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Purpose: Most patient-reported outcome (PROs) used in thrombosis research and clinical practice are delivered using technology like online questionnaires. However, only few have undergone formal electronic adaptation from paper to digital versions, threatening the validity and reliability of the PROs. The present study aimed to perform an electronic adaption and cross-cultural translation of two PROs measuring health-related quality of life in a Danish cohort of patients with venous thrombosis (VTE), specifically the VEINES-QoL/Sym questionnaire and the PEmb-QoL questionnaire. Methods: The electronic adaption and cross-cultural translation processes followed the international guidelines recommended by ISPOR. The migration of the questionnaires from paper to electronic versions was conducted in the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). Following approval of the electronically adapted and translated versions, a pretest of the questionnaires was performed by cognitive interviewing patients with VTE recruited from a hospital setting. Results: Nine men and ten women between the age of 19 and 73 years participated in cognitive interviews. The questionnaires were successfully adapted from paper to electronic versions, and during the migration process only a few modifications to the content and format were made. Most comments were related to technicalities, e.g. touch functions and checkboxes. The cross-cultural translation of both questionnaires was satisfactory, as only minor rephrasing was required. Conclusions: The original and Danish version of VEINES-QoL/Sym and PEmb-QoL were successfully adapted into electronic versions and are ready to share for REDCap users. Furthermore, the Danish versions of the two questionnaires have shown satisfactory face validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While measures to detect psychophysical olfactory ability are a crucial part of clinicians' assessment of potential olfactory loss, it gives no indication of how olfaction is experienced by the patient and these different aspects often deviate substantially. To ensure quality and reproducibility of subjectively reported olfactory experience and significance, the Importance of Olfaction Questionnaire (IO-Q) was introduced around a decade ago, and while initial validations have produced promising results, important aspects remain nearly unexamined. For example, the test-retest reliability has rarely been examined and the difference of online versus pen-and-paper administration remains unexplored. Here, we translated IO-Q to Danish and examined its validity, test-retest reliability and mode of administration. A cohort of 179 younger, Danish participants with a high level of English proficiency took the test twice with varying time in-between. The first test was taken digitally and in English, while the second was taken using pen-and-paper and in Danish. The distribution of scores and the relationship between the IO-Q and subscale scores were nearly identical between tests, indicating little to no influence of language/test modality in the sampled population. The internal consistency was comparable to previously published results. Likewise, an acceptable test-retest reliability was observed for the full IO-Q and slightly lower for subscales. No significant effect of time was found across several weeks. In conclusion, the IO-Q performed satisfactorily in all examinations and could therefore serve as a valuable clinical measure of subjective olfactory experience, and its Danish translation shows highly similar characteristics to the original, English version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to address four interrelated questions: what is the prevalence of ageism amongst employers? What are the factors conditioning employers' age stereotypes? To what extent are ageist attitudes among employers translated into discriminatory recruitment, retention and firing practices? And what factors can moderate the stereotype–discrimination interaction? Design/methodology/approach: The paper draws on a survey conducted among Danish employers; 2,525 completed the survey questionnaires; response rate 25 per cent. Findings: The major finding is that ageist stereotypes among employers do not translate into discriminatory personnel management practices. Research limitations/implications: The findings may be specific to Denmark. Denmark is renowned to be a non-hierarchical, egalitarian society, which may have implications for personnel management practices. Originality/value: Contrary to this study, most studies analysing ageist stereotypes do not assess the extent to which stereotypes are translated into discriminatory personnel management practices in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we put in dialogue the local dimension of a nation-state with the global challenges faced by universities worldwide. We focus on the case of Denmark, a nation that was exceptionally active in implementing international university reforms and where digitalisation is a high priority of the public sector governance. The article seeks to contribute to speculative research and critical studies by presenting a mixed-methods study that explores higher education teachers' views about desirable and realistic future scenarios in Denmark. The study draws on data from a survey applied at a large Danish university, analysed both quantitatively (N = 755) and qualitatively (N = 53). The findings show that teachers share clusters of concern about uncontrolled digitalisation and teaching automation, commodification of education, and modularisation of university courses, the latter being a contested but realistic perspective in the latest political reforms. They reaffirm the mission of the university as preparing students for solving real problems and contributing to the challenges of the present time. The paper concludes with a call for university management to recalibrate future imaginaries to the values expressed by the teachers, and the university they wish to create. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on critical childhood studies and childism, this paper analyses children's participation in family law cases in Denmark. Spurred particularly by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, together with a general shift in the view on children, several jurisdictions, including Denmark, have implemented legislative reform in the last decades to accommodate children's participation rights. Even though such legal participation rights have increased, research in the family law field indicates that children's perspectives are often undermined or excluded. An analysis of qualitative data (workshops, observations, and interviews) establishes how the positioning of children and children's perspectives (as well as how "listening to children" is enacted) can be crucial to understanding the mechanisms that either subsidize or undermine children's perspectives in family law cases. The paper argues further that "listening emergent" to children can offer a path to deconstructing the norms and structures that undermine and exclude children's views—and thus offer a childist contribution to childhood research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the adjustment of government redistributive policies in Scandinavian and Mediterranean countries following changes in income inequality over the period 1980–2021. Design/methodology/approach: The authors first modelled the time-varying dynamics between income inequality and redistribution and then used a non-linear framework to test for the existence of asymmetries and cointegration in their long-run relationship. The authors used two complementary measures of inequality – the share of total income accruing to top percentile income holders and the ratio of the share of total income accruing to top decile income holders divided by that accumulated by the bottom 50% – and computed redistribution as the difference between the two inequality indicators before and after taxes and transfers. Findings: The authors found that the sign of the relationship between income inequality and redistribution is mostly positive and time-varying. Overall, the authors also found evidence that the impact of increases in inequality on redistributive measures is higher than that of decreases. Finally, the authors obtained a significant long-run relationship between both variables in all countries except Denmark and Spain. These results hold for both Scandinavian and Mediterranean countries. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper to account for the potential existence of non-linearities and to examine the asymmetries in the adjustment of redistributive policies to increases in income inequality using alternative income inequality metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the concept of space in William Shakespeare's "The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark". Not only is the play the most popular and the most internationally known creation of William Shakespeare, but it also attracts readers and critics for its complexity and up-to-datedness. We chose to analyse various aspects of space in this tragedy to underline their influence on different characters. The paper aims at proving that there is a relation between each character and a particular space whose features are partly reflected in the characters' personality or/and actions. Therefore, the main characters were analysed in connection with the spaces they appear in throughout the play. We were also interested in analysing whether the characters have the necessary power and/or ability to change these spaces, or not. We noticed that some of the characters had their spaces invaded by perpetrators, while other characters became perpetrators themselves. Observing the link between spaces and the characters' personality, we tried to scrutinize their deeds based on the features of certain spaces emphasizing aspects such as: private vs. public, natural vs. artificial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient and public involvement in health-related research is a new discipline in Denmark. In 2021, a national conference titled 'Patient and Public Involvement in Complex Intervention Research' provided a forum for discussion between patient partners, researchers and clinicians on involving patients as partners in complex intervention research. Methods: We aimed to describe specific challenges to and initiatives for patient partner involvement in order to develop recommendations for creating successful partnerships in complex intervention research. Through a collaborative learning process, 140 researchers identified the most important challenges for them in patient partner involvement and potential initiatives to improve such involvement. At a subsequent workshop, four patient partners identified the challenges and initiatives from their perspective as patient partners. They also gave feedback on the challenges and initiatives suggested by the researchers and helped shape three recommendations for practice. Three of the patient partners were involved in writing this paper. Results: The five most important challenges identified by researchers were time, recruitment, ethics, power and inequality. Between four and seven initiatives to overcome these challenges were suggested. The three most important challenges identified by patient partners were communication, when you get information that is hard to handle and recruitment. They suggested three to four initiatives for improvement. Patient partners confirmed the importance of all the researcher identified challenges when presented with them, they also provided additional comments on the researchers' initiatives. This led to the formation of recommendations for involving patient partners. Conclusions: A collaborative learning process was shown to be a suitable method for patient partner involvement. Consistency was seen between the challenges and initiatives identified by researchers and patient partners. Based on these observations, three recommendations were developed: (1) create specific programmes that aim to involve all kind of patients (including but limited to vulnerable patients) as patient partners, (2) produce ethical guidelines for the involvement of patient partners, and (3) develop a national strategy for patient partner involvement. To build on these recommendations, a joint workshop with both researchers and patient partners is needed. Plain English Summary: Involving patients in complex intervention research is new in Denmark, so there is a need to work out how to do it properly. In 2021, a national conference about this was arranged. There, two workshops were held with 70 complex intervention researchers in each. In the workshops, challenges and steps needed to bring patient partners into complex intervention research were identified. Later, a similar workshop was organized with four patient partners. Their views were similar to what was concluded at the earlier workshops. All challenges and steps to overcome these were discussed between patients and researchers at the last workshop. This resulted in the development of three recommendations to successfully involve patient partners into complex intervention research: (1) create programmes to involve patients who might otherwise be missed as patient partners, (2) produce ethical guidelines for involving patient partners in complex intervention research, and (3) develop a national plan for involving in patient partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public service media (PSM) are grappling with structural shifts in the audio-visual sector, notably the shift of audiences towards over-the-top (OTT) or subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) services. They have also heavily invested in online platforms, adapting their policies to engage digital users on their video-on-demand (VOD) platforms. This paper assesses PSM policies in Britain, Denmark, and Greece, examining initiatives regarding adaptation to the digital era. It explores whether they implement new strategies to expand their digital reach. Data from policy documents and interviews with BBC, DR, and ERT leading executives inform the analysis. Findings showed varied responses among PSM organisations, influenced by market dynamics and the evolution of broadcasting traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients previously examined for cancer with a negative result may present in general practice with ongoing or new symptoms or signs suggestive of cancer. This paper explores the potential existence of a relatively safe period for cancer occurrence after receiving negative examination results for specific types of cancer, including lung (CT thorax), upper gastrointestinal (gastroscopy), colorectal (colonoscopy), bladder (cystoscopy), and breast (clinical mammography). Register-based time-to-event analyses. Denmark. All 3.3 million citizens aged 30–85 years who on January first, 2017, had not previously been diagnosed with the specific type of cancer were categorized based on the time since their most recent examination. Using 1-year follow-up, we calculated the age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios of being diagnosed with the related cancer, with non-examined individuals as reference. Negative examination results were defined as the absence of a cancer diagnosis within 6 months following the examination. Previous negative examination results were common, also among those diagnosed with cancer during follow-up. For 10 years after a negative colonoscopy the risk of diagnosing a colorectal cancer was nearly halved. However, already 1 year after a clinical mammography and 2 years after a CT thorax the risk of diagnosing the related cancers was significantly higher among those with a previous negative result compared to non-examined individuals. This study did not identify a post-examination period in which the cancer risk, compared to non-examined individuals, was sufficiently low to confidently rule out any of the investigated cancers. What should one expect when considering re-examining a patient with a negative result of a previous examination for cancer? We found that previous negative examination results are common in the general population and among those subsequently diagnosed with cancer. We did not find a safe period after any of the examinations in which a negative result alone could safely rule out the presence of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Virtual fencing is an alternative to the ubiquitously used physical fences. It uses GPS to determine the location of livestock relative to a virtual line. The system deters livestock from leaving the enclosure by using an auditory warning followed by an electric impulse during approach and crossing of the fence line. This paper assessed the social effects on learning between cattle with and without prior experience with virtual fencing through three case studies: one with a gradual and two with an instant introduction method. These were applied to assess if improvements in associative learning could be made. Due to the non-standardised experiments, it was not possible to analyse the effect across the case studies and therefore to conclude whether the number of experienced cattle or the different introduction methods influenced the inexperienced cattle. Agricultural industries rely on physical fences to manage livestock. However, these present practical, financial, and ecological challenges, which may be solved using virtual fencing. This study aimed to identify how experienced cattle through social facilitation and the introduction method influence inexperienced cattle. Based on three stocks held in Fanø, Denmark, containing 12, 17 and 13 Angus (Bos taurus), we examined the virtual fence learning in three case studies using one gradual introduction with zero experienced cattle (A) and two different instant introductions with one (B) and ten (C) experienced cattle. Gradual introduction had the virtual fence moved 20 m every other day for eleven days, and in the two instant introductions, the physical fence was removed in one day. Warnings and impulses were recorded during an 11-day learning period and a 26-day post-learning period, using the impulses per warning to quantify if the cattle adapted. Case studies A and B showed a significant reduction in the warnings and impulses, but only A showed a significant reduction in the impulses per warning when comparing the learning period to the post-learning period. Due to the non-standardised experiments, it was not possible to conclude if the number of experienced cattle or the introduction method had an effect on the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Danish cardiovascular screening (DANCAVAS) trial, a nationwide trial designed to investigate the impact of cardiovascular screening in men, did not decrease all-cause mortality, an outcome decided by the investigators. However, the target group may have varied preferences. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether men aged 65 to 74 years requested a CT-based cardiovascular screening examination and to assess its impact on outcomes determined by their preferences. Methods and findings: This is a post hoc study of the randomised DANCAVAS trial. All men 65 to 74 years of age residing in specific areas of Denmark were randomised (1:2) to invitation-to-screening (16,736 men, of which 10,471 underwent screening) or usual-care (29,790 men). The examination included among others a non-contrast CT scan (to assess the coronary artery calcium score and aortic aneurysms). Positive findings prompted preventive treatment with atorvastatin, aspirin, and surveillance/surgical evaluation. The usual-care group remained unaware of the trial and the assignments. The user-defined outcome was based on patient preferences and determined through a survey sent in January 2023 to a random sample of 9,095 men from the target group, with a 68.0% response rate (6,182 respondents). Safety outcomes included severe bleeding and mortality within 30 days after cardiovascular surgery. Analyses were performed on an intention-to-screen basis. Prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction was the primary motivation for participating in the screening examination. After a median follow-up of 6.4 years, 1,800 of 16,736 men (10.8%) in the invited-to-screening group and 3,420 of 29,790 (11.5%) in the usual-care group experienced an event (hazard ratio (HR), 0.93 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.88 to 0.98; p = 0.010); number needed to invite at 6 years, 148 (95% CI, 80 to 986)). A total of 324 men (1.9%) in the invited-to-screening group and 491 (1.7%) in the usual-care group had an intracranial bleeding (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.35; p = 0.029). Additionally, 994 (5.9%) in the invited-to-screening group and 1,722 (5.8%) in the usual-care group experienced severe gastrointestinal bleeding (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.11; p = 0.583). No differences were found in mortality after cardiovascular surgery. The primary limitation of the study is that exclusive enrolment of men aged 65 to 74 renders the findings non-generalisable to women or men of other age groups. Conclusion: In this comprehensive population-based cardiovascular screening and intervention program, we observed a reduction in the user-defined outcome, stroke and myocardial infarction, but entail a small increased risk of intracranial bleeding. Trial registration: ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN12157806https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12157806. In this post-hoc analysis of the DANCAVAS trial, Axel Diederichsen and colleagues explore how cardiovascular screening impacts on outcomes as defined by patients themselves. Author summary: Why was this study done?: Stroke and heart attack remain a prevalent cause of decreased quality of life and premature death. Coronary atherosclerosis serves as an important risk modifier and is easily identifiable by cardiac imaging. Despite this, screening for cardiovascular disease by cardiac CT in the Danish cardiovascular screening (DANCAVAS) trial did not lead to a decrease in death from cardiovascular causes. However, it is essential to recognise that patients may have preferences other than death, and these preferences play a critically important role in informed and shared decision-making between caregivers and patients. What did the researchers do and find?: The DANCAVAS trial included men aged 65 to 74 from specific areas of Denmark, with some receiving invitations to screening (16,736 men) and others receiving usual care (29,790 men). Patients with significant atherosclerosis were treated with atorvastatin, aspirin, and underwent surveillance or surgery in case of aneurysms. Here, the study outcomes were determined based on patient preferences, which were assessed through a survey of a random sample of 9,095 men aged 65 to 74. The surveyed men expressed a preference for preventing stroke and heart attack over death. Screening reduced the absolute risk of stroke and heart attack by 0.7%, but it also increased the risk of intracranial haemorrhage by 0.2%. What do these findings mean?: The DANCAVAS trial met patient preferences, but the benefits were modest and accompanied by a slight increase in the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. These data suggest that there is limited benefit to the widespread implementation of cardiovascular screening programmes. The trial specifically targeted men aged 65 to 74, meaning the findings cannot be generalised to women or men outside this age group. Future cardiovascular screening programs should encompass both sexes and accommodate patient preferences. Additionally, they might consider excluding aspirin from the intervention arm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To strengthen palliative care for children in the Nordic countries, an updated status of current needs, resources, clinical services, education, and research is necessary to align and consolidate future research. A Nordic research collaboration initiative for children with palliative care needs was assembled in 2023. Building on this initiative, this paper presents an overview of pediatric palliative care (PPC) in the Nordic countries' (a) population characteristics, (b) care models and setting of care, (c) education and training, and (d) research. Methods: The Nordic initiative researchers collaboratively gathered and assessed available data on the characteristics of PPC within Denmark, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, the Faroe Islands, Sweden, and Åland. Data were compiled in a matrix with population characteristics, models- and setting of care, education and training, and areas of research in a Nordic context. The findings are narratively and descriptively presented, providing an overview of Nordic PPC. Results: In total, the Nordic child population comprises around six million children (0–19 years), of which about 41.200 are estimated to be living with a life-limiting and/or life-threatening condition. Healthcare services are provided through various care models, ranging from specialized care to homecare settings. Overall, there remain few opportunities for education and training with some exceptions. Also, Nordic research within PPC has been shown to be a growing field although much remains to be done. Conclusion: This overview is the first outline of the current PPC in Nordic countries. Although some differences remain important to acknowledge, overall, the strengths and challenges faced within PPC in the Nordic countries are comparable and call for joint action to increase evidence, services, and education to better serve the children, families, and healthcare personnel within PPC. Despite the varying structural premises for PPC, research endeavors aiming to provide evidence in this field seem increasing, timely and relevant for the Nordic countries, as well as the international context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A host of different factors affect health and longevity, ranging from genetic endowments to public policy. Physicians have a substantial influence on patients' health and health-related costs, but we know little about the extent of this influence beyond clinical decisions, such as adequate diagnosis and treatment. This paper demonstrates that the health management styles of primary care physicians significantly affect the health outcomes of their patients. Using data on the population of statin users in Denmark and matching patients to their primary care physicians, we show that the physician's ability to facilitate adherence with prescription medications has significant positive effects on patient outcomes and health costs, even after controlling for observable and unobservable patient characteristics. Policy interventions aimed at improving this aspect of physicians' health management styles have important implications for patient outcomes and healthcare costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several northern European countries have announced ambitious plans to become carbon neutral already before the year 2050. Recent research has, however, highlighted how potential bottlenecks in raw material and resource availability could significantly delay or hinder wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) expansion and continued biomass usage in parts of Europe. To address this issue, this paper assesses how exposed the national energy and climate plans (NECPs) of Finland, Estonia, Germany, Sweden, and Denmark are to resource limitations and techno-economic risks by reviewing and analysing 2030 NECP targets compared to statistical energy use data in these countries. The results indicate that the NECPs of Denmark and Germany are particularly exposed to risks related to global raw material availability, as Denmark plans to rapidly grow the share of wind and solar PV in electricity generation to 81% and 13% by 2030, respectively, followed by Germany, which outlines a 39% and 16% share of wind and solar PV in its national climate strategy. The NECPs of Finland and Germany are also shown to be vulnerable to limitations in biomass availability, as there is a significant disparity between the projected biomass usage and legally binding European Union (EU) targets for land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) sector emissions in 2030 in these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizen science involves non-professionals assisting with scientific research, contributing data, and conducting experiments under professional guidance. In this paper, we describe the citizen science project DNA & life, based at the Natural History Museumof Denmark, which actively engages high school students in both fieldwork and advanced laboratory analyses by collecting and analyzing eDNA samples frommarine environments across Denmark. The analysis is performed via species-specific real-time PCR and in a case study we present data gathered in the project from 2017-2023 with focus on the potential of eDNA detecting in use for species monitoring. The results include seasonal occurrence of Mnemiopsis leidyi and national distributions of selected species of particular ecological interest Perca fluviatilis, Anguilla anguilla, Neogobiusmelanostomus and Alexandriumostenfeldii. In addition to the eDNA case study, we present a new way of conducting citizen science and eDNA analysis, as a development of the established DNA & life project. Local DNA laboratories are created to shorten the path from sampling site to laboratory facility, creating the possibility for Danish high schools to participate in a new version of the project. In close collaboration with the academic staff of the DNA & life project both teachers and students help develop facilities, protocols and laboratory analyses in an extreme citizen science and co-creation approach, where the participants are involved in a higher level of laboratory work and data analysis. Allowing high school students to perform intricatemolecular lab analyzes through an extreme citizen science approach has demonstrated encouraging outcomes and potential for data of high quality in terms of sampling and analyzing eDNA with the purpose of species monitoring and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, food production for an ever-growing population is a well-known threat to the environment due to losses of excess reactive nitrogen (N) from agriculture. Since the 1980s, many countries of the Global North, such as Denmark, have successfully combatted N pollution in the aquatic environment by regulation and introduction of national agricultural one-size-fits-all mitigation measures. Despite this success, further reduction of the N load is required to meet the EU water directives demands, and implementation of additional targeted N regulation of agriculture has scientifically and politically been found to be a way forward. In this paper, we present a comprehensive concept to make future targeted N regulation successful environmentally and economically. The concept focus is on how and where to establish detailed maps of the groundwater denitrification potential (N retention) in areas, such as Denmark, covered by Quaternary deposits. Quaternary deposits are abundant in many parts of the world, and often feature very complex geological and geochemical architectures. We show that this subsurface complexity results in large local differences in groundwater N retention. Prioritization of the most complex areas for implementation of the new concept can be a cost-efficient way to achieve lower N impact on the aquatic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Demographic changes in all industrialized countries have led to a keen interest in extending working lives for older workers. To achieve this goal, it is essential to understand the patterns of retirement and specifically what characterizes individuals who continue to work beyond retirement age. Thus, the aim of this paper was to contribute to the international body of empirical knowledge about individuals who continue in the workforce after retirement age. We present evidence from Denmark and examine what characterizes individuals who continue in the workforce after retirement age and investigate the likelihood of continued work after retirement age while controlling for a set of socio-economic and lifestyle factors. Methods: The study population consisted of 5,474 respondents to the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank (CAMB) 2021 survey, divided into two groups. The first group included subjects (n = 1,293) who stayed longer in the workforce even though they had the possibility to retire. The second group consisted of subjects who had retired full-time at the time of the survey (n = 4,181). Survey data was linked to register data to provide a broader dataset. In order to investigate the heterogeneity between the two groups in terms of important socio-economic, work-related and health-related variables, t-test, Mann-Whitney U (Wilcoxon Rank) test, and chi-square tests were employed. Further, to examine the probability of an individual working after retirement age a logit model with step-wise inclusion was utilized. Results: Overall, individuals who continue to work even though they could retire tend to be wealthier, healthier, and males compared to individuals who are retired full-time. Further, there are more older workers who have partners and are co-habitants than retirees. The likelihood of continuing in the workforce past retirement age is affected by several work-related factors as well as life-style factors. The likelihood of working past retirement age decreases by years spent in the workforce (marginal effect of -0.003), if you have a partner (-0.080) and if your partner is outside of the workforce (marginal effect of -0.106). The likelihood increases by health (marginal effect of -0.044 of moving from excellent/very good health to good health or to fair/poor health, physical working capability (marginal effect of -0.083 of moving from no/some problems to severe problems or cannot work at all) and income (marginal effect of 0.083 from moving from the lowest income-quantile to higher quantiles). Conclusion: These results are in line with the previous literature and suggest the importance of designing retirement policies that tailor the transition toward retirement according to specific characteristics of both the individual and the segment of occupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper explores the effectiveness of live coding as an active learning methodology in teaching programming, particularly in the context of diverse learning styles. Live coding, characterized by real-time coding demonstrations by instructors, has been increasingly adopted to enhance the learning experience in programming education. It offers immediate feedback, demonstrates problem-solving in action, and allows instructors to incorporate student suggestions, making it a dynamic and engaging teaching tool. However, its effectiveness varies among students with different learning preferences. This study investigates the impact of various learning style dimensions, as defined by the Felder–Silverman model, on the effectiveness of live coding in an introductory object-oriented programming course. The study was conducted at Aalborg University, Denmark, with students from the BSc Software program. It aims to provide empirical evidence on how different learning style dimensions influence student preferences and the effectiveness of live coding, offering insights to educators for tailoring active learning methodologies in programming courses to diverse learner needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intermittent nature of power generation from photovoltaics (PV) requires reliable energy storage solutions. Using the storage system outdoors exposes it to variable temperatures, affecting both its storage capacity and lifespan. Utilizing and optimizing energy storage considering climatic variations and new storage technologies is still a research gap. Therefore, this paper presents a modified sizing algorithm based on the Golden Section Search method, aimed at optimizing the number of cells in an energy storage unit, with a specific focus on the unique conditions of Denmark. The considered energy storage solutions are Lithium-ion capacitors (LiCs) and Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), which are tested under different temperatures and C-rates rates. The algorithm aims to maximize the number of autonomy cycles—defined as periods during which the system operates independently of the grid, marked by intervals between two consecutive 0% State of Charge (SoC) occurrences. Testing scenarios include dynamic temperature and dynamic load, constant temperature at 25 °C, and constant load, considering irradiation and temperature effects and cell capacity fading over a decade. A comparative analysis reveals that, on average, the LiC storage is sized at 70–80% of the LiB storage across various scenarios. Notably, under a constant-temperature scenario, the degradation rate accelerates, particularly for LiBs. By leveraging the modified Golden Section Search algorithm, this study provides an efficient approach to the sizing problem, optimizing the number of cells and thus offering a potential solution for energy storage in off-grid PV systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: To make the pension system robust to population ageing, Denmark will increase the statutory retirement age in tandem with national life expectancy. By universally increasing this age, this pension indexation policy might amplify known inequalities in mortality, such as those between people in different living arrangements. OBJECTIVE: We aim to quantify inequalities in mortality before retirement age by living arrangement over time and to estimate whether an increase in the retirement age could disproportionately affect disadvantaged groups. METHODS: We estimate the probability of dying between ages 50 and 65/67/70 for several cohorts of Danes living in different household types, stratifying by socioeconomic status. To give a more complete picture, we also calculate equivalent age for each sub-group. RESULTS: In Denmark considerable mortality inequalities exist depending on living arrangements, and they are becoming larger. Across all the dimensions of mortality we examine, single individuals cumulate a clear disadvantage. An increased retirement age would increase absolute and (for single individuals) relative differences in pre-retirement survival, adding to the widening trends across cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Relying on the national average to set the statutory retirement age risks maintaining these subpopulations' disadvantage. While early retirement schemes exist in Denmark, they mostly impact people based on their occupation. We highlight that other characteristics are strongly tied to mortality and should also be considered. CONTRIBUTION: This paper falls within a project developed and directed by Jim Vaupel from 2019 until his death. He believed that the Danish pension indexation policy risked unfairly damaging specific groups. The results of this paper show that by neglecting existing and widening inequalities, this might indeed be the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the project implementation of e-fuel production in Denmark to compare two projects and execute interviews with project employees, experts within the e-fuel field and authorities both local and national. A SWOT analysis of the interview outcomes was conducted as well as an internal and external factor evaluation. The analyses highlight the internal and external project factors that impact the implementation of these projects in Denmark. The analysis showed that collaboration and engagement of stakeholders, citizens and authorities to a large extent can mitigate hindrances and drive the projects forward in development. Large interest in these projects from all sides of the project implementation and development is a part of this. A threat to the implementation is the uncertain and rigid regulatory framework that involves permitting processes and conditions such as tax reductions. This threat can to a large extent be aided by the collaboration with stakeholders. The regulatory framework is not fit to the novelty of these cases which poses new requirements to the framework. Market readiness and offtake agreements pose obstacles for the projects, which are both external and internal conditions of the projects. The topic of the amount of renewable electricity in the grid is discussed among the interviewees and shows a discrepancy on whether or not this is an issue for the projects. However, it seems to be an issue only for projects that are expected to be in commission before 2028 where the electricity in the grid is not generated by renewable energy only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preclinical animal studies have suggested that myeloid cell–synthesized coagulation factor X dampens antitumor immunity and that rivaroxaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, can be used to promote tumor immunity. This study was aimed at assessing whether patients with atrial fibrillation taking direct factor Xa inhibitors have lower risk of cancer and cancer-related mortality than patients taking the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. Methods and findings: This nationwide population-based cohort study in Denmark included adult patients with atrial fibrillation and without a history of cancer, who started taking a factor Xa inhibitor or dabigatran between 2011 and 2015. Data on medical history, outcomes, and drug use were acquired through Danish healthcare registries. The primary outcome was any cancer. Secondary outcomes were cancer-related mortality and all-cause mortality. Outcome events were assessed during 5 years of follow-up in an intention-to-treat analysis. The propensity score-based inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to compute cumulative incidence and subdistribution hazard ratios (SHRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with death as a competing event. Propensity scores were estimated using logistic regression and including in the model sex, age group at index date, comorbidities, and use of comedications. A total of 11,742 patients with atrial fibrillation starting a factor Xa inhibitor and 11,970 patients starting dabigatran were included. Mean age was 75.2 years (standard deviation [SD] 11.2) in the factor Xa cohort and 71.7 years (SD 11.1) in the dabigatran cohort. On the basis of the propensity score-weighted models, after 5 years of follow-up, no substantial difference in the cumulative incidence of cancer was observed between the factor Xa inhibitor (2,157/23,711; 9.11%, 95% CI [8.61%,9.63%]) and dabigatran (2,294/23,715; 9.68%, 95% CI [9.14%,10.25%]) groups (SHR 0.94, 95% CI [0.89,1.00], P value 0.0357). We observed no difference in cancer-related mortality (factor Xa inhibitors cohort 1,028/23,711; 4.33%, 95% CI [4.02%,4.68%]. Dabigatran cohort 1,001/23,715; 4.22%, 95% CI [3.83%,4.66%]; SHR 1.03, 95% CI [0.94,1.12]), but all-cause mortality was higher in the factor Xa inhibitor cohort (factor Xa inhibitors cohort 7,416/23,711; 31.31%, 95% CI [30.37%,32.29%]. Dabigatran cohort 6,531/23,715; 27.56%, 95% CI [26.69%,28.45%]; HR 1.17, 95% CI [1.13,1.21]). The main limitations of the study were the possibility of residual confounding and the short follow-up period. Conclusions: In this population based cohort study, factor Xa inhibitor use was not associated with an overall lower incidence of cancer or cancer-related mortality when compared to dabigatran. We did observe an increase in all-cause mortality in the factor Xa inhibitor cohort. Floris Bosch and colleagues investigate whether patients with atrial fibrillation taking direct Factor Xa inhibitors have a lower risk of cancer and cancer-related mortality than patients taking dabigatran. Author summary: Why was this study done?: A preclinical study in mice with breast cancer and fibrosarcoma showed that factor X dampens antitumor immunity and that factor Xa inhibitor promote tumor immunity. Whether factor Xa inhibition is associated with decreased cancer incidence and cancer-related mortality in humans is unknown. What did the researchers do and find?: We assessed cancer incidence during 5 years of follow-up in patients with atrial fibrillation in Denmark using a factor Xa inhibitor (n = 11,742) or a thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran) (n = 11,970) for stroke prevention. No substantial difference in the cumulative incidence of cancer was observed between the factor Xa inhibitor (9.11%, 95% CI [8.61%,9.63%]) and dabigatran (9.68%, 95% CI [9.14%,10.25%]) groups (SHR 0.94, 95% CI [0.89,1.00]. No difference in cancer-related mortality (SHR 1.03, 95% CI [0.94,1.12]) was observed, but all-cause mortality was higher in the factor Xa inhibitor cohort (HR 1.17, 95% CI [1.13,1.21]). What do these findings mean?: Factor Xa inhibitor use for atrial fibrillation did not appear to significantly reduce cancer risk compared to dabigatran use. The main limitations of the study were the possibility of residual confounding and the short follow-up period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we put in dialogue the local dimension of a nation-state with the global challenges faced by universities worldwide. We focus on the case of Denmark, a nation that was exceptionally active in implementing international university reforms and where digitalisation is a high priority of the public sector governance. The article seeks to contribute to speculative research and critical studies by presenting a mixed-methods study that explores higher education teachers' views about desirable and realistic future scenarios in Denmark. The study draws on data from a survey applied at a large Danish university, analysed both quantitatively (N = 755) and qualitatively (N = 53). The findings show that teachers share clusters of concern about uncontrolled digitalisation and teaching automation, commodification of education, and modularisation of university courses, the latter being a contested but realistic perspective in the latest political reforms. They reaffirm the mission of the university as preparing students for solving real problems and contributing to the challenges of the present time. The paper concludes with a call for university management to recalibrate future imaginaries to the values expressed by the teachers, and the university they wish to create.

To assess the impact of the Financial Crisis and the Great Recession in Denmark this paper studies developments in Danish labor market income and disposable income from 1995 through 2019. We focus on the prime age working population of 25–54-year-old Danish citizens, with emphasis on labor market performance of the younger and less educated members of this labor force. The recession had a large and long-lasting impact on labor market earnings. Young individuals and, especially, those with least education suffered the largest setbacks to earnings developments. Disposable income was not affected in a similar way. Welfare state transfers and lower taxes softened the impact on disposable income, while the unprecedentedly low lending-rates and tax reform also elevated consumption possibilities. Tracking economic activity of the youngest cohorts after the onset of the Financial Crisis we find that catching up to earnings levels of previous cohorts took on average 8 years. For young men the setback to earnings was larger and catching-up slower. A decade following the onset of the Financial Crisis around 20% of young men, pertaining to the bottom of the earnings distribution, had still not caught up to the earnings of previous cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating digital technologies to benefit teaching and learning has long been driving higher education. The uptake of technology has been supported by teacher training focused on developing teachers' capabilities to design for learning. However, in this paper, we raise the point of moving towards teaching-sensitive technology as a clear alternative to current strategies focusing on teachers' mental processes. To develop this point, the paper offers a qualitative study that explores teaching to identify critical features of technology supporting teachers' work. Analysing teaching from a hermeneutic perspective, we arrive at six fundamental dynamics within which teachers operate. Based on the factors identified, we present three principles to guide future design of technologies for teaching and two approaches to designing technology sensitive to teachers' values.

This article sets out the findings of a systematic review on research into career guidance policy in the Nordic countries between 2008 and 2022. In total 60 papers were reviewed from across the Nordic region. They focused on national career guidance systems, career guidance systems for young people, the adult guidance system and career guidance for migrants. The corpus proved to be methodologically diverse with studies utilizing a wide range of different research strategies, although important differences were found between academic and grey literature. Most of the papers reviewed were atheoretical, with the remaining, mainly academic, literature drawing heavily on critical theory. The thematic analysis identified four major themes in the corpus: the context for career guidance policy; career guidance provision and practice; technologies of governance; and beneficiaries and outcomes of career guidance policies. The findings are discussed in relation to the strengths and weakness of the corpus and used to propose a research programme for the next 15 years.

It is often assumed that the simple presence of international students and ubiquitous use of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) are the main agents of internationalisation of higher education (HE), whereby English equals international education and inbound student mobility equals increased internationalisation. While there are perceived benefits of these two instruments at the institutional and national levels, students' experiences of internationalisation in a Danish context are under-explored. Using a digital ethnographic enquiry, empirical evidence draws on 126 hours of observation of online teaching and 38 semi-structured interviews with domestic and international students of MSc programmes in Denmark. This article contends that the meaning of internationalisation and self-perceived gains are experienced differently between Danish and international students. The disconnect between discourses and actual experiences of internationalisation reported in this paper highlights the need for further student-centred research to inform institutional policies and practices, challenging long-held views of what 'international' means. Internationalisation practices that foster international spaces in which diverse groups of students can engage in meaningful interactions require those working in HE to realign institutional activities with humanistic values for the common good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research landscape of personalized 3D-printed concrete-based modules for construction and their impact on thermal performance through generative design methods is explored through a bibliometric analysis. Comprehensive analysis techniques, including bibliographic data and visualization with VoSviewer, are employed to unveil collaborative networks, influential articles, research trends, and emerging themes within this domain. Global contributions are showcased, with citations predominantly from the UK and USA, while Denmark and Australia demonstrate a significant impact relative to publication numbers. Prominent authors like Buswell, Mechtcherine, and Zhang are highlighted through co-authorship analysis, revealing evolving collaborative patterns over time. Seminal works and influential authors are identified through co-citation analysis, providing insights into intellectual networks. Source citation analysis emphasizes the importance of sustainability and advanced manufacturing methods through key journals in the field. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identifies the core themes, including 3D concrete printing, additive manufacturing, and sustainability. Emerging trends indicate a growing focus on sustainability and adopting advanced manufacturing technologies. These insights have implications for future research, guiding impactful contributions in this evolving field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ethnic minorities living in high-income countries have been disproportionately affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in terms of infection rates, hospitalisations, and deaths; however, less is known about long COVID in these populations. Our aim was to examine the risk of long COVID and associated symptoms among ethnic minorities. Methods and findings: We used nationwide register-based cohort data on individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 aged ≥18 years (n = 2,286,955) between January 2020 and August 2022 in Denmark. We calculated the risk of long COVID diagnosis and long COVID symptoms among ethnic minorities compared with native Danes using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression and logistic regression, respectively. Among individuals who were first time diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period, 39,876 (1.7%) were hospitalised and 2,247,079 (98.3%) were nonhospitalised individuals. Of the diagnosed COVID-19 cases, 1,952,021 (85.3%) were native Danes and 334,934 (14.7%) were ethnic minorities. After adjustment for age, sex, civil status, education, family income, and Charlson comorbidity index, ethnic minorities from North Africa (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.12,1.79], p = 0.003), Middle East (aHR 1.38, 95% CI [1.24,1.55], p < 0.001), Eastern Europe (aHR 1.35, 95% CI [1.22,1.49], p < 0.001), and Asia (aHR 1.23, 95% CI [1.09,1.40], p = 0.001) had significantly greater risk of long COVID diagnosis than native Danes. In the analysis by largest countries of origin, the greater risks of long COVID diagnosis were found in people of Iraqi origin (aHR 1.56, 95% CI [1.30,1.88], p < 0.001), people of Turkish origin (aHR 1.42, 95% CI [1.24,1.63], p < 0.001), and people of Somali origin (aHR 1.42, 95% CI [1.07,1.91], p = 0.016). A significant factor associated with an increased risk of long COVID diagnosis was COVID-19 hospitalisation. The risk of long COVID diagnosis among ethnic minorities was more pronounced between January 2020 and June 2021. Furthermore, the odds of reporting cardiopulmonary symptoms (including dyspnoea, cough, and chest pain) and any long COVID symptoms were higher among people of North African, Middle Eastern, Eastern European, and Asian origins than among native Danes in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Despite including the nationwide sample of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19, the precision of our estimates on long COVID was limited to the sample of patients with symptoms who had contacted the hospital. Conclusions: Belonging to an ethnic minority group was significantly associated with an increased risk of long COVID, indicating the need to better understand long COVID drivers and address care and treatment strategies in these populations. George F. Mkoma and colleagues examine the risk of long COVID and associated symptoms among ethnic minorities in Denmark. Author summary: Why was this study done?: Evidence indicates overrepresentation of ethnic minorities among those tested positive for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), hospitalised for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and died from COVID-19. After acute COVID-19 infection, many COVID-19 survivors experience a range of symptoms persisting beyond weeks or months, the condition known as long COVID. However, little is known about the risk of long COVID among ethnic minorities, and no existing studies had compared symptoms distribution before and after COVID-19 diagnosis in these populations. What did the researchers do and find?: A nationwide register-based cohort study was performed on individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 2020 and August 2022 in Denmark. We found that people of North African, Middle Eastern, Eastern European, and Asian origins had a higher risk of long COVID diagnosis than native Danes, with the greatest ethnic disparities being observed in the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic (January 2020 to June 2021). People of North African, Middle Eastern, Eastern European, and Asian origins were more likely to report cardiopulmonary symptoms (including dyspnoea, cough, and chest pain) and any long COVID symptoms than native Danes, especially beyond 4 weeks to 6 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. What do these findings mean?: These findings indicate the need to understand the drivers of long COVID in ethnic minorities and tailor preventive policies to their contexts. Efforts addressing disparities in socioeconomic conditions, advocacy activities for COVID-19 vaccines, and continuation of preventive measures may help reduce the burden of long COVID in ethnic minorities. The diagnosis of long COVID was limited to the sample of patients with symptoms who had contacted the hospital after acute COVID-19 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model of the evolution of the onshore wind turbine blade mass installed in Denmark is proposed described by a Weibull distribution, and the age of the blades is estimated from decommissioning data to t50%,onshore = 29 years when half of the blade mass of an installation year has been decommissioned. This is considerably longer than the 20 year design lifetime of onshore turbines, which is often assumed to be an estimate of the End‐of‐Life of turbine blades. Thus, blade waste predictions using the simple assumption may predict that installed blade masses are entering recycling processes about 9 years sooner that what is observed in Denmark. The blade mass for decommissioning in Denmark is estimated to peak at 2000 and 5000 ton/year in 2028 and 2045 using the Weibull model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The psychological toll on parents of a child receiving a cancer diagnosis is known to be high, but there is a knowledge gap regarding suicidal behavior among these parents. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of suicide attempt and death by suicide in relation to having a child with cancer. Methods and findings: We performed a binational population-based and sibling-controlled cohort study, including all parents with a child diagnosed with cancer in Denmark (1978 to 2016) or Sweden (1973 to 2014), 10 matched unexposed parents per exposed parent (population comparison), and unaffected full siblings of the exposed parents (sibling comparison). Suicide attempt was identified through the Patient Register and the Psychiatric Central Register in Denmark and the Patient Register in Sweden, whereas death by suicide was identified through the Danish Causes of Death Register and the Swedish Causes of Death Register. In population comparison, we used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of suicide attempt and death by suicide associated with cancer diagnosis of a child, adjusting for sex, age, country of residence, calendar year, marital status, highest attained educational level, household income, history of cancer, history of psychiatric disorder, and family history of psychiatric disorder. The sibling comparison was performed to assess the role of familial confounding in the studied associations. The population comparison consisted of 106,005 exposed parents and 1,060,050 matched unexposed parents, with a median age of 56 at cohort entry and 46.9% male. During the median follow-up of 7.3 and 7.2 years, we observed 613 (incidence rate [IR], 58.8 per 100,000 person-years) and 5,888 (IR, 57.1 per 100,000 person-years) cases of first-onset suicide attempt among the exposed and unexposed parents, respectively. There was an increased risk of parental suicide attempt during the first years after a child's cancer diagnosis (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, [1.03, 1.28]; p = 0.01), particularly when the child was 18 or younger at diagnosis (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, [1.08, 1.46]; p = 0.004), when the child was diagnosed with a highly aggressive cancer (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, [1.05, 2.43]; p = 0.03), or when the child died due to cancer (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, [1.29, 2.06]; p < 0.001). The increased risk did not, however, maintain thereafter (HR, 0.86; 95% CI: [0.75, 0.98]; p = 0.03), and there was no altered risk of parental death by suicide any time after the child's cancer diagnosis. Sibling comparison corroborated these findings. The main limitation of the study is the potential residual confounding by factors not shared between full siblings. Conclusions: In this study, we observed an increased risk of parental suicide attempt during the first years after a child's cancer diagnosis, especially when the child was diagnosed during childhood, or with an aggressive or fatal form of cancer. There was, however, no altered risk of parental death by suicide at any time after a child's cancer diagnosis. Our findings suggest extended clinical awareness of suicide attempt among parents of children with cancer, especially during the first few years after cancer diagnosis. In this large population based cohort study, Qianwei Liu and co-workers explore how a diagnosis of cancer in children influences suicide risk in parents. Author summary: Why was this study done?: Having a child with a cancer diagnosis is highly stressful for parents. Little is known about risk of parental suicidal behavior in relation to cancer diagnosis of a child. What did the researchers do and find?: We performed a binational population-based and sibling-controlled cohort study to investigate the association between cancer diagnosis of a child and the subsequent risk of suicide attempt or death by suicide among the parents. We observed an increased risk of parental suicide attempt during the first years after a child's cancer diagnosis, especially when the child was diagnosed during childhood, or with an aggressive or fatal form of cancer, in both the population-based comparison and the sibling comparison. What do these findings mean?: Our findings call for clinical awareness of the risk of suicide attempt among parents of children with cancer, primarily within the first years after cancer diagnosis of the child. Future studies are needed to examine the generalizability of our findings to other countries with different healthcare system, sociocultural context, and prevalence of cancer and suicidal behavior as Denmark and Sweden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Denmark and Sweden index their statutory retirement ages to life expectancy. When lifespan increases, so does retirement age. This policy does not consider demographic heterogeneity in life expectancy, e.g., between migrants and non-migrants, posing possible issues for pension policies that index retirement age to life expectancy. OBJECTIVE: To understand how mortality inequalities between migrants and non-migrants interact with the indexation of statutory retirement age in Denmark and Sweden. METHODS: We used Danish and Swedish registry data from 1988-2018, and included individuals aged 50+. Migrants were classified as European-born or non-European-born. We calculated the probability of dying before retirement age, remaining life expectancy at retirement age, lifespan inequalities after retirement age, and the likelihood that a nonmigrant would outlive a migrant. We also classified the Danish-born population into four income levels and compared them to migrant groups. RESULTS: Non-European-born migrants had the survival advantage in both countries, but equal or higher lifespan inequality at retirement. Sweden had a proportionally larger migrant population, but Denmark's was more diverse. The probability that a non-migrant would outsurvive a migrant was 40%-50% in both countries. CONCLUSIONS: The healthy migrant effect was observed in both Denmark and Sweden. Despite mortality advantages, migrants do not contribute to increasing life expectancy in Denmark or Sweden. CONTRIBUTION: This study contributes to the literature on mortality differences between migrants and non-migrants in Scandinavia. The novel contributions of this paper are the consideration of the socioeconomic status of non-migrants in Denmark, and the calculation of probabilities that migrants will outsurvive non-migrants, all within the context of pension policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigated the productivity of piglets and the efficiency of their rearing in relation to the type of feed preparation and the type of feeding, and the influence of these factors on growth intensity, piglet survival rate, feed costs and feed costs for rearing a piglet on farms in the Kingdom of Denmark, using data from the consultancy Svine Rådgivningen's open source evaluation analysis of DB-Tjek pig farms for 2021. It was found that preparing feed from own raw materials in the farms' capacities had no influence on the growth intensity of piglets during rearing and feed conversion during this period. At the same time, these farms had 9.15% lower costs per 1 kg of piglet growth, which contributed to a 1.05% reduction in the cost of a piglet at the end of rearing compared to farms feeding piglets exclusively with purchased feed. It was shown that the growth intensity of piglets did not depend on the feeding method, while liquid feeding contributed to a 4.99% improvement in feed conversion, resulting in a 3.03% reduction in the share of feed costs in the rearing of 1 animal. In addition, liquid feeding enabled a 0.67% reduction in the proportion of veterinary costs per animal. The feeding method was found to have a probable influence on the preservation of the piglets and the conversion of the feed during their rearing, but no significant influence on the intensity of the animals' growth and the feed costs of their rearing. At the same time, the method of feed preparation had no significant influence on any of the indicators studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prompted by the increasing public focus on environmental policy and the continuous inability of States to reach environmental targets agreed upon in the context of the United Nations and the European Union, we explore the development of discourses within the Danish public agenda regarding nature management 2016-2021. This is done through a mixed-methods framework of discourse analysis and structural topic modeling based on documents from the Danish Parliament's Environmental committee 2016-2021, estimating topic prevalence, and analyzing the discourses within each topic, resulting in a qualitative overview of 21 identified topics and their associated discourses and an overview of how the different topic proportions changed over time. A shift in the public agenda was found: a change from discussions about untouched forest focused on trade-offs between timber extraction and biodiversity, to a discussion about different understandings of animal welfare in the context of large grazers in nature national parks in Denmark., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

• State-of-the-art research tools and methodologies to assess environmental benefits. • Proposed methodology to identify habitat area change using global Copernicus data. • Translation of land use, land cover classes to habitat classification system. • ArcGIS toolbox developed and applied to Denmark and Netherlands study area. • Positive or negative effect evaluation of the measure from biodiversity response. Nature-Based solutions (NBS) are the measures supported by natural processes that can adapt to changing climates and generate diverse social, economic, and environmental benefits. Recognising the potential for additional NBS benefits, and quantifying these benefits is essential as it encourages decision-makers to implement and scale-up NBS initiatives. This paper presents findings from a systematic literature review. The review focused on tools and methodologies used for assessing the environmental benefits of implementing NBS. This review provides a detailed compilation of environmental indicators supported by assessment tools. It also includes a catalogue of tools for evaluating environmental benefits, thereby identifying research gaps. Moreover, this research proposes a methodology that uses an ArcGIS (Architecture of Geographic Information Systems) toolbox to identify habitat changes resulting from the implementation of NBS. The methodology translates CORINE (Coordination of Information on the Environment) land cover classes to EUNIS (European Nature Information System) habitat classes. The developed toolbox was applied to two case studies: Denmark (12 NBS) and the Netherlands (3 NBS). The assessment aimed to compare the habitat changes between 2000 and 2018 as two extreme time points for NBS implementation for both case studies. Results indicate that NBS implementation can change habitats leading to an increase in the Red-necked Grebe population in Denmark and a decline in the Black-tailed Godwit population in the Netherlands (two threatened species). The population change highlights the potential positive and potential negative impacts of NBS in their respective cases. These findings suggest Denmark could benefit from lake construction and restoration projects. At the same time, the Netherlands could invest in wetlands and meadows construction and restoration projects to protect the respective species. They could establish designated breeding zones to ensure their population does not decline rapidly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) constitute a massive global burden and are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In Greenland, the prevalence of NCDs has historically been low. However, during the past approximately 70 years, life circumstances have changed dramatically resulting in increased life expectancy. Today, the proportion of inhabitants in Greenland ≥65 years has nearly tripled since the 1980s, and the prevalence of obesity and diabetes has increased rapidly within the past decades. The aim of this study was to describe the burden of selected NCDs in a primary care setting in Nuuk and compare it to a modern westernized suburban general practice in Denmark. Methods: The study was performed as a cross sectional register-based study using data extracted from the electronic medical records (EMR) based on diagnosis codes from inhabitants living in Nuuk, Greenland, and a suburb in Denmark. Estimates of prevalence were age-standardized to the WHO world standard population. Results: In both Nuuk and the Danish suburb, the highest prevalence was observed for hypertension (13.2% for both populations), followed by asthma (4.4 and 9.5%, respectively) and diabetes (4.3 and 2.9%, respectively). The age-standardized prevalences of diabetes, COPD, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure, were significantly higher in Nuuk, while seven NCDs including asthma, ischemic heart disease, arthritis urica, psoriasis, hyperthyreosis, hypothyreosis and osteoporosis were significantly higher in the Danish suburb. Conclusion: In contrast to the disease pattern observed in Greenland in the last century, the prevalence of diagnosed NCDs in Nuuk is no longer rare. Thus, the overall prevalence of NCDs in the population of Nuuk is now comparable to or even higher than in the suburb in Denmark. This calls for increased focus on all NCDs in the primary healthcare system in Greenland and adaption of the primary healthcare services to a changed disease spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The Nordic countries represent a unique case study for the COVID-19 pandemic due to socioeconomic and cultural similarities, high-quality comparable administrative register data and notable differences in mitigation policies during the pandemic. We aimed to compare weekly excess mortality in the Nordic countries across the three full pandemic years 2020–2022. Methods Using data on weekly all-cause mortality from official administrative registers in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, we employed time series regression models to assess mortality developments within each pandemic year, with the period 2010–2019 used as reference period. We then compared excess mortality across the countries in 2020–2022, taking differences in population size and age- and sex-distribution into account. Results were age- and sex-standardized to the Danish population of 2020. Robustness was examined with a variety of sensitivity analyses. Results While Sweden experienced excess mortality in 2020 [75 excess deaths per 100 000 population (95% prediction interval 29–122)], Denmark, Finland and Norway experienced excess mortality in 2022 [52 (14–90), 130 (83–177) and 88 (48–128), respectively]. Weekly death data reveal how mortality started to increase in mid-2021 in Denmark, Finland and Norway, and continued above the expected level through 2022. Conclusion Although the Nordic countries experienced relatively low pandemic excess mortality, the impact and timing of excess mortality differed substantially. These estimates—arguably the most accurate available for any region in capturing pandemic-related excess deaths—may inform future research and policy regarding the complex mortality dynamics in times of a health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inequity in healthcare utilisation refers to differences between groups that remain after adjustment for need for health care. To our knowledge, no previous studies have aimed to assess social inequity in chiropractic utilisation in a general population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate social inequity in chiropractic utilisation in the general Danish population adjusted for health status as a proxy of need for chiropractic care. Methods: A population-based repeated cross-sectional study design was used based on the Danish National Health Survey in 2010 and 2017. Overall, we included 288,099 individuals aged 30 years or older in 2010 or 2017. For each individual, information on chiropractic utilisation, socioeconomic status, and health status as a proxy of need for chiropractic care was retrieved from nationwide registers using the unique personal identification number. Measures of health status included demographics, poor self-rated physical health, activity limitations, musculoskeletal pain, number of musculoskeletal conditions, and number of chronic diseases. We investigated social inequity in chiropractic utilisation (yes, no) using logistic regression adjusted for health status, stratified by sex and year. Three characteristics of socioeconomic status (educational level, employment status and income) were investigated. To further quantify the degree of social inequity in chiropractic utilisation, we estimated the concentration index of inequity for each of the three characteristics of socioeconomic status. Results: We found significantly higher odds of chiropractic utilisation among individuals with short or medium/long education compared with individuals with elementary education, and among employed individuals compared with individuals who were unemployed, receiving disability pension or retired. Furthermore, the odds of chiropractic utilisation increased with higher income. The concentration index indicated social inequity in chiropractic utilisation in favour of individuals with higher socioeconomic status, with income and employment status contributing more to inequity than educational level. Conclusion: The study demonstrated social inequity in chiropractic utilisation in Denmark beyond differences in health status as a proxy of need for chiropractic care in the general population. The results suggest that new strategies are required if equal treatment for equal need is the goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding the prognostic impact of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in chronic total occlusion (CTO) is crucial for patient management. Previous studies have primarily been studying prognostic impact of successful versus unsuccessful CTO PCI. This study investigated the prognostic impact of successful and unsuccessful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of chronic total occluded coronary arteries (CTO) with non-CTO PCI as reference. Methods: Patients treated with PCI from 2009 to 2019 in the Central Region of Denmark were included in a population-based cohort study. We compared successful and unsuccessful CTO PCI with non-CTO PCI. Exclusion criteria was myocardial infarction within 30 days. Primary outcome was difference in a composite major adverse cardio- and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) encompassing all-cause death, any myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure or revascularization tracked via nationwide registries. Results: Of 21,141 screened patients, 10,638 were enrolled: 9,065 underwent non-CTO PCI, 1,300 had successful CTO PCI, and 273 had unsuccessful CTO PCI. Median follow-up time was 5.9 [3.5;9.0] years and 4,750 MACCEs were recorded. Compared to non-CTO PCI, the adjusted MACCE rate for successful CTO PCI was equivalent (Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.98, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.90–1.07, p = 0.71). In contrast, unsuccessful CTO PCI was associated with a higher MACCE rate (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04–1.43, p<0.01). HR was adjusted for age, body-mass index, previous revascularization, smoking, kidney disease, two or three-vessel disease, left ventricular ejection fraction, diabetes and comorbidities. Conclusions: The pre-specified hypothesis was accepted. Successful CTO PCI was associated with equivalent long-term outcomes as non-CTO PCI, and unsuccessful CTO PCI was identified as a high-risk group associated to worse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine fisheries are increasingly impacted by climate change, affecting species distribution and productivity, and necessitating urgent adaptation efforts. Climate vulnerability assessments (CVA), integrating expert knowledge, are vital for identifying species that could thrive or suffer under changing environmental conditions. This study presents a first CVA for the Western Baltic Sea's fish community, a crucial fishing area for Denmark and Germany. Characterized by a unique mix of marine, brackish, and freshwater species, this coastal ecosystem faces significant changes due to the combined effects of overfishing, eutrophication and climate change. Our CVA involved a qualitative expert scoring of 22 fish species, assessing their sensitivity and exposure to climate change. Our study revealed a dichotomy in climate change vulnerability within the fish community of the Western Baltic Sea because traditional fishing targets cod and herring as well as other species with complex life histories are considered to face increased risks, whereas invasive or better adaptable species might thrive under changing conditions. Our findings hence demonstrate the complex interplay between life-history traits and climate change vulnerability in marine fish communities. Eventually, our study provides critical knowledge for the urgent development of tailored adaptation efforts addressing existing but especially future effects of climate change on fish and fisheries in the Western Baltic Sea, to navigate this endangered fisheries systems into a sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, general practices in Denmark rapidly introduced video consultations (VCs) to prevent viral transmission. Aim: To study the use of VCs in daytime general practice by describing the rate of VCs, and the patient characteristics associated with having VCs. Design & setting: Register-based study of consultations in daytime general practice in Denmark. Method: We included all consultations in daytime general practice from 1 January 2019–30 November 2021. We calculated the rate of video use and categorised the general practices into no, low, and high use. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for having a VC for different patient characteristics when contacting a video-using practice, stratified for low- and high-using practices. Results: A total of 30 148 478 eligible consultations were conducted during the pandemic period. VCs were used mostly during the early stage pandemic period, declining to about 2% of all clinic consultations in the late-stage period. Patients having more VCs were young, had a long education, were employed, and lived in big cities. In low-using practices, native Danes and 'western' immigrants had higher odds of receiving a VC than 'non-western' immigrants, and patients with ≥2 comorbidities had lower odds than those without comorbidities. Conclusion: Patients of a younger age, with long education, or employment had higher odds of receiving a VC, while patients of an older age and patients who had retired had lower odds. This difference in the access to VCs warrants further attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate streamflow estimation is essential for effective water resource management and adapting to extreme events in the face of changing climate conditions. Hydrological models have been the conventional approach for streamflow interpolation and extrapolation in time and space for the past few decades. However, their large-scale applications have encountered challenges, including issues related to efficiency, complex parameterization, and constrained performance. Deep learning methods, such as long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, have emerged as a promising and efficient approach for large-scale streamflow estimation. In this study, we have conducted a series of experiments to identify optimal hybrid modeling schemes to consolidate physically based models with LSTM aimed at enhancing streamflow estimation in Denmark. The results show that the hybrid modeling schemes outperformed the Danish National Water Resources Model (DKM) in both gauged and ungauged basins. While the standalone LSTM rainfall–runoff model outperformed DKM in many basins, it faced challenges when predicting the streamflow in groundwater-dependent catchments. A serial hybrid modeling scheme (LSTM-q), which used DKM outputs and climate forcings as dynamic inputs for LSTM training, demonstrated higher performance. LSTM-q improved the mean Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) by 0.22 in gauged basins and 0.12 in ungauged basins compared to DKM. Similar accuracy improvements were achieved with alternative hybrid schemes, i.e., by predicting the residuals between DKM-simulated streamflow and observations using LSTM. Moreover, the developed hybrid models enhanced the accuracy of extreme events, which encourages the integration of hybrid models within an operational forecasting framework. This study highlights the advantages of synergizing existing physically based hydrological models (PBMs) with LSTM models, and the proposed hybrid schemes hold the potential to achieve high-quality large-scale streamflow estimations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern dog and cat owners increasingly use internet resources to obtain information on pet health issues. While access to online information can improve owners' knowledge of patient care and inform conversations with their veterinarian during consultations, there is also a risk that owners will misinterpret online information or gain a false impression of current standards in veterinary medicine. This in turn can cause problems or tensions, for example if the owner delays consulting their veterinarian about necessary treatment, or questions the veterinarian's medical advice. Based on an online questionnaire aimed at dog and cat owners in Austria, Denmark and the United Kingdom (N = 2117) we investigated the use of internet resources to find veterinary medical information, the type of internet resources that were used, and whether owner beliefs explain how often they used the internet to find medical information about their pet. Approximately one in three owners reported that they never used internet resources prior to (31.7%) or after (37.0%) a consultation with their veterinarian. However, when owners do make use of the internet, our results show that they were more likely to use it before than after the consultation. The most common internet resources used by owners were practice websites (35.0%), veterinary association websites (24.0%), or 'other' websites providing veterinary information (55.2%). Owners who believe that the use of internet resources enables them to have a more informed discussion with their veterinarians more often use internet resources prior to a consultation, whereas owners who believed that internet resources help them to make the right decision for their animal more often use internet resources after a consultation. The results suggest that veterinarians should actively ask pet owners if they use internet resources, and what resources they use, in order to facilitate open discussion about information obtained from the internet. Given that more than a third of pet owners use practice websites, the findings also suggest that veterinarians should actively curate their own websites where they can post information that they consider accurate and trustworthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how the culture within a Danish university study programme affects students' aspirations of becoming a high school chemistry teacher. We draw on ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative interviews to describe and analyse the culture of the programme. In the analysis we foreground the case of two students to understand their identity negotiations and changes in their teacher aspirations over time. By combining a 'domains-of-power framework' with the concept of 'science identity', we show how everyday practices formed a culture of power that positioned research in the centre and teaching as a less attractive career path. By unfolding the subtle mechanisms that together form a culture of power, which works both to include and exclude, we show the ways in which the two student's aspirations for becoming high school chemistry teachers somewhat diminished over time. The study concludes that negotiating a science identity at a research-intensive university programme, makes it almost impossible to develop and keep an aspiration for becoming a high school teacher. To address the current and future shortage of science teachers across Europe, our findings underline the need for a more inclusive culture at the university to support science students' diverse aspirations.

Transitioning energy systems to renewable sources requires a paradigm shift in system operation: Rather than only dispatching central generators to match volatile demand, the demand side must also be adjusted flexibly to match renewable generation. Electrified heating is one source of such flexibility, via demand response and heat storage. In energy system analysis, demand response is often modelled as a direct control problem, where central decisions set demand levels. We consider this an over-simplification and have previously proposed Frigg, a framework for integrating price-based indirect demand response models in energy system analysis. In this article, a reformulation is proposed that solves central previous shortcomings, such as modelling a larger number of intertemporal constraints. This allows wide application of Frigg in energy system modelling. In this paper, Frigg is applied to soft-link plan4EU, a European electricity dispatch model, and the Flexibility Function. Based on this modelling setup, we conduct a case study on the role of power-to-heat demand flexibility, in the form of demand response and heat storage, in the Danish electricity system of 2050. Our results highlight the significance of Denmark as an electricity transit country: We find that power-to-heat demand response offers mild cost savings in the Danish electricity system, mainly through lower-cost electricity imports and higher-cost exports. Similarly, heat storage allows utilisation of the Danish geographical position. Heat storage achieves significantly higher savings than only demand response. Combining heat storage with demand response achieves similar operational savings but lowers heat-storage investment costs, leading to an overall cost reduction of approximately 7% in 2050. [Display omitted] • Frigg 2.0 integrates price-based demand response into energy system planning. • plan4EU models the European electricity system of 2050. • Frigg links it to Flexibility Function for Danish power-to-heat demand flexibility. • Mild cost-savings through demand response, higher through heat storage. • And highest when combining both (approx. 7%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the age of digitalization, data centers are critical facilities that help people and businesses in many sectors. Data centers, like other assets requiring high investment, face several risks during their operation. Also, data centers seek sustainable sources to boost their operations when selecting the most appropriate location. Therefore, the location of a data center is chosen based on sustainability and risk assessment. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted for data center risk evaluation with environmental and sustainability assessment. This paper evaluates the eight main criteria and the forty-five sub-criteria for selecting the most appropriate location for the data center when considering the fifty different economies in different business regions. For this particular purpose, the continuous intuitionistic fuzzy sets (CIFS)-based analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is presented to define the weights of each criterion and sub-criterion. Then, the CIFS-based technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) is developed to rank the fifty economies integrated with the weights from the CIFS-based AHP. Moreover, eight different scenarios were conducted, and comparison studies were presented. Finally, Denmark, Switzerland, and The Netherlands are the top three selections based on the criteria. [Display omitted] • Fuzzy multi-criteria methods are developed to evaluate data center locations. • Natural, energy, and infrastructure risks are the top three pillars. • Economies are ranked based on the eight scenarios with sustainability and risks. • Denmark tops the charts with the highest score associated with fifty economies. • Based on each income level, Denmark, Brazil, and Tunisia are suitable locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current management of mesenteric ischemia is primarily endovascular stent treatment. Typical CMI symptoms are postprandial abdominal pain, food fear, weight loss, and diarrhea. Revascularization is often necessary, as mesenteric ischemia may progress to bowel necrosis and death if left untreated. This study aims to compare the outcome using bare metal stent (BMS) or covered stent (CS) in the endovascular treatment of chronic and acute on chronic mesenteric ischemia. Methods: This is an investigator-driven, prospective, randomized, single-blinded, and single-center, national cohort study at the Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark. A total of 98 patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) and acute-on-chronic mesenteric ischemia (AoCMI) will be randomized to treatment with either BeSmooth BMS (Bentley Innomed GmbH) or BeGraft CS (Bentley Innomed GmbH). Randomization occurs intraoperatively after lesion crossing. Discussion: There is currently no published data from prospective controlled trials regarding the preferred type of stent used for the treatment of chronic and acute-on-chronic mesenteric ischemia. This trial will evaluate the short- and long-term outcome of BMS versus CS when treating CMI and AoCMI, as well as the benefit of a more intense postoperative surveillance program. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05244629. Registered on February 8, 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the challenges women with neuromuscular disease face when having to urinate when away from home. The design for this study was qualitative using the interpretive description methodology and the Sense of Coherence theory. The method was three semi-structured focus group interviews with 12 women (3 ambulant and 9 non-ambulant) with neuromuscular diseases at a specialized rehabilitation hospital. We found that physical and functional barriers hampered the opportunity to urinate when away from home due to lack of accessibility and impaired physical functioning. Psychosocial impacts were related to inconvenience and dependency on relatives, fear of stigmatization and impacted dignity, and the constant social sacrifices. The challenge of access to adequate and equitable sanitation for women with neuromuscular diseases is not at always met in society, and these women consequently often must resort to repressing the fundamental need to urinate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]