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A thin oxide film on NZ alloy (Zr-1Sn-0.3Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr) was formed to investigate the correlation of microstructure and corrosion behavior at the initial stage by directly identifying defect-enriched sites. The sites of high conductivity are revealed and labelled by silver deposition, and in the further investigation of microstructure secondary phase precipitates (SPPs) interconnected with micro cracks are found below. Enrichment of oxygen-18 and deuterium in SPPs after isotopic tracing by secondary corrosion highlights their influence on carrier diffusion. Thus, the percolation for corrosion media transportation is reached locally by SPPs interconnected with micro cracks. • New method of silver deposition to pinpoint the permeable sites of the oxide film for carrier diffusion. • Discovery of oxygen and hydrogen enriched in SPPs after isotope tracing. • SPPs bridge micro cracks as the preferential pathways of corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NaNbO 3 (NN) ceramics are promising candidate materials for capacitors, where dielectric properties are crucial for application in complex circumstances. However, conventional sintering requires several hours for the sintering process, which is not only inefficient but also results in significant energy consumption. In this study, NN ceramics with a relative density of 95% and smaller grain size were obtained using an ultrafast high-temperature sintering (UHS) at 1100 °C for 60 s. The dielectric constant of NN ceramics at 1 KHz keeps at 1460.52, with a low dielectric loss. And UHS technique refines the grains and prevents the volatilization of Na for a very short time, which is because it bypasses the necking stage and effectively prevents grain coarsening. This novel technique provides a simple and efficient technical support to obtain dielectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]