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Background: Oral problems are a common occurrence among school-age children. In order to develop effective oral health interventions and services, it is essential to determine children's oral health behaviours using an internationally accepted standardised instrument that is child-friendly. However, no instrument currently exists to measure oral health according to the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in Turkish school-aged children. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Oral Health Questionnaire, which includes the components of the theory of planned behavior such as attitude toward children's oral health, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and self-efficacy, for the Turkish population. Methods: This was a methodological–descriptive–correlational study conducted on 298 school children aged 9–10 years. Data were collected using The Oral Health Questionnaire. The data were evaluated using explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, item-total score correlation, and Pearson product-moment correlation analysis. Results: Factor analysis confirmed the five-dimensional structure. The factor loads were greater than 0.30, and all fit indices were greater than 0.90. The model consistency indexes were found to be X2 = 146.95, RMSEA = 0.053, GFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.98, IFI = 0.97, and NNFI = 0.97. The Cronbach's alpha values of its sub-dimensions were 0.71 and 0.80. Conclusions: The Turkish version of Oral Health Questionnaire is considered a reliable and valid instrument that can be used by professionals to determine children's attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and oral and dental health intentions toward tooth brushing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: This study aimed to determine whether standard-dose vitamin D supplementation could provide adequate levels in exclusively breastfed infants born with different cord 25(OH)D levels and to evaluate related neonatal morbidities. (2) Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was designed in term infants. Three groups were formed based on cord 25(OH)D levels; Group1 Deficiency:25(OH)D < 12 ng/mL, Group2 Insufficiency:25(OH)D = 12–19 ng/mL, and Group3 Optimum:25(OH)D = 20–100 ng/mL. Cord and 1st month 25(OH)D levels, after receiving standard-dose vitamin D prophylaxis, neonatal outcomes and anthropometric measurements were compared. (3) Results: The study involved 86 infants. Group1 Deficiency had also significantly lower 25(OH)D levels at 1st month compared to the others (p < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between cord and 1st month 25(OH)D levels (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). Despite the fact that the mother's age and clothing style were similar, Group1 Deficiency mothers had higher parity numbers and used less vitamin D during pregnancy (p = 0.03, p = 0.04). Neonatal outcomes analysis revealed that newborns in Group1 Deficiency experienced more respiratory distress, transient tachypnea, and early-onset sepsis, as well as more and longer hospital stays in the first-month of life (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Infants with low cord 25(OH)D levels had also lower 25(OH)D values in the 1st month of life and experienced higher rates of neonatal morbidities. Given its numerous biological activities and impact on neonatal morbidities, determining an individualized dose of vitamin D supplementation may be more accurate than using the standard approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Cryptocurrency addiction is a new type of behavioral addiction that should be urgently addressed by professionals within the public mental health context. Therefore, a psychometrically sound measurement tool is urgently needed. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a 'cryptocurrency addiction scale'. Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and methodological design. Setting: Turkey. Participants: A total of 279 Turkish people participated in the first stage and 289 people participated in the second stage of the study. Methods: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test construct validity. To test criterion-related validity, Pearson's correlation coefficients between the Cryptocurrency Addiction Scale and the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2, De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were investigated. Internal reliability was assessed using Cronbach's a and McDonald's ra. Test-retest reliability was tested using Pearson's correlation between these two measures. Results: Exploratory factor analysis resulted in the extraction of six factors (conflict, tolerance, relapse, withdrawal, mood modification, and salience), which explained 63.41% of the total variance. The first-and second-order confirmatory factor analysis models showed good model fit. Participants' scores on the Cryptocurrency Addiction Scale showed significant positive correlations with problematic Internet use, loneliness, and sleepiness scores. Cronbach's a and McDonald's ra reliability coefficients of the scale were 0.93. A significant positive correlation was found between the test and retest scores of the scale. Conclusion: The Cryptocurrency Addiction Scale showed good construct validity, criterion-related validity, internal reliability, and test-retest reliability. Validity and reliability studies of the Cryptocurrency Addiction Scale in other languages are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevention and treatment of pain may positively influence mechanical ventilation, physiological indicators and the use of analgesic drugs, and the mortality rate. Depending on invasive procedures, intubated patients experience varying levels of pain and may have various responses to pain. Aim: The present study aimed to define pain behaviors and hemodynamic parameters and to examine the effects of endotracheal suctioning and invasive procedures on hemodynamic parameters and pain behaviors in adult intensive care patients. Methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive-observational design. Each patient was observed during 1 suctioning and 2 different invasive procedures (3 observations). Researchers observed each patient during one suctioning procedure and 2 invasive procedures (intra-arterial catheter insertion, nasogastric tube application, subcutaneous injection, or intravenous catheter insertion). The pain behaviors and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated 4 times in total (before the procedure, during the procedure, 5 minutes, and 15 minutes after the procedure). The observation results were recorded. Results: Statistically significant differences were detected in hemodynamic parameters (i.e. blood pressure, pulse rate, saturation) observed before, during, and after the suctioning (p < .05). The sample consisted of 66 intubated patients treated at the intensive care unit. Behavioral Pain Scale scores increased during the suctioning and invasive procedures compared to pre-suctioning. Nasogastric tube insertion, intra-arterial catheter insertions, and intravenous injection applications were the most painful interventions, respectively. Concluson: The intensive care patients must be monitored closely for pain indicators and hemodynamic changes during invasive procedures. Especially nasogastric tube insertion and injection applications must be performed carefully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]