Sustainability, SDGs, and EFL as keywords. The result shows that the trend of associating SDGs with EFL settings was done mostly in Indonesia. In the recent year 2022, it reached the highest number of studies in the particular matter with 7 total of research. It was also found that the study involving SDGs on EFL learning was mostly done in the tertiary setting, compared with K-12, junior high school, secondary, high school, and other educational institutions. It was also discovered that the specific area of study enhances EFL students' learning achievement, environmental awareness, global citizen values, as well as students' levels of self-norms, beliefs, and self-value.

The review article presents an analysis of the literature on environmental literacy in sustainable development. By utilizing techniques to examine multiple documents published between 2013 and 2023, including citation analysis, co-authorship analysis, subject area analysis, and keyword analysis, this study aims to provide valuable information and insights into the research landscape surrounding environmental literacy and its contribution to promoting sustainable development. A systematic search was conducted to gather several scientific articles, conference papers, and publications from the Scopus database from 2013 to 2023. The findings of this analysis shed light on authors, influential institutions, and active research groups that contributed to the study of environmental literacy and sustainable development. This comprehensive review offers an understanding of the state of research in this field while identifying areas for further exploration and research gaps. The insights gained from this study can be highly beneficial for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to advance knowledge and take action toward promoting literacy's role in sustainable development. This analysis is a foundation for advancing our understanding of literacy's significance while emphasizing its vital role in sustainable development efforts.

This study aims to examine the diverse strategies employed in apology and request, investigate the influence of cultural factors, social power, and social distance on these strategies, and explore the existing limitations and gaps in the literature for future research. Data collection is conducted using the qualitative technique. Qualitative content analysis is employed for data analysis. The SLR process provides a structured framework for analyzing various strategies employed in speech acts and investigates the impact of cultural variables and social distance on these strategies. Through the implementation of a predetermined review procedure, a total of 16 papers published between 2018 and 2022 were identified and analyzed. The findings demonstrated that many studies examined apologies and requests using different strategies and sub-strategies. Notably, politeness usage by Indonesian English teachers reflected social power dynamics, while linguistic strategies among Thai students and EFL learners were shaped by social distance. Thai study underscored the importance of cultural immersion, variations among interactants, and teaching factors in pragmatic competence. The PRISMA-guided systematic review effectively synthesized existing literature. The gaps, novel insights, and unresolved issues identified provided a roadmap for researchers to propel the field forward. This systematic review contributed a snapshot of current knowledge, charted a course for future investigations, identified gaps, and leveraged the strengths of systematic approaches.

Due to the mounting pressure to publish international publications, faculty members around the globe must take the initiative to upgrade their writing capacity through various methods, including participation in workshops and training, obtaining professional support, and joining learning communities. This paper focuses on our experience, three female teacher educators, of becoming scholarly writers for international readership through PROSINAR, an Indonesia-based professional learning community (PLC). We present the PLC scheme for establishing a platform for faculty members to (re)construct and develop their professional identities. Based on findings from a phenomenological case study framed by Freire's (1993) notion of dialogic encounters, we evaluate our professional identities as English teacher-educators while simultaneously constructing our identities as scholarly writers within our discourse community. We believe that in addition to being a platform for continuing professional development in the context of education, PLC has established itself as an emergent learning platform to improve faculties' research competence and develop their scholarly writing capacity.

Following the discovery of hominin fossils at Trinil (Java, Indonesia) in 1891 and 1892, Eugène Dubois named a new species, now known as Homo erectus. Although the main historical events are well-known, there appears to be no consensus regarding two important aspects of the naming of the species, including what constitutes the original publication of the name, and what is the name-bearing type specimen. These issues are addressed in this paper with reference to original sources and the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Our review confirms earlier studies that cite the published quarterly fieldwork report covering the 3rd quarter of 1892 as the original publication naming the species erectus. However, until recently, the correct publication year of 1893 has consistently been cited as 1892, and it has rarely been recognized that the author of the publication was anonymous, even though the author of the species is specifically named. Importantly, Dubois assigns all three hominin fossils found at Trinil up to that moment to the new species, explicitly stating that they belong to a single individual. The three fossils, a molar, a calotte, and a femur, therefore jointly constitute the original holotype. However, the femur most likely derives from younger strata than the other hominins and shows fully modern human-like morphology, unlike subsequently discovered H. erectus femora. Moreover, there is no consensus over the affinities of the molar, and if it is H. erectus rather than an extinct ape, there is no evidence that it belongs to the same individual as the calotte. Excluding these two fossils from the holotype, the calotte is the appropriate fossil to retain the role as name-bearing specimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have focused on generating seismic vulnerability maps for earthquake-prone areas, particularly in Indonesia. Building typologies are a key factor in determining vulnerability to earthquakes. However, conducting large-scale field surveys to determine the spatial distribution of building typologies in a city is uneconomical. This paper explores the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically detect building typologies from diverse regions in Indonesia, utilizing both conventional and automated building image acquisition processes. In this study, datasets from three distinct image acquisition methods are trained with four unique CNN architectures to identify the best-performing model to classify building typologies. The sample size effect on CNN performance is also investigated. The results showed that randomly sampled Google Street View (GSV) images are the most effective dataset for the CNN model, achieving an f1-score of 84.33%. Among the network architectures tested, MobileNet demonstrated superior performance on the majority of evaluated datasets. As the sample size increases by about 350% in the dataset, there is a positive correlation with up to 2.3% f1-score improvement. Using the best-performing CNN model, two building vulnerability models were employed to assess the spatial distribution of building damage in the urban area of Bandung, considering a hypothetical scenario of an M7 earthquake. Incorporating local construction data, one of the generated maps estimated that approximately 55% of buildings in Bandung would experience moderate to severe structural damage. This study showcases the potential of CNN models in automating regional seismic assessments and providing valuable insights for comprehensive seismic mitigation strategies. • A decision tree to label building typology objectively in Indonesia was developed. • CNN model trained with randomly sampled GSV dataset outperforms other models. • The CNN and probability model generated a city-scale building vulnerability map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly raised the amount of single-use mask waste in Indonesia. This research intends to assess the effect of single-use mask waste on the quality of loamy soil. The investigation involved constructing a prototype using a 28-cm high column of 19 cm of loamy soil. The study utilized single-use masks in the soil, in which Chili plants were grown on the soil surface. Clean water was employed for the leaching process over 45 days. Soil samples from control, R1, R2, and R3 reactors were analyzed in the laboratory using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) testing and microplastic identification in groundwater. The research findings reveal a notable decline in macro and micronutrients, namely a 1.22% decrease in silicon minerals caused by microplastics interfering with plant metabolic processes. The increase in microplastics caused higher microorganism mortality, leading to a 10.18% decrease in organic carbon content and a 1.47% reduction in soil porosity. Microplastics were discovered in the loamy soil of an average size of 0.3 ± 1.34 mm. Changes in nutrient concentrations and physical properties of the soil indicate that introducing microplastics into loamy soil through mask waste can alter soil characteristics. Additional research is required to investigate the disposal of single-use mask waste due to the ongoing high utilization of disposable masks as personal safety equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]