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Objective: Inflammation and oxidative stress are major factors in the development of many disorders. Natural antioxidants present in plants can interrupt, decrease, or reduce the oxidation of components sensitive to oxidative processes by scavenging free radicals and lowering oxidative stress. Most anti-inflammatory agents used in the management of inflammatory disorders diminish oxidative damage. The biological potential of Citrus karna Raf. remains undisclosed, despite its richness in several bioactive compounds. Methods: The methanolic extract was evaluated for quantitative phytochemical analysis and antioxidative efficacy using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. A carrageenan-induced paw edema model was employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential as antioxidants exert anti-inflammatory effects. In silico prediction of activity spectra for substance predictions were performed to understand the possible mechanism of action of phytochemicals. Results: Citrus karna methanolic extract (CKME) showed dosedependent radical scavenging effects. The powerful scavenging activity of CKME could be due to the diverse polyphenolic compounds such as ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, and naringin. In addition, the percentage inhibition of paw edema and swelling was observed in CKME-treated rats and mice, which is the same as that of standard drug-treated groups. The Pa value of ascorbic acid, beta-bisabolene, linalool, and naringin is more than 0.7 which shows that these phytoconstituents might contribute to the anti-inflammatory action of extract samples such as CKME. Conclusions: Our findings shows that CKME possess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The richness of plants in polyphenolics such as flavonoids might be a contributing factor for these potential effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new phenolic glycosides (1 – 3) and a new lignan glycoside (4), together with five known compounds (5 – 9) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the aerial part of Gaultheria leucocarpa var. yunnanensis (Franch.) T.Z.Hsu & R.C.Fang. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic techniques, experimental and calculated ECD spectra, acid hydrolysis, and enzymatic hydrolysis experiments. All the isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Compounds 7 and 8 exhibited inhibitory effects against the LPS-induced production of NO with IC 50 of 63.71 and 10.66 μM, respectively, compared to L-NMMA having an IC 50 of 6.95 μM. Besides, compound 7 also represented significant DPPH radical scavenging activity with EC 50 of 18.75 μM, comparable with vitamin C (EC 50 = 15.77 μM). [Display omitted] • Four new (1 – 4) and five known (5 – 9) compounds were isolated from Gaultheria leucocarpa var. yunnanensis. • Compounds 7 and 8 exhibited moderate inhibition against LPS-induced NO production. • Compound 7 showed a comparable DPPH radical scavenging effect to vitamin C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]