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The article aims to understand the tensions inherent to the commemoration of a difficult and conflicted past and the conservation of dissonant heritage. It explores the politics of memory and identity, and the power struggles that underscore the heritagisation process through a study of the transformation of Rio de Janeiro's port in preparation to host the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympics. The paper uses the notion of heritage dissonance to shed light upon contemporary struggles over the interpretation of the port's contested history and explores the debates that have surrounded the 'discovery' of archeological remains, which exposed a controversial past marked by collective amnesia. The paper identifies various actions, instruments, and strategies used by various actors to either support or undermine the project, from inertia and obstructionism to memorialisation and ritual agency. The analysis of these findings reveals the transformative potential of heritage, as an instrument of empowerment in the ideological battle over collective memory, and a tool of resistance against historical denial. It discusses the way debates over heritage have stimulated public debate, inflected the official historical narrative, and allowed the legacies of slavery to infiltrate collective consciousness. The paper concludes with a discussion of how heritage dissonance can engender actions leading to conflict mediation, thereby promoting reconciliation and dialogue, and, ultimately, societal change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1542, with the promulgation of the New Laws, Spanish authorities made a greater effort to eliminate indigenous slavery in America, after the doubts expressed by various missionaries about the treatment given to the indigenous people by Spanish settlers. However, legally sanctioned slavery among indigenous people continued in the border regions of the Spanish Empire. My interest is to demonstrate that the persistence of this practice did not result in a legal contradiction, but rather was a means of sanctioning rebellious indigenous groups, using arguments of Francisco de Vitoria and other School of Salamanca scholars, especially in places where control of sovereignty was in question. Methodologically, I will use original texts from various sources, such as the minutes of the Cabildo of the Audiencia of Guadalajara, as well as reports on the Chichimeca War by various clerics and jurists who witnessed the conflict, such as Guillermo de Santa María, Jean Focher, and Fulgencia Vique. Temporally, I will focus on the discussion of war and slavery against the nomadic peoples of northern New Spain, known as the Chichimecas. The result was that, for many New Spanish clerics, slavery would serve to punish the supposed crimes of these peoples against peace, and also to change their archaic customs and teach them sedentary and civil life. Finally, I argue that the establishment of indigenous slavery in the northern frontier of New Spain demonstrates the limitations of the Spanish Empire in maintaining its most remote borders, especially when faced with peoples who did not have a civil political life with definable centers and hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are currently over a million people enslaved in the United States. Under threat of horrendous punishment, they cook, clean, and even fight fires. They do this not in the shadow of the law but with the express blessing of the Thirteenth Amendment’s Except Clause, which permits enslavement and involuntary servitude as punishment for a crime. Despite discussions of this exception in law reviews, news reports, and Netflix documentaries, few commentators have recognized that this enslavement happens silently. No prosecutor, judge, or defense attorney tells convicted people that they will be enslaved as punishment for their crime. It is only once they are incarcerated that a prison administrator informs them they will be forced to work. This Article uncovers how this state of the world has come to be. It argues that our current regime is one of administrative enslavement: a constellation of judicial and legislative choices that places the punishment of enslavement outside the scope and processes of our traditional criminal punishment structure and into the hands of prison administrators. This Article is the first to provide a taxonomy of the administrative-enslavement regime. It uncovers the weak jurisprudential underpinnings of that regime, and it surveys all fifty states’ and the federal government’s legislative implementation of the Except Clause. It concludes by utilizing this taxonomy to analyze administrative enslavement’s legal weaknesses as well as how the status quo might evolve in the face of growing attacks from states removing Except Clauses from their state constitutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About half of Luanda's population comprised enslaved people in the mid-nineteenth century. Although scholars have examined the expansion of slavery in Angola after the end of the transatlantic slave trade and the use of slavery to underpin the trade in tropical commodities, the labor performed by enslaved children has been neglected. This study explores the experiences of enslaved children working in Luanda during the era of the so-called "legitimate" commerce in tropical commodities, particularly between 1850 and 1869. It draws upon slave registers, official reports, and the local gazette, the Boletim Oficial de Angola, to analyze the means through which children were enslaved, the tasks they performed, their background, family connections, and daily experiences under enslavement. This paper argues that masters expected enslaved children to perform the same work attributed to enslaved men and women. After all, they saw captives as a productive unit irrespective of their age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a feminist hermeneutic, this essay analyzes three examples of kyriarchal relationships in the New Testament found in stories of women who were enslavers who enslaved women. The first example is from Galatians where Paul rereads the story of Sarah and Hagar and uses the enslaver/enslaved relationship as an allegory. The second example is found in Acts 12, which is the clearest case of a woman enslaver who enslaved a woman: Mary and Rhoda. Finally, I analyze the character of Lydia found in Acts 16 and argue that she is also an enslaver who enslaved women. Each of these biblical characters was entangled in the kyriarchal pyramid of antiquity through their own oppression due to gender, yet they participated in kyriarchy due to status and class. Adding evidence from material culture, I analyze an example of a woman who enslaved another woman as depicted on an ancient funerary monument. This essay also considers the ethical ramifications of biblical texts that endorse slavery and have been used to support white supremacy and systemic oppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Ireland and Cuba: Historias intertejidas" is a book that delves into the historical connections between Cuba and Ireland. It examines the shared experiences of resistance and anti-colonial struggle in both countries, as well as their cultural and ethnic exchanges. The book covers various topics, including the Irish involvement in the slave trade in Cuba and the impact of Irish individuals on Cuban society. It offers a comprehensive and scholarly analysis of the complex and sometimes conflicting relationships between the Irish diaspora and Cuban society throughout history. The text discusses chapters from a book titled "Irlanda y Cuba: Historias entretejidas/Ireland & Cuba, Entangled Histories," which explore different aspects of Irish migration to Cuba, such as the role of Irish immigrants as skilled workers, the experiences of Irish immigrants buried in Havana, the contributions of Irish migrant women to Cuban society, and the encounters between Irish and Cuban figures like James O'Kelly, Oscar Wilde, and José Martí. The text emphasizes the shared history of struggle and resistance between Ireland and Cuba, as well as the importance of preserving historical memory. [Extracted from the article]

In the postapocalyptic world of Blade Runner, replicants become the medium and content of a life-changing revelation: human existence has become an enslaving simulation. Humans and replicants are confronted with the challenge of (re)defining the human. The Blade Runner movies enact this (re)definition through the arcs of two key characters: Rachael and Officer K. Transcending externally imposed enslavement, these replicants venture into the indeterminate future, choosing to serve a good that includes and empowers others to struggle for their own liberation. The Blade Runner movies can be interpreted as an apology for moral formation by means of the production of grounding and redefining fictional spaces and content. To combat the global dynamics of dehumanization and ecological destruction they have generated and to which they have themselves become victim, humans must create fictional spaces in which they can remember and imagine authentic living. The desire to become human and act as a genuinely human and humane person forms the necessary precondition for and that which sustains the lifelong self-formation process that is human existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines issues of the slave trade and slavery in the Momo River valley of Cameroon. Using primary sources (oral tradition and archival materials) and secondary sources, the paper shows the impact of the transatlantic slave trade in the region not only in the slave trade and slaving activities but also in the transformation of some old social institutions and the emergence of new ones. The paper argues that the transatlantic slave trade introduced capitalists in this part of Africa, who continued to make profits from legitimate commerce after the abolition of the slave trade through the persistent enslavement of other Africans to work in the palm oil industry. The Momo River valley continued to be a major source of these slaves. This paper therefore brings into the limelight slavery and the slave trade in an area which contributed to the transatlantic and the post-transatlantic slave trade but which has still not received adequate scholarly attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several legal scholars have discussed the role of slavery within their own family histories and a growing number of scholars are exploring the successes and strategies of lawyers and Black litigants in freedom suits and other litigation in the United States antebellum South. I build on these literatures with a focus on procedure. In this Article, I analyze procedures involved in a few of my ancestral and personal experiences. Some of the experiences with process involved litigation to be free from slavery while other experiences did not explicitly involve any law. But they all involved process. Engaging in this practice--marshaling procedure to increase justice for marginalized groups and to decrease procedural subordination and white supremacy--is a form of what I am calling resistance proceduralism. I draw from engagement with procedures, such as requirements to file a lawsuit or for bonds and securities, in my ancestors' freedom suits--lawsuits fighting for their freedom from slavery--to query whether some marginalized litigants, and even people who were enslaved at the time, may have engaged in resistance proceduralism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the U.S. Constitution's relationship with American colonialism and imperialism. It discusses professor Maggie Blackhawk's foreword in the book "The Constitution of American Colonialism" in which she describes the influence of colonialism and imperialism on Americans' constitutional experience. It describes an alternative conception of the American constitutional order. It also explores the central role of slavery in the history of U.S. expansion.

In 1856, abolition activist Woodbury Davis joined the Maine Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) and quickly became its most radical member. Davis was an antebellum enigma: a high-ranking judge who advocated for Black voting rights, rejected the federal consensus that Congress could not pass laws interfering with slavery, denied that the Fugitive Slave Clause even applied to slaves, and believed that the Constitution was an engine for abolition. While Davis was on the SJC, the court issued advisory opinions on two of the most explosive issues in American politics: Black voting rights after Dred Scott v. Sandford and the Fugitive Slave Act. This Note explores the evolution of the law on slavery and race in the United States prior to the Civil War, focusing on Maine and the political pressures surrounding the SJC at that time. Next, this Note examines the SJC’s Voting Rights Opinion (1857) and the Personal Liberty Law Opinion (1861), focusing especially on Justice Davis’s novel constitutional arguments. Finally, drawing on these two cases, this Note argues that radical modes of antislavery constitutionalism were embedded in the American judiciary prior to the Civil War and evaluates the impact of this discovery on current debates in legal history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on David Gellman's book, "Liberty's Chain: Slavery, Abolition, and the Jay Family of New York," which examines the complex relationship between the Jay family, slavery, and abolitionism across multiple generations. Topics include John Jay's role as both a slaveholder and antislavery advocate, the gradual shift towards abolitionism within the family, and the activism and denunciation of racism by subsequent generations, particularly William Jay and John Jay II.

For more than fifty years, Jamaican farm workers have been seasonally employed in Canada under the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP). In Canada, these workers live and work in conditions that make them vulnerable to various health issues, including poor mental health. This ethnographic study investigated Jamaican SAWP workers' mental health experiences in Southern Ontario. Several common factors that engender psychological distress among Jamaican workers, ranging from mild to extreme suffering, were uncovered and organised into five themes: (1) family, (2) work environments and SAWP relations, (3) living conditions and isolation, (4) racism and social exclusion, and (5) illness and injury. I found that Jamaican workers predominantly use the term 'stress' to articulate distress, and they associate experiences of suffering with historic plantation slavery. Analysis of workers' stress discourses revealed their experiences of psychological distress are structured by the conditions of the SAWP and their social marginalisation in Ontario. This article presents and discusses these findings in the context of SAWP power dynamics and concludes with policy recommendations aimed at improving the mental health of all SAWP workers. In foregrounding the experiences of Jamaican workers, this study addresses the dearth of research on the health and wellbeing of Caribbean SAWP workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jazz bands from Benin draw on the spiritual traditions of Vodun to address the history of slavery through the creative circuits of transnational diasporic networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Maladies of Empire: How Colonialism, Slavery, and War Transformed Medicine" by Jim Downs explores the emergence of epidemiology as a result of colonialism, Atlantic slaving, and imperialist wars from the late eighteenth to the end of the nineteenth century. Downs examines various locations worldwide to understand how these forces influenced physicians and scientists to consider disease at the population level. The book highlights the use of global networks, scientific journals, and communication between different empires to collect and analyze data on disease outbreaks. Downs also emphasizes the contributions of enslaved and colonized people to the development of epidemiological science, drawing on Black feminist approaches. The book covers topics such as the link between overcrowding and disease on slave ships, debates on contagion theory, the role of military physicians in studying diseases like yellow fever, and the impact of war on medical practices. Downs utilizes a range of evidence, including archival materials and medical journals, to explore transimperial networks of knowledge production. While the book's teleological frame of medical progress may be analytically questionable, it offers valuable insights for historians of medicine researching the intersection of health, slavery, war, and colonialism. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the impact of smart devices and technology on human life. It raises questions about the choice to use or not use these devices, the potential for becoming dependent on them, and whether a person's essence changes during interaction. The article presents two opposing views: one that sees technology as a means to improve human beings and another that sees it as leading to moral erosion. The article emphasizes that the responsibility for the consequences of smart device use lies with the people who create and regulate them. It suggests two scenarios: one of gradual independence and another of deep dependence. The article concludes that the potential danger of technology comes from human actions rather than the technology itself, and that the outcome can range from slavery to freedom. [Extracted from the article]

Given increased awareness about modern slavery in supply chain management (SCM), this paper undertakes a systematic literature review (SLR) covering 106 published articles. We first carry out a descriptive analysis, with results showing that modern slavery research is on an upward trajectory but suffers from a lack of primary data and theory application. We then extract themes from the published articles and use them to provide theory elaboration of Gold et al. (2015) model of modern slavery in SCM. Specifically, we introduce business culture and high impact risk factors like pandemics as new institutional factors; highlight external stakeholders like recruitment agents and audit firms as integral to understanding the business context of modern slavery; and add prevention and remediation to detection and response as discrete categories in managing modern slavery risks. We also discuss the gaps in modern slavery research in supply chains. Finally, we propose that reshoring, industry 4.0 and supply chain collaboration represent SCM specialisms that can inform modern slavery research going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article evaluates the high-profile claim that enslaved African-Americans produced over 50 percent of US national product in the pre-Civil War period. The accounting exercise shows the fraction was closer to (and indeed likely slightly below) the share of the population, that is, about 12.6 percent in 1860. The enslaved population had higher rates of labor force participation, but they were also forced to work in sectors–agriculture and domestic service—with below average output per worker. The economic surplus generated by the enslaved was due chiefly to the low value of the very basic consumption bundle provided rather than to exceptionally high values of production per capita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]