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Noncontiguous school attendance zone boundaries (AZBs) have a unique, relatively uncommon shape that assign two or more non-adjacent residential areas to the same school. Given their ability to shape school enrollments by taking advantage of residential sorting, noncontiguous AZBs have historically been linked to explicit efforts to both segregate and desegregate schools. In this paper, we use a novel, longitudinal dataset of AZBs and descriptive quantitative and geospatial methods to understand how the relationship between noncontiguous zones, school diversity, and neighborhood demographics changed from 1990-2020 in two southwestern school districts--Tucson Unified School District, Arizona and Fort Bend Independent School District, Texas. Each district has a unique legal history and demographic context that informs their use of noncontiguous AZBs. We find noncontiguous AZBs are more strongly associated with racially diverse schools and are more likely to bring together neighborhoods with different compositions in Tucson compared to Fort Bend. However, the association between Tucson's noncontiguous AZBs and racially diverse schools has waned since 1990, as the district has negotiated the end of its court-ordered desegregation plan. Our findings provide insight into when and how noncontiguous AZBs can effectively contribute to ethnoracially diverse schools.

The article provides a guide on writing original research papers, emphasizing the importance of adhering to international guidelines and journal-specific instructions for successful publication. It also discusses the preparation of research papers from early study phases, the use of guidelines such as CONSORT and STROBE for different research types, and the need for clear, concise scientific language.

In an era of major advances in the digital world, artificial intelligence has been a part of programs, tools, applications, and platforms. It has also been integrated into fields of education including language teaching and learning. To this end, ChatGPT, one of the most recent AI-driven systems, has been proposed to support language learners' personalized studies. Thus, this paper presents a qualitative study aiming to explore how Turkish EFL learners in higher education use ChatGPT for speaking. For a deeper understanding, the study was designed as a case study which used multiple sources to collect qualitative data. In this sense, semi-structured interviews were held with the participants, and through open-ended questions, they were asked about their study habits and any background knowledge about ChatGPT. In a following session, they were introduced the chatbot and instructed on possible ways to use it for speaking practice. Screen recordings of the usage by the participants were another source to observe and later describe the process for the researcher. A final session of the interviews planned as a stimulated recall was held to explore the participants' ChatGPT use experience through their reflection. The thematic analysis of the data revealed codes and themes leading to language teaching implications about learner characteristics and use of AI for language studies.

With the rapid development of information technology, multimedia technology has gradually penetrated various fields, including physical education in colleges and universities. Traditional physical education teaching methods lack interaction, and it is difficult to ensure the durability and depth of the effect of teaching. In college physical education teaching, multimedia technology can be displayed through various forms of media, and it helps to stimulate students' interest and enthusiasm in learning. Therefore, we need to find a new teaching method to improve current physical education in colleges and universities. This paper expounds the applications of multimedia technology in college physical education from three dimensions: video teaching, audio teaching, and virtual reality technology. The effect of applying multimedia technology in physical education teaching is analyzed through case studies. This paper will provide a useful reference for the innovation and development of physical education teaching in colleges and universities.

Autism spectrum disorder is a complex neurological disorder characterized by impairments in communication and social interaction, limited patterns of behavior, interests and activities. Given the different forms of autism spectrum disorder and the fact that no two people are the same, an individual approach to each individual is required. Musical ability is one of the special talents that a child with an autism spectrum disorder can have. Such a child should be allowed to practice music. As a therapy, music therapy has proven to be effective in working with children with autism spectrum disorder, i.e. it has a positive effect on communication, vocalization, joint attention, eye contact, concentration, cooperation, cognitive functions, social skills, etc. This paper presents the observations obtained through the study case. The aim of the research was to show the behavior of students with autism spectrum disorder in the Music culture class and the impact of music therapy on their behavior. For the purposes of the research, two interviews were conducted, i.e. with a teaching assistant who worked with a student with an autism spectrum disorder and with the student's parents. The case study showed that the student has a developed musical ability, that he participates actively, with reserved attention, only in the Music culture classes, and that music therapy helped him in his expression and speech. It is essential to give these kids the tools they need to further develop their musical abilities. It will contribute to children with autism spectrum disorder feeling safe, happy, and accepted in their environment.

The vast majority of Chinese universities have embraced higher education reform that emphasizes a "publish or perish" ideology. This brings challenges to the early-career academics, especially those working in language-related fields. This paper employs a multiple case study to explore the identity tension of early career academics in applied linguistics. The three cases had diverse backgrounds and demonstrated different identity trajectories. Data were triangulated through narrative frames, interviews, and documents. Data analysis was conducted using an inductive approach that focused on interpreting the underlying meanings within the data, drawing upon relevant theoretical frameworks for guidance. The findings revealed an array of identity options (e.g., "temporary worker", "blind follower", "green pepper", "leek"). The factors that shaped the identity construction included the shifting value of being a teacher and researcher, intensified "publish-or-perish" ideology, and changing institutional and societal systems and requirements. Implications on teacher development for early-career academics in applied linguistics were proposed based on the findings.

This article examines the power dynamics underpinning performance management at a selected South African university. It specifically employs Michel Foucault's (1977) ideas on Governmentality to interpret the envisioning of performance management in this context at the level of Policy. The study employed a qualitative research methodology to address the questions at hand. Data were generated from one primary source: a discourse analysis of the Performance Management Policy (2013) at a selected university in South Africa. Using Michel Foucault's (1991) theories on governmentality, a discourse analysis of Performance Management Policy documents was conducted with the goal of critically interrogating the kinds of new academic subjectivities being created in South African higher education. The findings show that the Policy on Performance Management at the university in question works towards creating academic subjects which conform with the university's expectations and are consistently self- regulated. Findings also show that management of academics is constantly controlled and regulated by a powerful matrix of governance, comprising the university and the wider global community. This paper recommends that performance management discourses should take into stronger cognizance the matter of academic freedom and autonomy. We further recommend that Policy developers and management teams at universities be conscious of the complex forces of power that shape academic identities so that their policies move away from oppressive discourses. We argue that there is much we can learn from governmentality theory if we hope to build more just and equitable societies going forward.

Dialogue and reasoning are central to mathematics. Despite a substantial body of research illustrating the benefit of talk in the classroom, an educational debate remains in schools about how much time and empowerment should be given to children to talk in lessons. For many teachers, particularly post-pandemic, there is a professional concern about the quality of children's communication skills. An example of this is that many children appear to have difficulty in engaging in productive mathematical dialogue, and struggle to articulate their reasoning strategies. This paper explores children's class-based experiences of using talk cue cards as resources intended to support dialogue and hence mathematical reasoning. A case study approach was used to explore the experiences of key stage 2 children. The study showed that talk cue cards could break down some barriers to effective communication and so enhance children's quality of mathematical reasoning, whilst supporting engagement in metatalk about reasoning. Potential implications for educators are explored in terms of both classroom and mathematical practices such as: co-constructing agreed hallmarks of high-quality talk; teacher and peer modelling; and allotting time for the exploration of the talk cue cards.

The role of technology in education is becoming increasingly important, and the introduction of advanced technology and AI is transforming the way we learn. Virtual reality (VR) is an effective technology that enhances student engagement and improves learning outcomes. However, the cost of implementing VR is a significant concern for educational institutions, making integrating VR technology into education challenging. To address this challenge, this study aims to explore the costs associated with integrating VR into architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) education. The study had three objectives: to identify relevant case studies that utilized VR in AEC education, to perform keyword analysis, and to conduct a cost analysis of the selected case studies. The thematic analysis identified VR applications in various categories, including VR platforms, construction safety training, design review simulators, civil engineering labs, building information modeling (BIM) integration, architectural design, and surveying engineering. The results revealed that the cost of VR varies based on the application, indicating that it is possible to implement VR in education even on a limited budget. This research provides valuable insights and recommendations for researchers and practitioners who want to adopt VR technology in AEC education effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The context for this study is the volatile, turbulent, and disruptive environment that affects higher education everywhere. A plethora of key problems facing higher education are identified. Among these are escalating costs and declining public support for higher education. This means that international education must compete with other possible priorities, such as strengthening disciplines or making campuses more attractive to prospective students. The basic aim of this paper is to develop a set of best practices to promote excellence and rigor in international higher education. In that sense, this could be called action research. This could also be considered the story of how to develop excellence and rigor in international higher education. The major methodology for this study is multiple case studies research and mixed methods research. Another method is reflective participant experience based on the author's seven decades of engagement with the internationalization of higher education. Both value premises and positionality, which might influence the research are openly shared. In terms of theoretical foundations, key genres of internationalization are identified and described, such as critical, comparative, and comprehensive internationalization. Then, in terms of results, in the next quantitative section of the paper, eight statistical tables are shared that show the current status of international higher education, primarily in the U.S., while also including a table showing the most international universities in the world. Then, in the next qualitative part of the study, 11 exemplary cases are presented, such as CAMPUS Asia, Volunteers in Asia (VIA), and the International Cooperative Learning Project. These projects involve a total of about 20 countries. The criteria for selection were factors such as depth, sustainability, and impactful, transformative learning. The paper concludes with an articulation of the best practices to achieve excellence in international education and the principle that true liberal education is inherently international and intercultural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowdsourced spatial analytics is a rapidly developing field that involves collecting and analyzing geographical data, utilizing the collective power of human observation. This paper explores the field of spatial data analytics and crowdsourcing and how recently developed tools, cloud-based GIS, and artificial intelligence (AI) are being applied in this domain. This paper examines and discusses cutting-edge technologies and case studies in different fields of spatial data analytics and crowdsourcing used in a wide range of industries and government departments such as urban planning, health, transportation, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, by understanding the concerns associated with data quality and data privacy, this paper explores the potential of crowdsourced data while also examining the related problems. This study analyzes the obstacles and challenges related to "geospatial crowdsourcing", identifying significant limitations and predicting future trends intended to overcome the related challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Preceptorships offer prelicensure nursing students the opportunity to meet their clinical objectives by working one-on-one with a registered nurse (RN). Although preceptorships can be provided for any clinical course, most prelicensure nursing programs offer them during the final semester. Preceptorships provide a bridge between academic study and the real world of nursing. By acting as a teacher, role model, evaluator, and person who can help a student to socialize with the profession, a preceptor can reduce the reality shock experienced by new nurses and provide them with realistic expectations about the nursing profession. The recent nursing shortage has inadvertently led to a preceptor shortage and forced the nursing leadership to become dependent on available RNs, including those without preceptor training or experience. Purpose: This practice update paper aimed to address the facilitators and barriers associated with preceptorships for prelicensure nursing students and discuss the proposed solutions for effective clinical preceptorship based on evidence and the author's personal reflections. Conclusion: The major facilitators were the discussion of nursing program expectations, the selection of teaching strategies with real-world examples, the creation of a structured weekly plan to promote learning, and the consideration of alternative teaching approaches. The major barriers were preceptors' dual responsibilities to students and patients, challenging students, and the lack of experienced preceptors. The proposed solutions included obtaining support from the nursing leadership team to ensure that the preceptor had a balanced workload, developing the emotional competence of the preceptor, addressing challenging students through a three-way conference with the student, the preceptor, and the clinical faculty and a written plan to ensure student progress, having the nursing leadership conduct periodic assessments of the preceptor pool, and ensuring that appropriate training was offered to candidates who were willing to become preceptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing the sustainability of the non-timber forest products industry has dual significance for both the management of local forest resources and socio-economic development. This paper adopts a systems theory perspective to construct an analytical model for the sustainable development of non-timber forest products, based on a "social-economic-natural" framework. By analyzing case studies of non-timber forest products industry sustainability from four underdeveloped counties in China, the paper derives the following main conclusions and insights: The sustainability of non-timber forest products development models is influenced by factors such as resource endowments and institutional environments and includes both single and composite models. Underdeveloped regions can achieve considerable sustainability in the development of non-timber forest products, but this requires a rational allocation of six key elements—policy, model, stakeholders, natural resources, funding, and technology—to stimulate industry growth. To promote the sustainable development of this industry, optimization should be pursued across five aspects: "policy leadership and top-level design to guide industry development", "selection of appropriate development models based on local natural endowments and socio-economic foundations", "large enterprise-driven mechanisms to form multi-stakeholder interest connections", "focus on product technology research and development, and establishment of technical training mechanisms", and "market-driven funding to develop product sales markets". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airport areas generate significant air pollution from both air and surface traffic. Policy makers often address this by considering single contributions, either from rubber-tired vehicles or aircraft, leading to an underestimation of the non-considered-mode's impact. Similarly, literature on airport pollution often focuses on specific case studies, evaluating either surface or air traffic. Understanding the overlap of these contributions requires calculation of emissions from both traffic modes. This raises two research questions: which is the major contributor, and what mitigation measures can be applied? This paper addresses these questions through two Italian case studies. In the first, we estimated emissions from passenger cars, buses, and aircraft in a medium-sized airport representative of similar facilities across Italy and Europe, calculating emissions using COPERT for surface modes and ICAO methodologies for each LTO cycle. Results showed that aircraft emissions were significantly higher than those from surface vehicles. To address this, the second case study examined four mitigation measures at take-off and landing at another Italian airport, recalculating emissions via the same methodologies. The paper details the methodology process, presents results, and discusses the management of air-operations' effects at urban airports within local mobility policies and practice, all within the research goal of advancing knowledge farther afield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of water injection management practices for complex and impactful onshore and offshore carbonate reservoirs. It delves into the fundamental aspects of waterflooding design, surveillance techniques, and monitoring methods tailored for the unique challenges posed by carbonate formations. Two case studies from the Permian Basin in Texas and two from Lula Field offshore Brazil and Agbami Field offshore Nigeria are examined considering scientific principles into practice to provide insights into best practices, lessons learned, and strategies to maximize the benefits derived from real noteworthy waterflood operations. The paper underscores the significance of rigorous reservoir characterization, including understanding reservoir architecture, heterogeneities, fracture networks, fluid communication pathways, and rock–fluid interactions. It emphasizes the crucial role of integrated multidisciplinary teams involving geologists, reservoir engineers, production engineers, and field operators in ensuring successful waterflood design, implementation, and optimization. Through the case studies, the paper highlights the importance of designing pattern configurations, well placements, and injection/production strategies to the specific reservoir characteristics, continually optimizing these elements based on surveillance data. It also stresses the necessity of comprehensive data acquisition, advanced analytics, numerical simulations, and frequent model updates for effective reservoir management and decision-making. The paper is impactful in terms of the lessons learned from the actual case studies, and how can these be implemented in actual field projects. Different case studies documented in the paper provide the challenges facing them and how different authors have addressed their problems in unique ways. The paper distills the information and important findings from a variety of case studies and provides succinct information that is of immense value as a reference. Important findings of these case studies are connected using creativity and are innovative as they introduce unique techniques and establish successful ideas to create new value in terms of maximizing oil recovery. Most importantly, this paper explores the application of innovative technologies, such as intelligent completions, 4D seismic monitoring, and water–alternating gas (WAG) injection, which can significantly improve waterflood performance in complex carbonate reservoirs. In summary, the paper provides a thorough understanding of the factors contributing to the success and failure of waterfloods in carbonate reservoirs through case studies based on factually and technically sound operations. It documents guidelines for optimizing waterflood performance and reducing or eliminating the potential for failures, reinforcing positive results in these challenging yet invaluable hydrocarbon resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper surveys the energy literature and systematically reviews the path to an inclusive and sustainable energy transition by exploring factors that drive the current energy transitions, countries with advanced energy transition programs, and the roles of energy literacy and justice in energy transition. Utilizing an exhaustive literature search from 2001 to 2023 via the Scopus database, the study identifies strong policy frameworks, technological advancements, economic incentives, and international collaborations as pivotal factors in successful energy transitions. Case studies from the Nordic countries, Germany, and Poland highlight diverse approaches and significant progress, revealing valuable lessons for global application. Although energy literacy emerges as crucial for public acceptance and participation, fostering informed decision-making and supportive behaviors toward renewable energy initiatives, energy justice ensures equitable access to the benefits of energy transitions, addressing socio-economic impacts on marginalized communities. The study identifies a scarcity of research that articulates and integrates energy literacy and justice concurrently within the purview of energy transition. The paper recommends the adoption, integration, and institutionalization of frameworks that concurrently propagate energy literacy and guide fair and equitable energy transitions. The frameworks should encourage active community involvement, promote community ownership of renewable energy projects, ensure transparency and inclusivity, implement measures for equitable economic benefits, protect livelihoods, address historical distrust, and leverage social media to promote energy literacy and justice. Finally, the continuous monitoring and evaluation of energy transition initiatives are crucial to ensure that they meet evolving societal needs and environmental goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted children, adolescents, and their families, with significant psychosocial consequences. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and self-injurious behaviors increased in our youth, as well as the number of suicide attempts and hospitalizations related to suicidal ideation. Additionally, parents' mental health saw increasing rates of depression, irritability, and alcohol use combined with worsening family function, child-parent connectedness, positive family expressiveness, and increases in family conflict. In light of these statistics, we created CHATogether (Compassionate Home, Action Together), a pilot family-centered intervention using multi-faceted psychotherapeutic approaches to improve familial communication and relational health between adolescents and their parents. This paper discusses the implementation of the CHATogether intervention at the Adolescent Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), providing an example of the intervention through an in-depth pilot case, and evaluation of the program's acceptability and feasibility. Methods: This paper describes a case in detail and evaluation from a total of 30 families that completed CHATogether in the initial pilot. Each family had 4–6 one-hour CHATogether sessions during their 6-week treatment course at the IOP. Before and after CHATogether, adolescents and their parents separately completed a questionnaire designed to explore their perceived family conflicts. After completion of the program, participants completed a brief quality improvement survey to assess their overall experience with CHATogether. In the reported case, the family completed Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) depressive and anxiety symptoms scales, Conflict Behavior Questionnaires (CBQ), 9-item Concise Health Risk Tracking Self-Report (CHRT-SR9), and help-seeking attitude from adults during distress and suicide concerns. Results: The pilot case showed a trend of improvement in reported depressive and anxiety symptoms, child-parent conflicts, subfactors of suicide risk including pessimism, helplessness, and despair, help-seeking acceptability from parents for suicide concerns, and the establishment of individualized family relationship goals. Preliminary feedback from participating families demonstrated positive effects on intra-family communication and improvement in the overall family dynamic. Adolescents (n = 30/30) and their parents (n = 30/30) rated "strongly agree" or "agree" that their families had benefited from CHATogether and welcomed participation in future program development. Conclusion: This study presents CHATogether as a novel family-centered intervention to address post-pandemic family mental health stress, especially when a family system was disrupted and negatively affected the mental health of children and adolescents. The intervention facilitated positive child-parent communication on a variety of topics, through tools such as emotional expression and help-seeking behavior. The reported pilot case and evaluation suggested CHATogether's acceptability and feasibility in a clinical context. We also provided quality improvement feedback to guide future studies in establishing the efficacy of CHATogether and other similar models of clinical family interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enduring appeal of prismatic shapes, historically prevalent in office building designs, persists in contemporary skyscraper architecture, which is attributed particularly to their advantageous aspects concerning cost-efficiency and optimal space utilization. Space efficiency is a crucial factor in prismatic skyscraper design, carrying substantial implications for sustainability. However, the current academic literature lacks a complete exploration of space efficiency in supertall towers with prismatic forms, despite their widespread use. This paper seeks to address this significant gap by conducting a comprehensive analysis of data gathered from a carefully selected set of 35 case studies. The primary discoveries presented in this paper are outlined as follows: (i) average space efficiency stood at approximately 72%, covering a range that extended from 56% to 84%; (ii) average core to gross floor area ratio averaged around 24%, spanning a spectrum that ranged from 12% to 36%; (iii) the majority of prismatic skyscrapers utilized a central core approach, mainly customized for residential use; (iv) the dominant structural system observed in the analyzed cases was the outriggered frame system, with concrete being the commonly utilized material for the structural components; and (v) the impact of diverse structural systems on space efficiency showed no significant deviation, although differences in function led to variations in average space efficiency. The authors expect that these findings will provide valuable guidance, especially for architects, as they strive to enhance the sustainable planning of prismatic towers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Social Prescribing has an established recognition regarding the benefits provided to the health-related social needs of adults, but little is known about how the intervention addresses young people's needs. There is optimism regarding the central role of two core mechanisms that allows social prescribing to be effective, such as the empathetic role of Link Workers and the connection with community resources. This paper aims to describe the role played by Link Workers working a Social Prescribing intervention targeting young people. Description: This paper adopts a case study methodology to describe the role of Link Workers addressing young people's needs and implementing Social Prescribing scheme in Sheffield (UK). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with four of the seven link workers of one organisation based in Sheffield. Data were analysed through an inductive approach for emerging themes. Discussion: We provided a description of the profiles and background of Link Workers and described the three models of referral pathways into the intervention. The paper also shows how Link Workers identify young people's needs and how they connect with the community. Conclusion: Based on the insights and the internationally accepted definition of Social Prescribing, we provide a visual representation of the Social Prescribing model and discuss challenges. The paper highlights lessons learned and future directions regarding the role of Link Workers from the case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the Leave No One Behind principle of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the context of the Agenda 2030 is currently prevalent; however, research on monitoring child poverty at the sub-national (local) level is still limited. This paper addresses this gap by examining indicators developed for monitoring the phenomenon at different territorial levels (global, European, and national) and assessing their territorial transposition locally, using the city of Cadiz, Spain, as a case study. Interviews with local stakeholders reveal that despite the availability and access to related indicators and data, relevant actors must enhance their efforts to utilize such indicators effectively. Based on desktop research and qualitative analysis, the paper delivers recommendations for improving local monitoring of child poverty in Europe and inducing policy changes. This knowledge can inform targeted interventions, policy formulation, and resource allocation to tackle child poverty and promote equitable and inclusive societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionally impacted people experiencing homelessness, including people sleeping rough, people in temporary accommodation and those living in boarding houses. This paper reports on intersectoral responses across six health and social care agencies in Inner Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Prior to the pandemic the six agencies had established an Intersectoral Homelessness Health Strategy (IHHS), in recognition of the need for intersectoral collaboration to address the complex health needs of people experiencing homelessness. Description: The governance structure of the IHHS provided a platform for several innovative intersectoral responses to the pandemic. A realist informed framework was used to select, describe, and analyse case studies of intersectoral collaboration. Discussion: The resultant six critical success factors (trust, shared ways of working, agile collaboration, communication mechanisms, authorising environment, and sustained momentum), align with the existing literature that explores effective intersectoral collaboration in complex health or social care settings. This paper goes further by describing intersectoral collaboration 'in action', setting a strong foundation for future collaborative initiatives. Conclusion: While there is no single right approach to undertaking intersectoral collaboration, which is highly context specific, the six critical success factors identified could be applied to other health issues where dynamic collaboration and integration of healthcare is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As rare as it is, primary fallopian tube carcinoma presents with a varied range of nonspecific signs and symptoms making its preoperative diagnosis a clinical challenge. It is often missed and is usually recognized later by histopathology. This paper aims to present four cases of fallopian tube cancer managed in our institution in a 5-year period with varied presentation and to discuss updates in diagnosis, management and prognosis in the light of recent literature. Methods and Results: All of the four cases were of different age group, presented differently and were diagnosed preoperatively to be of another etiology. The first case, 44 year old, initially presented with recurrent vaginal discharge. The patient then presented with supraclavicular nodes to be of metastatic origin. The second case, 58 year old, presented with vaginal spotting and on imaging, a pelvic mass that may represent ovarian new growth. The third and fourth case, 71 and 66 year old respectively, presented with a history of gradually enlarging abdominal mass with an imaging showing an adnexal mass. Intraoperatively, the first and third case revealed a fallopian tube that was thinned out and dilated to a granular and friable tissue. The second case had a right fallopian tube that cannot be grossly identified but an adnexal mass was noted. The fourth case showed a left fallopian tube that was converted to a tan irregular mass. Histopathology revelaed all of these cases as high grade fallopian tube serous carcinoma. Conclusion: To raise suspicion in the diagnosis of this rare carcinoma preoperatively should be given more importance so that a prompt investigation would be made and catching this disease in an early stage would be achieved. This paper showcased the varied presentation of this disease so as to avoid preoperative misdiagnosis and have a better head start on proper management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript delves into the transformative advancements in wind turbine blade technology, emphasizing the integration of innovative materials, dynamic aerodynamic designs, and sustainable manufacturing practices. Through an exploration of the evolution from traditional materials to cutting-edge composites, the paper highlights how these developments significantly enhance the efficiency, durability, and environmental compatibility of wind turbines. Detailed case studies of notable global projects, such as the Hornsea Project One, the Gansu Wind Farm, and the Block Island Wind Farm, illustrate the practical applications of these technologies and their impact on energy production and sustainability. Additionally, the manuscript examines the critical role of regulatory frameworks and industry standards in fostering these technological advancements, ensuring safety, and promoting global adoption. By analyzing the current trends and future directions, this study underscores the potential of modern turbine technologies to meet the increasing global demand for renewable energy and contribute to sustainable development goals. The findings advocate for continued innovation and policy alignment to fully harness the potential of wind energy in the renewable energy landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health system responsiveness to public priorities and needs is a broad, multi-faceted and complex health system goal thought to be important in promoting inclusivity and reducing system inequity in participation. Power dynamics underlie the complexity of responsiveness but are rarely considered. This paper presents an analysis of various manifestations of power within the responsiveness practices of Health Facility Committees (HFCs) and Sub-county Health Management Teams (SCHMTs) operating at the subnational level in Kenya. Kenyan policy documents identify responsiveness as an important policy goal. Methods: Our analysis draws on qualitative data (35 interviews with health managers and local politicians, four focus group discussions with HFC members, observations of SCHMT meetings, and document review) from a study conducted at the Kenyan Coast. We applied a combination of two power frameworks to interpret our findings: Gaventa's power cube and Long's actor interface analysis. Results: We observed a weakly responsive health system in which system-wide and equity in responsiveness were frequently undermined by varied forms and practices of power. The public were commonly dominated in their interactions with other health system actors: invisible and hidden power interacted to limit their sharing of feedback; while the visible power of organisational hierarchy constrained HFCs' and SCHMTs' capacity both to support public feedback mechanisms and to respond to concerns raised. These power practices were underpinned by positional power relationships, personal characteristics, and world views. Nonetheless, HFCs, SCHMTs and the public creatively exercised some power to influence responsiveness, for example through collaborations with political actors. However, most resulting responses were unsustainable, and sometimes undermined equity as politicians sought unfair advantage for their constituents. Conclusion: Our findings illuminate the structures and mechanisms that contribute to weak health system responsiveness even in contexts where it is prioritised in policy documents. Supporting inclusion and participation of the public in feedback mechanisms can strengthen receipt of public feedback; however, measures to enhance public agency to participate are also needed. In addition, an organisational environment and culture that empowers health managers to respond to public inputs is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: Freezing of gait (FoG) is a common and debilitating symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that can lead to falls and reduced quality of life. Wearable sensors have been used to detect FoG, but current methods have limitations in accuracy and practicality. In this paper, we aimed to develop a deep learning model using pressure sensor data from wearable insoles to accurately detect FoG in PD patients. Methods: We recruited 14 PD patients and collected data frommultiple trials of a standardized walking test using the Pedar insole system. We proposed temporal convolutional neural network (TCNN) and applied rigorous data filtering and selective participant inclusion criteria to ensure the integrity of the dataset. We mapped the sensor data to a structured matrix and normalized it for input into our TCNN. We used a train-test split to evaluate the performance of the model. Results: We found that TCNN model achieved the highest accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score for FoG detection compared to othermodels. The TCNN model also showed good performance in detecting FoG episodes, even in various types of sensor noise situations. Conclusions: We demonstrated the potential of using wearable pressure sensors andmachine learningmodels for FoG detection in PD patients. The TCNNmodel showed promising results and could be used in future studies to develop a real-time FoG detection system to improve PD patients' safety and quality of life. Additionally, our noise impact analysis identifies critical sensor locations, suggesting potential for reducing sensor numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation has emerged as a significant driver of innovation globally, with Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations actively participating in this evolution. This systematic review provides a comprehensive assessment of the digital transformation in the GCC's oil and gas sector over the past decade. Through a rigorous bibliometric analysis of 505 documents sourced from the SCOPUS database, this study examines trends in research outputs, affiliations, and publication types. The analysis reveals dynamic trends in research outputs, with the GCC showing a substantial growth in publications in recent years, particularly mirroring global trends, albeit on a smaller scale. Despite this progress, GCC publications in 2023 represent approximately 30% of the decade's total, reflecting opportunities for increased research investment and international collaboration to enhance scientific output. Key findings highlight the United Arab Emirates as a leading contributor with (35%) of publications, followed by Saudi Arabia (29%) and Kuwait (26%). Oman, Bahrain, and Qatar exhibit comparatively fewer publications, suggesting potential areas for increased research focus. Conference papers dominate the scholarly output, comprising 92% of the publications, underscoring their role in disseminating research findings effectively. The top six world-leading research centers in digital transformation in oil and gas were analyzed and found to represent approximately 26% of global publications in the research field. This review contributes to the global discourse on technological adoption, innovation, and sustainable development by synthesizing the existing literature. It emphasizes the imperative of sustained research investment and strategic initiatives to strengthen scientific output in the GCC's digital transformation of the oil and gas sector. By providing robust analysis and insights into regional contributions, this study informs policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers aiming to advance digital initiatives across the GCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media use in Fiji has expanded in recent years and has become a ubiquitous feature in wider society. Social media ecology focuses and examines the dimensions of an online environment and its interplay with human experiences in user engagement. These dimensions with human experiences in user engagement can provide an insight into how influential social media groups can become in shaping discourses and views. To examine and discuss the social media ecology of an influencer group, the article details one of Fiji's largest and most influential online groups. To do this, the paper uses digital ethnography, supplemented with social media analytics. This study provides key findings in the social media ecology of influencer groups and online behavior. These findings may have implications for further research in media, citizen journalism, viral content creation and online political campaigning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context.--In 2018 the College of American Pathologists Diagnostic Immunology and Flow Cytometry Committee designed and implemented a new plasma cell neoplasia flow cytometry proficiency testing program--PCNEO--to allow clinical flow cytometry laboratories to monitor and assess their performance compared with a peer group. Objective.--To report the results from the first 4 years of the PCNEO program. Design.--Program participants were sent 2 sets of challenges per year, each including 1 wet challenge and 2 dry challenges, with associated clinical and laboratory findings. The wet challenges were composed of myeloma cell line specimens (with or without dilution in preserved whole blood) for flow cytometric analysis. The dry (paper) challenges were composed of clinical case summaries and images of flow cytometric test results from various flow cytometry laboratories of committee members. Results.--A total of 116 to 145 laboratories from 17 countries enrolled in the proficiency testing program. For the wet challenges, almost all participants (97%--100%; cumulative, 98.2%) correctly identified the presence of neoplastic plasma cell populations based on flow cytometric analysis of undiluted myeloma cell lines. Slightly fewer participants (89.0%--97.4%; cumulative, 95.2%) correctly identified the presence of neoplastic plasma cell populations based on flow cytometric analysis of diluted myeloma cell lines (10% or 50% dilutions into peripheral blood) intended to better represent a typical clinical sample. There was generally agreement among 80% or more of participants for positive or negative staining for CD38, CD138, CD19, CD20, and surface and cytoplasmic K and λ light chains. Similarly, 84% to 100% of participants were able to correctly identify the presence of neoplastic plasma cell populations in paper challenges, including the presence of small, neoplastic plasma cell populations (0.01%--5.0% clonal plasma cells) and the presence of nonneoplastic plasma cell populations (correctly identified by 91%--96% of participants). Conclusions.--Participant performance in the new proficiency testing program was excellent overall, with the vast majority of participants able to perform flow cytometric analysis and identify neoplastic plasma cell populations and to identify small plasma cell clones or expanded populations of reactive plasma cells in dry challenge flow cytometry results. This program will allow laboratories to verify the accuracy of their testing program and test interpretations for the assessment of patients suspected of having a plasma cell neoplasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feeding disorders of infancy are common in paediatric practice. Among rare causes of this disturbance is diabetes insipidus (DI), which is a clinical syndrome characterized by polyuria, polydypsia and dehydration with hypernatraemia. Central diabetes insipidus (CDI, vasopressin deficiency) is more common in children than nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI, an inability to respond adequately to vasopressin). Regardless of the type of DI, the main goal of treatment is to decrease thirst and urine output and achieve proper ion and fluid balance. We present three cases of infants with feeding difficulties. The first two cases concerned patients with semilobar holoprosencephaly (HPE). Their stories show the importance of knowing the most common abnormalities associated with HPE, such as CDI. The third child had similar problems with feeding which resembled a defect of the central nervous system, but was finally diagnosed as NDI. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach is demonstrated in the paper with special regards to safe management of hypernatraemic dehydration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper reveals a qualitative exploratory study of change management processes in either reorganization measures or system changes in German companies. The empirical endeavor deals with the content analysis of four descriptive case studies in the field of change management, built with and promoted for instructional purposes. Our results may serve as incentives for change management practitioners (i.e., change agents, project managers, coaches, and trainers) and scholars aiming the change management field of study and its related disciplines. We thus, encourage firstly, (1) the use of instructional case studies while teaching and learning about change and secondly, (2) the intensification of qualitative research endeavors, which offer an in depth understanding of the organizational mechanisms and flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always remaining in the groove of rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of continuously updating emerging topics concerning relationships between urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers written by young researchers. The Review Notes are made of four parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal. In particular, the Urban Practices section aims at presenting recent advancements on relevant topics that underline the challenges that the cities have to face. This note provides an overview of the challenges that global warming poses and the risks in terms of climate change that it generates for territories and cities. The challenges that adaptation to climate change commonly faces are outlined, and a brief review of European case studies is carried out. Finally, the results of the review are discussed highlighting some key threads of climate adaptation practices and three significant examples of climate change adaptation in urban areas are reported, within a perspective of integration and sharing of know-how on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Literature shows that in South Africa there are insufficient resources to meet mental healthcare needs. At general or district hospital level, the non-specialist doctor is often responsible for the holistic assessment and management of mental health service users. Such situations inevitably increase doctors' care load as they are required to treat across disciplines. We highlight the particular challenges faced by a community service (CS) doctor in this context. Methods: The presented case study formed part of a larger project that investigated public mental healthcare provision in the Eastern Cape province. Data were collected through a once-off semi-structured interview with the participant. The interview was transcribed and data analysed by utilising thematic analysis to yield results. Results: The study suggests that the CS doctor experiences being overloaded with duties, and feels overwhelmed in a healthcare context that lacks resources needed for service provision, which may lead to inadequate mental healthcare provision to public health service users. Conclusion: Healthcare facilities in rural parts of the Eastern Cape province are in need of assistance. This in-depth account highlighted the consequences of working on the front line of a disadvantaged and under-resourced health system. The presented account can be interpreted as a cry for help by CS doctors for relevant authorities to improve access and provision of mental healthcare in the area. Contribution: The paper provides an exploration of the circumstances wherein mental healthcare is provided in rural parts of South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Para-infectious encephalopathy is an acute inflammatory encephalopathy secondary to a systemic infectious disease, including acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) and mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS). This paper reports on 3 cases of SARS-CoV-2 related to para-infectious encephalopathy diagnosed and treated in The Ordos Central Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from December 2022 to February 2023, and reviews relevant literature to summarize the clinical characteristics of the disease. Methods and Results The 3 patients with SARS-CoV-2 related to para-infectious encephalopathy, including 2 cases of SARS-CoV-2 related to ANE and one case of SARS-CoV-2 related to MERS were reported. Three patients developed consciousness disorder 2-4 d after fever, and still had aphasia, mental abnormality, convulsions, etc.. SARS-CoV-2 throat swab was positive. Head MRI showed one abnormal signal of brain stem and bilateral thalamus, one abnormal signal of bilateral thalamus, and one abnormal pressure of corpus callosum. All received hormone shock therapy and (or) intravenous immunoglobulin. One died, and 2 cases were recovered. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 related to para-infectious encephalopathy including SARS-CoV-2 related to ANE and MERS and other clinical subtypes, the former has rapid progress, severe disease, high disability rate and fatality rate and poor prognosis, while the latter has relatively mild symptoms and better prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explore the rehabilitation strategies for multi-family dwellings on the level of function and techniques. The study employs its own methods of analysis using a sample of selected cases as a reference. Nearly 20% of EU buildings will have to be renovated by 2023, as almost 40% of the existing houses were built before 1980. The environmental impact of construction is among the highest among industrial activities due to the high consumption of resources and the generation of low-value waste at the construction and demolition stages. One way to reduce the environmental impact in this sector is to intervene in the building process, optimising the use of resources and waste generation. The principal objective of refurbishments is to reduce household energy consumption. However, the renovations in the housing sector should not be limited to energy considerations; the functional and technical aspects should also be considered. A new refurbishment model is necessary to focus on providing and improving the habitability of the housing stock and reducing the environmental impact by optimising the use of resources and waste generation. To achieve this, the renovations should be carefully monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Community-based volunteering supports outbreak management by extending reach into at-risk communities. This paper examines the application of a 'community champions' model in England, UK, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence pre-pandemic shows that community champion interventions tap into social networks to strengthen connections with disadvantaged communities. During the pandemic, the UK government set up a COVID community champions funding award scheme for local authorities to develop local programmes that addressed emerging inequalities. The study aim was to identify transferable learning on community engagement in the pandemic by undertaking a secondary qualitative synthesis of practice-based case studies of local COVID community champion programmes. Methods: A systematic staged approach for synthesis of practice-based case studies was used. In total, 16 COVID community champion case studies, which were written by practitioners involved in local programme implementation and published by the Local Government Association, were included. Case studies covered aims, programme development and delivery, examples of activities and a discussion of learning. Framework qualitative analysis methods were used to code and organise data prior to cross case analysis. The final stage produced an overarching thematic framework that best represented descriptive and interpretive themes. Results: The results provide an overview of common features of COVID community champion programmes and emergent learning. All local programmes aimed to reduce health inequalities by involving at-risk communities in local prevention efforts, adapting the approach to local priorities. Two levels of community engagement were volunteer mobilisation and subsequent community-based outreach activities. Elements of capacity building, such as training and creation of networks, were common. The synthesis of practice-based learning found that stronger relationships with communities were regarded as a key mechanism to support more equitable prevention strategies. Other learning themes related to champion roles, community engagement strategies and programme implementation. Conclusions: By focusing on how community champion approaches were applied by local authorities in England during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study contributes to knowledge on volunteer mobilisation as a mechanism to improve public health communication and outreach. Notwithstanding the limitations of experiential evidence, the synthesis of practice-based learning highlights potentially transferable community engagement strategies for health protection and health improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper explores how implementation of digital technologies (DTs) assists firms in transition economies in addressing weaknesses of the institutional environment surrounding them, in particular via establishment of collective governance systems. Based on case studies of three large-scale agroholdings operating in Ukraine, the paper aims to fill the research gaps with regard to the following: motivation of the firm to initiate DT-enabled collective governance systems; the rules these systems are based on; and the reasons behind the firm's choice of a particular governance mode – closed, shared or open – for these systems. The findings generally support the institutional theory argument that complex technology enables coordination of exchange relationships not only within but also outside firm boundaries. At that, the choice of a governance mode between closed, shared or open institutional infrastructure is likely to depend on the firm's ownership concentration, corporate transparency, availability of resources and social embeddedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ian Stevenson was trained as a physician and, later, as a psychiatrist. He made significant contributions to biochemistry, psychosomatic medicine, and other areas before turning to parapsychology in mid-career. From the start of his involvement in parapsychology, Stevenson was interested in claims to remember previous lives. As his research with such claims progressed, he became convinced of reincarnation's potential to shed light on unresolved problems in medicine. This paper describes the background and traces the development of Stevenson's classic collection of case reports, Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation, whose first edition appeared in 1966. Stevenson expected his monograph to be recognized as making the important contribution he believed it did and thought that it would lead to public funding for further research on reincarnation. Sixty years on that has yet to happen, perhaps due to Stevenson's emphasis on the proof-oriented aspects of the cases he reported, to the neglect of other issues that might have connected more easily with mainstream interests, and more directly countered criticisms of his research methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as a primary malignancy of the liver and represents a significant global health burden, particularly in regions where chronic hepatitis B and C infections prevail. Despite advancements in diagnostic techniques and therapeutic strategies, HCC continues to pose formidable challenges in clinical management due to its aggressive nature, frequent late-stage diagnosis, and metastasis to other organs. Although the incidence of metastasis to the diaphragm is low, this condition is one of few poor prognostic factors for HCC, making the early detection of diaphragm muscle involvement important in both primary and recurrent stages. The purpose of our study was to address two questions: (1) What symptoms or symptom clusters are reported among HCC patients with metastases to the diaphragm? (2) What risk factors for diaphragm muscle metastasis are present in HCC patients? Based on our findings, we conclude that the presence of hepatitis B and the localization of HCC cells in superior liver segments, particularly in the 8th liver segment, should be considered during the diagnostic process. Each patient in the reports presented with different symptoms, making it impossible to identify the leading symptom. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports presenting HCC spread to the diaphragm muscle and to determine possible risk factors for this condition. An extensive literature search was performed using the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and DOAJ. A total of 18 articles describing 27 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were included in this review. The presence of HCC cells in the superior liver segment is strongly associated with metastases to the diaphragm. Among the two types of diaphragm involvement by HCC cells, diaphragm infiltration occurs much more frequently than diaphragm adhesion. However, an HCC nodule in the 8th liver segment and a higher number of liver segments involved by HCC cells predispose patients to diaphragm adhesion. Hepatitis B is a risk factor for diaphragm metastases in recurrent HCC. The tumor diameter is not associated with HCC spread to the diaphragm muscle. We did not find specific symptoms reported by patients that could indicate HCC metastasis to the diaphragm muscle. The presence of hepatitis B and the localization of HCC cells in superior liver segments, especially in the 8th liver segment, should be take into consideration in the diagnostic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to explore the forms paternalistic communication can take in doctor–patient interactions and how they should be considered from a normative perspective. In contemporary philosophical debate, the problem with paternalism is often perceived as either undermining autonomy (the autonomy problem) or the paternalist viewing their judgment as superior (the superiority problem). In either case, paternalism is problematized mainly in a general, theoretical sense. In contrast, this paper investigates specific doctor–patient encounters, revealing distinct types of paternalistic communication. For this study, I reviewed videorecorded encounters from a Norwegian hospital to detect paternalism—specifically, doctors overriding patients' expressed preferences, presumably to benefit or protect the patients. I identified variations in paternalistic communication styles—termed paternalist modes—which I categorized into four types: the fighter, the advocate, the sympathizer, and the fisher. Drawing on these findings, I aim to nuance the debate on paternalism. Specifically, I argue that each paternalist mode carries its own normative implications and that the autonomy and the superiority problems manifest differently across the modes. Furthermore, by illustrating paternalism in communication through real‐life cases, I aim to reach a more comprehensive understanding of what we mean by paternalistic doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positive energy districts and sustainable plus energy neighbourhoods are developed in the European context to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. The planning and development of positive energy districts and sustainable plus energy neighbourhoods is complex and requires collaboration between stakeholders and new measures to achieve high energy efficiency, local renewable energy generation, energy storage and flexibility, and energy sufficiency. This paper examines the implementation of energy measures in the planning and design of four positive energy district and neighbourhood development projects in Norway and Sweden. The paper compares the two different institutional and energy system contexts and how these affect the development of positive energy districts, focusing on the perspectives of the municipality and developers. Existing academic literature and positive energy district guidelines are used to develop an analytical framework for the planning and design of positive energy districts and sustainable plus energy neighbourhoods. Results highlight an early focus on energy ambitions, wide stakeholder involvement, and the importance of aligning interests between stakeholders and working interdisciplinary in the planning and design phases to find optimal energy measures. Both the building and the neighbourhood/district level are important to increase energy efficiency, energy sufficiency, and energy flexibility, and consequently lower the environmental impact of the whole development project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has immense potential for personalized learning experiences, content generation, and vivid educational support. This paper delves into generative AI (GAI) and its potential applications within GAI, specifically mentioning generative adversarial networks (GANs). The article delves into the transformative impact of GAI in education, underscoring its expertise in creating diverse instructional materials, from texts and images to videos. Adaptive learning, one of the chief abilities of GAI, has been highlighted, emphasizing its capability to select content customized to individual student profiles, learning habits, and preferences. The paper further explores the fusion of GAI with innovative education systems, highlighting how these models can mimic conversational interfaces, promoting an engaging, customized learning journey. The exploration doesn’t stop at the benefits; it delves into challenges like ensuring data privacy, mitigating biases, and ensuring accountability in AI-driven educational systems. The conclusion contemplates the potential limitations and assurances of embedding GAI within educational setups. An appeal has been made for more profound research and enhancement of AI’s educational function. The intersection of pedagogical insights and effective human-AI collaboration is pivotal in this journey. This paper serves as a compass, guiding educators, researchers, and policymakers toward harnessing GAI’s potential to sculpt enriched, immersive educational landscapes.

Enhancing the sustainability of the non-timber forest products industry has dual significance for both the management of local forest resources and socio-economic development. This paper adopts a systems theory perspective to construct an analytical model for the sustainable development of non-timber forest products, based on a “social-economic-natural” framework. By analyzing case studies of non-timber forest products industry sustainability from four underdeveloped counties in China, the paper derives the following main conclusions and insights: The sustainability of non-timber forest products development models is influenced by factors such as resource endowments and institutional environments and includes both single and composite models. Underdeveloped regions can achieve considerable sustainability in the development of non-timber forest products, but this requires a rational allocation of six key elements—policy, model, stakeholders, natural resources, funding, and technology—to stimulate industry growth. To promote the sustainable development of this industry, optimization should be pursued across five aspects: “policy leadership and top-level design to guide industry development”, “selection of appropriate development models based on local natural endowments and socio-economic foundations”, “large enterprise-driven mechanisms to form multi-stakeholder interest connections”, “focus on product technology research and development, and establishment of technical training mechanisms”, and “market-driven funding to develop product sales markets”.

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of water injection management practices for complex and impactful onshore and offshore carbonate reservoirs. It delves into the fundamental aspects of waterflooding design, surveillance techniques, and monitoring methods tailored for the unique challenges posed by carbonate formations. Two case studies from the Permian Basin in Texas and two from Lula Field offshore Brazil and Agbami Field offshore Nigeria are examined considering scientific principles into practice to provide insights into best practices, lessons learned, and strategies to maximize the benefits derived from real noteworthy waterflood operations. The paper underscores the significance of rigorous reservoir characterization, including understanding reservoir architecture, heterogeneities, fracture networks, fluid communication pathways, and rock–fluid interactions. It emphasizes the crucial role of integrated multidisciplinary teams involving geologists, reservoir engineers, production engineers, and field operators in ensuring successful waterflood design, implementation, and optimization. Through the case studies, the paper highlights the importance of designing pattern configurations, well placements, and injection/production strategies to the specific reservoir characteristics, continually optimizing these elements based on surveillance data. It also stresses the necessity of comprehensive data acquisition, advanced analytics, numerical simulations, and frequent model updates for effective reservoir management and decision-making. The paper is impactful in terms of the lessons learned from the actual case studies, and how can these be implemented in actual field projects. Different case studies documented in the paper provide the challenges facing them and how different authors have addressed their problems in unique ways. The paper distills the information and important findings from a variety of case studies and provides succinct information that is of immense value as a reference. Important findings of these case studies are connected using creativity and are innovative as they introduce unique techniques and establish successful ideas to create new value in terms of maximizing oil recovery. Most importantly, this paper explores the application of innovative technologies, such as intelligent completions, 4D seismic monitoring, and water–alternating gas (WAG) injection, which can significantly improve waterflood performance in complex carbonate reservoirs. In summary, the paper provides a thorough understanding of the factors contributing to the success and failure of waterfloods in carbonate reservoirs through case studies based on factually and technically sound operations. It documents guidelines for optimizing waterflood performance and reducing or eliminating the potential for failures, reinforcing positive results in these challenging yet invaluable hydrocarbon resources.

This paper surveys the energy literature and systematically reviews the path to an inclusive and sustainable energy transition by exploring factors that drive the current energy transitions, countries with advanced energy transition programs, and the roles of energy literacy and justice in energy transition. Utilizing an exhaustive literature search from 2001 to 2023 via the Scopus database, the study identifies strong policy frameworks, technological advancements, economic incentives, and international collaborations as pivotal factors in successful energy transitions. Case studies from the Nordic countries, Germany, and Poland highlight diverse approaches and significant progress, revealing valuable lessons for global application. Although energy literacy emerges as crucial for public acceptance and participation, fostering informed decision-making and supportive behaviors toward renewable energy initiatives, energy justice ensures equitable access to the benefits of energy transitions, addressing socio-economic impacts on marginalized communities. The study identifies a scarcity of research that articulates and integrates energy literacy and justice concurrently within the purview of energy transition. The paper recommends the adoption, integration, and institutionalization of frameworks that concurrently propagate energy literacy and guide fair and equitable energy transitions. The frameworks should encourage active community involvement, promote community ownership of renewable energy projects, ensure transparency and inclusivity, implement measures for equitable economic benefits, protect livelihoods, address historical distrust, and leverage social media to promote energy literacy and justice. Finally, the continuous monitoring and evaluation of energy transition initiatives are crucial to ensure that they meet evolving societal needs and environmental goals.

Crowdsourced spatial analytics is a rapidly developing field that involves collecting and analyzing geographical data, utilizing the collective power of human observation. This paper explores the field of spatial data analytics and crowdsourcing and how recently developed tools, cloud-based GIS, and artificial intelligence (AI) are being applied in this domain. This paper examines and discusses cutting-edge technologies and case studies in different fields of spatial data analytics and crowdsourcing used in a wide range of industries and government departments such as urban planning, health, transportation, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, by understanding the concerns associated with data quality and data privacy, this paper explores the potential of crowdsourced data while also examining the related problems. This study analyzes the obstacles and challenges related to “geospatial crowdsourcing”, identifying significant limitations and predicting future trends intended to overcome the related challenges.

The enduring appeal of prismatic shapes, historically prevalent in office building designs, persists in contemporary skyscraper architecture, which is attributed particularly to their advantageous aspects concerning cost-efficiency and optimal space utilization. Space efficiency is a crucial factor in prismatic skyscraper design, carrying substantial implications for sustainability. However, the current academic literature lacks a complete exploration of space efficiency in supertall towers with prismatic forms, despite their widespread use. This paper seeks to address this significant gap by conducting a comprehensive analysis of data gathered from a carefully selected set of 35 case studies. The primary discoveries presented in this paper are outlined as follows: (i) average space efficiency stood at approximately 72%, covering a range that extended from 56% to 84%; (ii) average core to gross floor area ratio averaged around 24%, spanning a spectrum that ranged from 12% to 36%; (iii) the majority of prismatic skyscrapers utilized a central core approach, mainly customized for residential use; (iv) the dominant structural system observed in the analyzed cases was the outriggered frame system, with concrete being the commonly utilized material for the structural components; and (v) the impact of diverse structural systems on space efficiency showed no significant deviation, although differences in function led to variations in average space efficiency. The authors expect that these findings will provide valuable guidance, especially for architects, as they strive to enhance the sustainable planning of prismatic towers.

The paper presents a cross-country analysis of 25 low and lower-middle-income countries to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on educational policymaking. The study utilises variables from the Internet Inclusive Index and the Digital Skills Gap Index to explore the relationship between internet access and digital skills gaps in these countries. A descriptive and correlation analysis is conducted to understand trends and associations between the variables from data for the selected countries. The analysis shows a positive correlation between internet domains and digital skills gap scores. The paper also presents insights from low and middle-income countries to understand the challenges and responses to e-learning policy during the Pandemic. The evidence from the analysis suggests that countries with higher scores on internet domains pre-pandemic were in a better position to absorb the external shocks caused by the Pandemic. The paper’s findings highlight the importance of addressing the digital divide and promoting internet inclusivity in these countries to improve their ability to adapt to external shocks and ensure continuity of learning during crises such as the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, new evidence-based strategies have emerged for reducing transmission of respiratory infections through management of indoor air. OBJECTIVES: This paper reviews critical advances that could reduce the burden of disease from inhaled pathogens and describes challenges in their implementation. DISCUSSION: Proven strategies include assuring sufficient ventilation, air cleaning by filtration, and air disinfection by germicidal ultraviolet (UV) light. Layered intervention strategies are needed to maximize risk reduction. Case studies demonstrate how to implement these tools while also revealing barriers to implementation. Future needs include standards designed with infection resilience and equity in mind, buildings optimized for infection resilience among other drivers, new approaches and technologies to improve ventilation, scientific consensus on the amount of ventilation needed to achieve a desired level of risk, methods for evaluating new air-cleaning technologies, studies of their long-term health effects, workforce training on ventilation systems, easier access to federal funds, demonstration projects in schools, and communication with the public about the importance of indoor air quality and actions people can take to improve it. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13878, Introduction The status of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic as a public health emergency ended in May 2023, more than 3 y after the first cases were reported in Wuhan, [...]