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Bismuth (Bi) possesses an ultrahigh theoretical volume capacity (3800 mAh cm−3) and low embedding potential stimulated considerable attention as anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, its practical application is still hampered by the huge volume variation during the charge/discharge process. To settle this issue, Bi@C nanosheet arrays (Bi@C‐NSA) are fabricated on copper foam via a facile galvanic replacement followed by in situ polymerization of dopamine and an annealing procedure. The carbon‐coated nanosheet array structure not only accommodates the volume expansion during cycling and maintains electrode stability, but also facilitates rapid electron/ion transport. Due to the unique structural design, this Bi@C‐NSA exhibits an impressive capacity of 315.72 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles under 1 A g−1. Furthermore, a series of in situ/ex situ techniques reveal that this Bi@C‐NSA possesses superior reaction kinetics and undergoes a typical alloying/dealloying storage mechanism. Furthermore, Bi@C‐NSA also achieves commendable reversible capacity and cycling stability in a wide temperature range (0 °C–60 °C). Notably, the assembled Na3V2(PO4)3//Bi@C‐NSA full cell demonstrates a capacity of 325 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 0.05 A g−1, which promises for practical applications. This galvanic replacement strategy spearheads a way to prepare nanoarray electrodes and will accelerate the development of sodium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI)‐based multifunctional electrolyte is developed by partially replacing NaPF6 salt in the electrolyte to improve the wide temperature range working capability of NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2/hard carbon (NNFM111/HC) sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The capacity retention of the SIBs with NaFSI‐NaPF6 dual salt electrolyte increases from 47.2 % to 75.5 % after 250 cycles at 25 °C, and from 51.0 % to 82.3 % after 80 cycles at 45 °C, and the 1 C discharge capacity retention at the low temperature of −20 °C also increases 26.8 %. In the single salt system, NaPF6 effectively passivate the aluminum foil and NaFSI passivate the electrode/electrolyte interface. The synergistic effect of NaPF6 and NaFSI greatly improves the battery performance in a wide temperature range. This NaFSI‐based dual salt electrolyte also effectively overcomes the flaws when the SIBs using NaFSI or NaPF6 independently, and makes it more suitable for SIBs, indicating promising prospects in the commercial application of NNFM111/HC SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The diversity in microglial phenotypes and functions following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to explore precise targets for improving the prognosis of TBI patients from a microglial perspective. Objectives: To assess whether the prognosis of TBI can be improved by modulating microglia function. Results: In CD300LF‐deficient mice, we observed an increase in glial cell proliferation, more extensive neuronal loss, and worsened neurological function post‐TBI. Transcriptomic comparisons between CD300LF‐positive and CD300LF‐negative microglia illuminated that the neuroprotective role of CD300LF is principally mediated by the inhibition of the STING signaling pathway. In addition, this protective effect can be augmented using the STING pathway inhibitor C‐176. Conclusions: Our research indicates that CD300LF reduces neuroinflammation and promotes neurological recovery after TBI, and that microglia are integral to the protective effects of CD300LF in this context. In summary, our findings highlight CD300LF as a critical molecular regulator modulating the adverse actions of microglia following acute brain injury and propose a novel therapeutic approach to enhance outcomes for patients with TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For the spinal internal fixation procedures, connecting rods to the pedicle screws are commonly used in all spinal segments from the cervical to sacral spine. So far, we have only seen single vertebral screw trajectory planning methods in literatures. Joint screw placements in multi‐level vertebrae with the constraint of an ipsilateral connecting rod are not considered. Purpose: In this paper, a screw trajectory planning method that considers screw‐rod joint system with both multi‐level vertebral constraints and individual vertebral safety tolerance are proposed. Methods: The proposed method addresses three challenging constraints jointly for multi‐level vertebral fixation with pedicle screws. First, a cylindrical screw safe passage model is suggested instead of a unique mathematical optimal trajectory for a single pedicle. Second, the flexible screw cap accessibility model is also included. Third, the connecting rod is modeled to accommodate the spine contour and support the needed gripping capacity. The retrospective clinical data of relative normal shape spines from Beijing Jishuitan hospital were used in the testing. The screw trajectories from the existing methods based on single vertebra and the proposed method based on multi‐level vertebrae optimization are calculated and compared. Results: The results showed that the calculated screw placements by the proposed method can achieve 88% success rate without breaking the pedicle cortex and 100% in clinical class A quality (allow less than 2 mm out of the pedicle cortex) compared to 86.1% and 99.1%, respectively, with the existing methods. Expert evaluation showed that the screw path trajectories and the connecting rod calculated by the new method satisfied the clinical implantation requirements. Conclusions: The new screw planning approach that seeks an overall optimization for multi‐level vertebral fixation is feasible and more advantageous for clinical use than the single vertebral approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the pursuit of greater energy density for the portable battery has stimulated exhaustive research in high‐voltage lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), developing electrolyte additives is considered a cost‐efficient way to improve the performance of the battery. Here, the three interactional issues of LiCoO2 (LCO) batteries in commercial electrolytes at high voltage are summarized, this review first identifies an unavoidable vicious cycle of the commercial electrolyte at high voltage. LCO/electrolyte interphase break, dissolution of transition metal (TM) ions, and formation of harmful HF accelerate the failing progress of the commercial electrolyte at high voltage, besides the malfunction of anode happens at the same time because of electrode crosstalk. Then, the modification of the commercial electrolyte is summarized according to the solutions of this vicious cycle. Last, a framework for future research on high‐voltage LCO batteries is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The diversity in microglial phenotypes and functions following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to explore precise targets for improving the prognosis of TBI patients from a microglial perspective., Objectives: To assess whether the prognosis of TBI can be improved by modulating microglia function., Results: In CD300LF-deficient mice, we observed an increase in glial cell proliferation, more extensive neuronal loss, and worsened neurological function post-TBI. Transcriptomic comparisons between CD300LF-positive and CD300LF-negative microglia illuminated that the neuroprotective role of CD300LF is principally mediated by the inhibition of the STING signaling pathway. In addition, this protective effect can be augmented using the STING pathway inhibitor C-176., Conclusions: Our research indicates that CD300LF reduces neuroinflammation and promotes neurological recovery after TBI, and that microglia are integral to the protective effects of CD300LF in this context. In summary, our findings highlight CD300LF as a critical molecular regulator modulating the adverse actions of microglia following acute brain injury and propose a novel therapeutic approach to enhance outcomes for patients with TBI., (© 2024 The Author(s). CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)